ST.

THERESE MTC COLLEGES

Magdalo St., La Paz, Iloilo City

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

Research Work

(PRELIM)

Presented to:

Mrs. Julie Ann E. Jinon

The Faculty of St. Therese MTC Colleges

Magdalo St., La Paz, Iloilo City

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the course

Forensic 4

(Questioned Document Examination)

Presented by:

Cadette Estipona, Razel Jane D.

BSCRIM 3-1

22nd of March, 2023

 ST. THERESE MTC COLLEGES

Magdalo St., La Paz, Iloilo City

Table of Contents
The Handwriting Characteristics...................................................................................................1
Introduction
Distinct Handwriting Characteristic from Questioned Document Examination by
Gregorio Bacay Mendoza RCRIM. MSCRIM. PhDCRIM. .......................................................1
1-15............................................................................................................................................................1
16-36……………………………………………………………………………………………….2
37-49……………………………………………………………………………………………….3
Click here to enter text.
 ST. THERESE MTC COLLEGES

Magdalo St., La Paz, Iloilo City

I. The Handwriting Characteristics

Under normal circumstances, characteristics of handwriting are executed in a

subsconcious manner under the mastery of writing habit by individual person
reflecting exclusivity of writing features as patented formations of handwriting
individuality. This simply means that mastery and unconsciousness during execution
of writing will portray a characteristics of writing that can be found to one person
alone as distinct handwriting property. Indeed, the ways of writing execution is
considered as traditional and customary by individuality.

II. Distinct Handwriting Characteristic from Questioned Document

Examination by Gregorio Bacay Mendoza RCRIM. MSCRIM. PhDCRIM.

i. Arcade - a curve line of handwriting execution may be found in the above

portion.

ii. Garland - a curve line of handwriting execution may be found in the lower
portion.

iii. Angular Writing - an angle formation of handwriting strokes may be found

either below or above or even in the opposite side.

iv. Ascender - this refers to the peak portion of letters such as b, d, f, h, k, 1.

v. Alternating - is the changing strokes of writing execution either in constant or

irregular writings.

vi. Beard - a recurving initial up stroke that emanates from different direction of
writing execution. This is mostly found in capital letters leading to cursive writing.

vii. Baseline - is the alignment and direction of writing execution visible in the
lower portion.

viii. Blunt - is a product of heavy pressure in execution of handwriting.

ix. Blunt Initial Stroke - it refers to the beginning of writing in heavy handwriting
pressure.

x. Blunt Terminal Stroke - It refers to the ending of writing in heavy handwriting

pressure.

xi. Body - the main structure of writing formation during execution.

xii. Buckle Knot - the completion stroke of letters in horizontal and loop forms of
execution: such as in letters A, P, F, H, and F.

xiii. Bowl - a complete circular form of letter consisting round formation either
circumferential or oval in a customary execution such as: O or modified in B, D, P, R,
a, b, d, g, o, p, q.
 ST. THERESE MTC COLLEGES

Magdalo St., La Paz, Iloilo City

xiv. Connection - is the stroke of writing execution that letters are linked to each
other.

xv. Cursive Writing - a writing execution that letters are connected to each other.

xvi. Diacritic - is a completion stroke that completes a letter.

xvii. Ductus - a disconnected stroke that creates gap between two letters.

xviii. Ductus Link or Junction Connected - is a form of connecting stroke to

associate continuity letter connection.

xix. Descender - the inferior strokes of writing belonging to lower portion of letters
such as g. j. p. q. y.

xx. Embellishment - is an extension stroke of writing and may be found in the

initial or terminal writing execution.

xxi. Ending or Terminal Stroke or Toe - it refers to the last stroke of handwriting
execution.

xxii. Eyelet- is a small opening of round or oval writing formation as may be

classified either closed or open eyelet.

xxiii. Flying Initial Stroke- is a result of gradual appearance of ink lines on the
surface of paper that stroke of handwriting execution emanates from air surface.

xxiv. Vanishing Terminal Stroke - is a result of gradual disappearance of ink

lines on the surface of paper that stroke of handwriting execution ended to air
surface.

xxv. Ball Point Writing - is an ink line writing impression that striations are
consistently found on the surface of paper.

xxvi. Handwriting Pressure - is the degree of weight handwriting instrument

during execution of writing.

xxviii. Handwriting Speed - is the rate velocity of writing executions.

xxix. Hesitation - an irregular thickening of ink lines found in the execution of

writings due to abnormal continuity.

xxx. Hiatus - is a product of handwriting gap or skip as a result of rapid writing

execution.

xxxi. Hook - is a stroke of writing that emanates from different directions

commonly found in initial and terminal strokes.

xxxii. Hump - is an arcaded form usually found on top of the writing executions
and can be classified as arcade.

xxxiii. Ligature- another term of connecting stroke.

xxxiv. Movement impulse - is a continuous tendency of stressed strokes due to

fatigue in the execution of writing.
 ST. THERESE MTC COLLEGES

Magdalo St., La Paz, Iloilo City

xxxv. Majuscule- another term of capital letter.

xxxvi. Minuscule - another term of small letter.

xxxvii. Open loop - is the circumferential formation of writing that ink lines does
not meet and remain open.

xxxviii. Oval- is the oblong shape or formation of a particular writing execution.

xxxix. Patching- is a form of writing completion of particular parts of writing

execution due to omission of handwriting stroke.

xl. Pen lift - is the actual removal of pen nib from the surface of paper for non-
continuous writing execution.

xli. Pen stopped - is a discontinuing execution of writing without lifting the pen nib
from the paper.

xlii. Retracing - it is the multiple application of ink lines on the surface of paper
during writing execution.

xliii. Retouching - a renovation or correction for improvement of writings.

xliv. Stem or Shank - the upright, long down stroke that is the trunk or stalk, seen
especially in capital S, F, K, P.

xlv. Spur - short horizontal, terminal stroke as used in conventional small b, f, v, w.

xlvi. Shading - the gradual widening and narrowing of ink lines as a result of flexible
split nib or fountain pen enables the width of a line being controlled by variation in
pressure.

xlvii. Slant or Sloop the degree with which writing, lean - forward or
backward in relation to a baseline is referred to as slant or slope.

xlviii. Strike striking or ballpoint pen - is likewise known as ink smudge.

xlix. Spiral - is a formation of writing execution usually found in initial or terminal

strokes.