CE312

Construction Materials
and Testing

by: CE Faculty
CE312
Week 1: Day 1
Introduction to
Construction
Materials & Testing
 Introduction to Construction Materials &
CE312: Construction Materials and Testing Testing

Construction Materials
- are any materials that used for construction
- the success of a construction project also lies on the materials used especially
when the materials are tested against time.
- the durability of the materials is one of the relevant factors to be considered.
 Introduction to Construction Materials &
CE312: Construction Materials and Testing Testing

Construction Materials
manufactured naturally occurring
products such materials such as
cement, rebars, stone, timber, sand,
pipes, tiles, rock, soil, etc.
ceramics, glass,
paints, etc.

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

 Introduction to Construction Materials &
CE312: Construction Materials and Testing Testing

Materials Testing
- is performed for a variety of
reasons and can provide a wealth
of information about the tested
materials, prototypes or product
samples. The data collected
during testing and the final test
results can be very useful to
engineers, designers, production
managers and others.

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

 Introduction to Construction Materials &
CE312: Construction Materials and Testing Testing

Reasons why material testing is important

1. Meeting requirements of regulatory agencies
2. Selecting appropriate materials and treatments for an
application
3. Evaluating product design or improvement
specifications
4. Verifying a production process

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

 Introduction to Construction Materials &
CE312: Construction Materials and Testing Testing

Factors Determining the Choice of Proper Material for a Structure

A. Strength, Rigidity & Durability Requirements

1. Permanent loading → Creep Strength

(Creep strength is the maximum stress endured by a material for a specific period of time
without extreme deformation.)

2. Repeated loading → Fatique Strength

(Fatigue strength is the highest stress that a material can withstand for a given number of
cycles without breaking)

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

 Introduction to Construction Materials &
CE312: Construction Materials and Testing Testing

Factors Determining the Choice of Proper Material for a Structure

A. Strength, Rigidity & Durability Requirements

3. Impact loading → Toughness & Resilience
(Toughness is the property due to which the material can withstand impact loading without
fracture . Resilience is the property due to which a material can store energy without having
permanent deformation)

4. Surface loading → Hardness & Resistance to abrasion

(Hardness is measured by poking a point into the test material and measuring depth of
penetration. Abrasion resistance is measured by rubbing something against the test material
and measuring how much material is removed)

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

 Introduction to Construction Materials &
CE312: Construction Materials and Testing Testing

Factors Determining the Choice of Proper Material for a Structure

B. Environmental Requirements
1. Temperature Change→ coefficient of thermal conductivity
(The thermal conductivity of a material is a measure of its ability to conduct heat)

2. Moisture movement → permeability

(Permeability is defined as the volume of a fluid of unit viscosity passing through a unit cross
section of the medium in unit time under the action of a unit pressure gradient)

3. Chemical effects → chemical composition

(Chemical reaction, a process in which one or more substances, the reactants, are converted
to one or more different substances, the products)

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

 Introduction to Construction Materials &
CE312: Construction Materials and Testing Testing

Factors Determining the Choice of Proper Material for a Structure

C. Economy
Choose the cheaper & available materials considering:
1. Initial cost
2. Useful life
3. Frequency of maintenance
4. Cost of maintenance
5. Salvage value
6. Comfortability

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

 Introduction to Construction Materials &
CE312: Construction Materials and Testing Testing

CLASSIFICATION OF
CIVIL ENGINEERING
MATERIALS

1. According to their phases

2. According to their internal

structure & chemical composition

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

 Introduction to Construction Materials &
CE312: Construction Materials and Testing Testing

CLASSIFICATION OF
CIVIL ENGINEERING
MATERIALS
1. According to their phases

A.
Gases
Air,
Oxygen,
CO2

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

 Introduction to Construction Materials &
CE312: Construction Materials and Testing Testing

CLASSIFICATION OF
CIVIL ENGINEERING
MATERIALS
1. According to their phases

B.
Liquids
Water,
Chemical Admixtures

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

 Introduction to Construction Materials &
CE312: Construction Materials and Testing Testing

CLASSIFICATION OF
CIVIL ENGINEERING
MATERIALS
1. According to their phases

C. Semi-
solids
Fresh pastes,
mortars,
asphalt

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

 Introduction to Construction Materials &
CE312: Construction Materials and Testing Testing

CLASSIFICATION OF
CIVIL ENGINEERING
MATERIALS
1. According to their phases

D. Solids

Metals,
hardened concrete

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

 Introduction to Construction Materials &
CE312: Construction Materials and Testing Testing

CLASSIFICATION OF
CIVIL ENGINEERING
MATERIALS
2. According to their internal structure & chemical composition

A. Metals : (formed by metallic bonds)

Ferrous Non-Ferrous
(iron, cast iron, steel) (aluminum, copper, zinc, lead)

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

 Introduction to Construction Materials &
CE312: Construction Materials and Testing Testing

CLASSIFICATION OF
CIVIL ENGINEERING
MATERIALS
2. According to their internal structure & chemical composition

B. Polymers : (long chains having molecules of C, H, O, N which are formed by

covalent bonding. The chains are bound to each other either by covalent bonds or Van
der Waal’s forces.)

Natural Artificial
(rubber, asphalt, resins, wood) (plastic)

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

 Introduction to Construction Materials &
CE312: Construction Materials and Testing Testing

CLASSIFICATION OF
CIVIL ENGINEERING
MATERIALS
2. According to their internal structure & chemical composition

C. Ceramics : (mainly aluminosilicates formed by mixed bonding, covalent and

ionic)
Structural clay products Porcelains
(bricks, tiles, pipes)

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

 Introduction to Construction Materials &
CE312: Construction Materials and Testing Testing

CLASSIFICATION OF
CIVIL ENGINEERING
MATERIALS
2. According to their internal structure & chemical composition

D. Composite Materials

Natural Artificial
(agglemerates) (Portland cement, concrete))

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

 Introduction to Construction Materials &
CE312: Construction Materials and Testing Testing

CLASSIFICATION OF
CIVIL ENGINEERING
MATERIALS
2. According to their internal structure & chemical composition

E. Reinforced Composite Materials

reinforced concrete,
reinforced plastics

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

 Introduction to Construction Materials &
CE312: Construction Materials and Testing Testing

Determining the Properties

of Civil Engineering Materials

A. Laboratory Testing B. Field Testing

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles

 Introduction to Construction Materials &
CE312: Construction Materials and Testing Testing

1. U.S. - American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Standardization Institutes
- American Association of State Highways and
Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
- American Concrete Institute (ACI)

2. Turkey - Turkish Standards Institute (TSE)

3. Europe - European Committee for Standardization (CEN)

4. Germany - Deutsche Institute Norm (DIN)

5. England - British Standards Institute (BSI)

 Introduction to Construction Materials &
CE312: Construction Materials and Testing Testing

List of Accredited Testing

Laboratories in DPWH-Region X
 Introduction to Construction Materials &
CE312: Construction Materials and Testing Testing

References:
Building Materials. August 1, 2020. Available: https://uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/
media/lectures/5/5_2018_03_11!09_59_44_PM.pdf

Construction Materials. August 22, 2020. Available: https://aybu.edu.tr/

muhendislik/insaat/contents/files/1_%20MATERIALS%20OF%20CONST
RUCTION.pdf

The Ultimate Guide to Construction Materials in the Philippines. August 2, 2020.

Available: https://reganindustrial.com/construction-materials-philippines/

Wayne, L. (2015). Civil Engineering Materials. Available: https://www.slideshare.

net/costmer/civil-engineering-materials-43984932

by: Engr. Vera Karla Caingles