CE312

Construction Materials
and Testing

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

 CE312

Week 1:
Introduction to
Construction
Materials & Testing

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

Introduction to Construction Materials &
Testing;

Construction Materials
- is any material that is used for construction
- the success of a construction project also lies
on the materials used especially when the
materials are tested against time.
- the durability of the materials is one of the
relevant factors to be considered.

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

Introduction to Construction Materials &
Testing;

Construction Materials

manufactured naturally occurring

products such materials such as
cement, rebars, stone, timber, sand,
pipes, tiles, rock, soil, etc.
ceramics, glass,
paints, etc.

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

Introduction to Construction Materials &
Testing;

Materials Testing
- is performed for a variety of
reasons and can provide a
wealth of information about
the tested materials,
prototypes or product
samples. The data collected
during testing and the final
test results can be very useful
to engineers, designers,
production managers and
others.

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

Introduction to Construction Materials &
Testing;

Reasons why material testing is important

1. Meeting requirements of
regulatory agencies
2. Selecting appropriate
materials and treatments for
an application
3. Evaluating product
design or improvement
specifications
4. Verifying a production
process

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

Introduction to Construction Materials &
Testing;
Factors Determining the Choice of Proper
Material for a Structure
A. Strength, Rigidity & Durability
Requirements
1. Permanent loading → Creep Strength
(Creep strength is the maximum stress endured by a material for
a specific period of time without extreme deformation.)
2. Repeated loading → Fatique Strength
(Fatigue strength is the highest stress that a material can
withstand for a given number of cycles without breaking)

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

Introduction to Construction Materials &
Testing;
Factors Determining the Choice of Proper
Material for a Structure
A. Strength, Rigidity & Durability
Requirements
3. Impact loading → Toughness & Resilience
(Toughness is the property due to which the material can
withstand impact loading without fracture . Resilience is the
property due to which a material can store energy without
having permanent deformation)
4. Surface loading → Hardness & Resistance to abrasion
(Hardness is measured by poking a point into the test material
and measuring depth of penetration. Abrasion resistance is
measured by rubbing something against the test material and
measuring how much material is removed)
by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles
Introduction to Construction Materials &
Testing;
Factors Determining the Choice of Proper
Material for a Structure
B. Environmental Requirements
1. Temperature Change→ coefficient of thermal
conductivity
(The thermal conductivity of a material is a measure of its
ability to conduct heat)
2. Moisture movement → permeability
(Permeability is defined as the volume of a fluid of unit viscosity
passing through a unit cross section of the medium in unit time
under the action of a unit pressure gradient)

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

Introduction to Construction Materials &
Testing;
Factors Determining the Choice of Proper
Material for a Structure
B. Environmental Requirements
3. Chemical effects → chemical composition
(Chemical reaction, a process in which one or more substances,
the reactants, are converted to one or more different
substances, the products)

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

Introduction to Construction Materials &
Testing;
Factors Determining the Choice of Proper
Material for a Structure
C. Economy
Choose the cheaper & available materials considering:
1. Initial cost
2. Useful life
3. Frequency of maintenance
4. Cost of maintenance
5. Salvage value
6. Comfortability

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

Introduction to Construction Materials &
Testing;
LASSIFICATION OF
IVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS

1. According to their phases

2. According to their internal

structure & chemical composition

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

Introduction to Construction Materials &
Testing;
LASSIFICATION OF
IVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS

1. According to their phases

A. Gases

Air,
Oxygen,
CO2

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

Introduction to Construction Materials &
Testing;
LASSIFICATION OF
IVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS

1. According to their phases

B. Liquids

Water,
Chemical Admixtures

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

Introduction to Construction Materials &
Testing;
LASSIFICATION OF
IVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS

1. According to their phases

C. Semi-solids

Fresh pastes,
mortars,
asphalt

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

Introduction to Construction Materials &
Testing;
LASSIFICATION OF
IVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS

1. According to their phases

D. Solids

Metals,
hardened concrete

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

Introduction to Construction Materials &
Testing;
LASSIFICATION OF
IVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS
2. According to their internal
structure & chemical composition

Ferrous Non-Ferrous
(iron, cast iron, steel) (aluminum, copper, zinc, lead)

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

Introduction to Construction Materials &
Testing;
LASSIFICATION OF
IVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS
2. According to their internal
structure & chemical composition
B. Polymers : (long chains having molecules of C, H, O, N which
are formed by covalent bonding. The chains are bound to eachother
either by covalent bonds or Van der Waal’s forces.)

Natural Artificial
(rubber, asphalt, resins, wood) (plastic)

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

Introduction to Construction Materials &
Testing;
LASSIFICATION OF
IVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS
2. According to their internal
structure & chemical composition
C. Ceramics : (mainly aluminosilicates formed by mixed bonding,
covalent and ionic)

Structural clay products Porcelains

(bricks, tiles, pipes)

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

Introduction to Construction Materials &
Testing;
LASSIFICATION OF
IVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS
2. According to their internal
structure & chemical composition
D. Composite Materials

Natural Artificial
(agglemerates) (Portland cement, concrete))

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

Introduction to Construction Materials &
Testing;
LASSIFICATION OF
IVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS
2. According to their internal
structure & chemical composition
E. Reinforced Composite Materials
reinforced concrete,
reinforced plastics

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

 Introduction to Construction Materials &
Testing;

A. Laboratory Testing B. Field Testing

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

 Introduction to Construction Materials &
Testing;
Standardization Institutes

1. U.S. - American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

- American Association of State Highways and
Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
- American Concrete Institute (ACI)

2. Turkey - Turkish Standards Institute (TSE)

3. Europe - European Committee for Standardization (CEN)

4. Germany - Deutsche Institute Norm (DIN)

5. England - British Standards Institute (BSI)

 Introduction to Construction Materials &
Testing;
List of Accredited Testing Laboratories in DPWH-
Region X, as of July 2015
1. UNIVERSAL MULTI-TESTING SOLUTIONS, INC
(Address: Unit 9-A Ground Floor NEO-Central Arcade, Cugman
Highway, Cagayan de Oro City)
2. UKC BUILDERS INC/TECHNOSTRESS SYSTEMS CORP.
(Address: Tablon, Cagayan de Oro City)
3. TESTLAB ENGINEERING & GEOTECH SERVICES
(Address: No. 131 Baconga St., Lapasan, Cagayan de Oro City)
4. MEGATESTING CENTER, INC
(Address: Door 101 Tres Montanas, Business Complex Jr. Borja Ext.
Gusa, Cagayan de Oro City)
5. LYL DEVELOPMENT CORP. MTQCS
(Address: LYLDC Compound, Baloy, Tablon, Cagayan de Oro City)
 Introduction to Construction Materials &
Testing;

References:
Building Materials. August 1, 2020. Available: https://uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/
media/lectures/5/5_2018_03_11!09_59_44_PM.pdf

Construction Materials. August 22, 2020. Available: https://aybu.edu.tr/

muhendislik/insaat/contents/files/1_%20MATERIALS%20OF%20CONST
RUCTION.pdf

The Ultimate Guide to Construction Materials in the Philippines. August 2, 2020.

Available: https://reganindustrial.com/construction-materials-philippines/

Wayne, L. (2015). Civil Engineering Materials. Available: https://www.slideshare.

net/costmer/civil-engineering-materials-43984932

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles