Chapter 1 3 Revised

OUR LADY OF LOURDES COLLEGE
5031 Gen. T. de Leon, Valenzuela, 1442 Metro Manila
UNINVITED COMPLIMENTS: WOMEN’S COLLECTED EXPERIENCE TO

CATCALLING ON THEIR SELF-OBJECTIFICATION AND BODY IMAGE
PERCEPTION
A Thesis presented to Our Lady of Lourdes College

In Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Submitted by:
Goco, Jr., Rosthom J.
Jimenez, Joshua P.
Lagahit, Dino C.
Lontoc, Agosto M.
Resonada, Christine Joy L.
Rolona, Rieca A.
Rondina, Sheila Mae I.
Rosario, Mayumi C.
Sarmiento, Justine Carl N.
Tadeo, John Michael C.
Tatel, Mark Vincent O.
Timofg-timog, Mark Erwin G.
Ulidan, Jhicel E.
March 2023
CHAPTER 1
PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
This chapter presents the Introduction, Statement of the Problem, Conceptual

Framework, Scope and Delimitation, Significance of the Study, and Definition of Terms.
INTRODUCTION:
Unfortunately, today’s grownups are all too acquainted with catcalling. Most people have
experienced or know someone who has experienced a catcall, whether it is a wolf-whistle, sung
by a group of strangers or comments purportedly complementing a woman’s body. Although
there are many different ways to respond to catcalling, it is never a good idea to engage in it or
start doing it. Regardless of your intentions or the other person’s reaction, catcalling is a kind of
harassment that can leave a person feeling very uncomfortable.
It might be as simple as “hello gorgeous”, “I will rape you” or “I’ll starve you”, but it can
also involve following someone home, pressing them up against a wall, groping certain body
parts, or even extreme violence that results in rape. This type of harassment, which can have
serious repercussion, affects many people frequently throughout their lives, often beginning at an
early age and taking many different forms. However, since it is acknowledged as a social
phenomenon that is primarily accepted in our culture, it is nearly impossible for victims to
escape it or take any action against it (Siggemann, 2022).
Former President Rodrigo Roa Duterte, during his term signed anti-catcalling and anti-
harassment act into law, that called Republic Act 11313 or Safe Spaces Act. Senator Risa
Hontiveros was the principal author of this law. She states that this new law is “a landmark
victory against bastos (rude) culture” (David, 2019). According to the Republic Act 11313
Article 1 Section 4, catcalling involves in gender-based streets and public spaces sexual
harassment. It is the crime committed through any unwanted and uninvited sexual actions or
remarks against any person regardless of the motive for committing such action or remarks.
The researchers wanted to conduct this study because they noticed that campaigns to stop
this type of sexual harassment in the Philippines were not widely publicized. The researchers
also wanted to make people aware that catcalling is more than just words of praise and can be
considered degrading and objectifying comments that have a negative impact on women's
psychological well-being, such as self-objectification, which is a woman's internalization of
repeated objectification by others. The women perceived themselves to be representations of
their bodies, body parts, and sexual function.
This type of public or sexual harassment is linked to body image, avoidance, behavior,
and, most importantly, self-esteem, all of which have emotional consequences for women who
have been catcalled. Self-esteem is a woman's overall assessment of her own worth. On the other
hand, women became more self-conscious and ashamed of their bodies and body parts, which led
to self-objectification in women because they were concerned about how strangers perceived
their bodies. As a result, objectification had an impact on the cognitive or mental state of a
women.
Furthermore, the researchers suspected that some people were engaging themselves in
catcalling in order to feel superior while also attracting the attention of a women. Indeed, the
researchers hoped to raise awareness that women should take action to help others and
themselves. The researchers are motivated to pursue this study, because some of the researchers
themselves particularly women received uninvited compliments by strangers.
SETTING OF THE STUDY
This study was conducted at Our Lady of Lourdes College.
Figure 1
Location of Study Our Lady of Lourdes College
Demographic profile of the  Preparation of Survey  The recommendation

respondents: Questionnaire to have a self-defense
 Age  Gathering data through seminar for the
 Course Questionnaire women.
 Year Level  Treatment of data
How often the respondents  Interpretation of data

experience catcalling
The contributory factors of
catcalling
Self-objectification level of the
respondents
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
` INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM
This study discusses the uninvited compliments: women’s collected experiences to

catcalling on their self-objectification and body image perception in Our Lady of Lourdes
College. The researchers came up with a conceptual framework.
The input includes demographic profile of the respondents in terms of: age and course.
The respondents of this study are female students in Our Lady of Lourdes College. It also
contains how often the respondents experienced catcalling and contributory factors of catcalling.
The Process is the second component of the paradigm includes the gathering of survey
questionnaires, conducting structured interview, treatment of data and interpretation of data
through tables.
The Output, the third and last component of the paradigm, it includes the
recommendation to have a self-defense seminar for the women.
These three components are connected wherein the input is processed with the result to
the expected output. The arrows in the paradigm represent the flow of the variables in the
components of the study.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The present study aims to determine the relationship between catcalling, level of self-
objectification and body perception of selected female students in Our Lady of Lourdes College.
Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents?

1.1. Age
1.2. Course
1.3. Year level
2. What are the contributory factors of catcalling?
3. How often has the respondents experience catcalling?
4. What is the self-objectification level of the respondents?
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study will focus on the uninvited compliments: woman’s collected experiences to
catcalling on their self-objectification and body image perception in Our Lady of Lourdes
College, Valenzuela City.
1. The setting. Study focuses on Our Lady of Lourdes College, Valenzuela City dated
October 1– November 30, 2022. (3months) Oct 1 Dec 31 2022
2. The subject. All female students from OLLC that have experienced in catcalling.
3. The respondent. Selected female students.
NULL HYPOTHESIS
There is no substantial variation in the respondent’s assessment on the Women’s

Collected Experience to catcalling on their Self-Objectification and Body Image Perception in
Our Lady of Lourdes College.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study will be beneficial to the following:
To the women.
This study will help to educate women about their rights regarding catcalling.
To the men
For them to comprehend that catcalling may affect women and that it can also happen to
their female loved ones, as well as to let them know that is not a proper way to attract or catch
women’s attention.
To the parents
The parents can put this study to good use by allowing them to have the chance to know
the perceptions and experience of their children regarding catcalls. In this way they could help
reduce this negative effect to their children by instructing them how to deal with it and take
action in catcalling especially when they are alone.
To the Government.
To convey the impression that catcalling in the nation is a serious issue that requires the
government’s attention, and as a result requires a law that will give enough penalty to the person
who will commit such actions.
To the Students
This research will help them to open their eyes that those uninvited compliments and
inappropriate comments being thrown at them is called catcalling and is a form of sexual
harassment. Also, to spread awareness about catcalling.
To the Counselors/Psychologists
To provide a current study or statistics on catcalling experiences so they can have more
knowledge while resolving instances that are related to it.
To the Future Researchers
This would serve as a basis for future researchers that will be conducted by other
researchers to further develop any related studies about catcalling on the self-objectification and
body image perception of a woman.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The following are the words that have been used in this research:
Ashamed - embarrassed or guilty because of one's actions, characteristics, or associations.
Body Image Perception – is a person who feels confident and positive about their physical
appearance, even if it does not conform to traditional beauty standards. They may focus on the
aspects of their body that they like, such as their strong legs or their unique facial features.
Catcalling – is a form of street harassment that usually involves a man directing unwanted
sexual comments, gestures, or whistling toward a female stranger.
Compliment – a remark or action that expresses approval, admiration, or respect.
Degrading - causing people to feel that they have no value.
Leering – to look at someone in a sexually interested way.
Obtrusive – noticeable in a way that is unpleasant or unwanted.
Profanity – is a type of language that includes dirty words and ideas. Swear words, obscene
gesture, and naughty jokes are all considered profanity.
Rape – to force someone to have sex, especially by using violence.
Repercussion – an effect or result, often indirect or remote, of some event or action:
Self-esteem – is confidence in one’s own worth or abilities.
Self-conscious – is a heightened sense of awareness of oneself. It is not to be confused with

consciousness in the sense of qualia.
Self-objectification – An example of self-objectification is a person who constantly checks their

appearance in mirrors or reflective surfaces and feels anxious or distressed if they perceive their
body to be less than ideal.
Sexist – suggesting that the members of one sex are less able, intelligent etc. than the members
of the other sex, or referring to that sex’s bodies, behavior, or feelings in a negative way.
Sexual harassment – is any form of unwelcome sexual behavior that’s offensive, humiliating or
intimidating.
Social phenomenon – refers to the interactions between and among individuals, and to the
characteristics, structures, and functions of social groups and institutions.
Superior - having or showing an overly high opinion of oneself; supercilious.
Taunting – the act of intentionally annoying and upsetting someone by making unkind remarks,
laughing unkindly at them.
Victims – a person who suffers from a destructive or injurious action or agency.
Violence – an act of physical force that causes or is intended to cause harm.
Woman - an adult female human. Prior to adulthood, a female human is referred to as a girl.
Wolf-whistle – sound made by blowing air through the lips, sometimes made by a man when he
sees a woman, he finds sexually attractive.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter includes different local and foreign literature and studies that have direct
support to the research studies. This research gives the gist of the relevant readings done by the
researcher, which is related to the present research study. The foreign and local studies would
serve as a guide and support in the interpretation and analysis of the data gathered.
FOREIGN LITERATURE
In October, the Women and Equalities Committee of the United Kingdom House of
Commons produced a report stating that for Sexual harassment in public by women and girls is a
"relentless, everyday occurrence," according to the Women and Equalities Committee report.
When sexual harassment occurs at a young age, it becomes 'normalized' as girls progress through
life." What are sometimes dismissed as "jokes" or "compliments" can have long-term
implications, sometimes even a lifetime. Minorities and members of the LGBTQI community are
also targets of street harassment while traveling. Cat-calls and comments can be mundane at
times, but they are still wrong. Growing up with our bodies as continual fodder for public
commentary influences the way we hold ourselves, dress, and navigate our place in the world. It
has an impact on our right to dignity. As human beings, we have the right to privacy and
autonomy. Harassment of women and girls is a global issue. (Margoli, 2018),
"When you return to India from New York, the first thing you tend to become painfully
conscious of is how you conduct yourself in public areas, since the male gaze is pervasive and
your body is policed in public spaces," Sumant stated. "Not by law or any governmental entity,
but by society and its expectations of how women should occupy spaces beyond the home. The
notion is that what you wear affects how safe you are, but we all know that this is merely a
method for society to control women." In India, street harassment is neatly concealed under the
sweet-sounding moniker "eve teasing," which encompasses everything from catcalling to violent
assault in public. spaces. Women going about their business on India's streets, worshipping in
temples, attending class, or traveling by metro or bus may be subjected to vulgar remarks or
worse. However, the government does little to defend them. (Agrawal, 2019)
According to a blog from Ditch the Label, (2017) ditch Catcalling can include any
uncomfortable word, gesture, or action that is forced upon a person in public without taking into
account the fact that it breaches gender norms. However, we continue to overlook this, regard
this behavior as such, and accept it as a social norm, dismissing catcalling as nothing more than
"men being men." Catcalling is always done by bystanders, mainly toward teenage girls. This led
some to internalize the regular sexual objectification and sensation of anxiety as an essential
component of the feminine experience. Some others claimed that it may be viewed as flattering.
However, society had taught that these "compliments" and unwelcome attention were meant to
make women feel amused. However, the reality is that it didn't exactly make them feel good on
the inside and might have had an impact on their mental health. It had meaningful connections
with other people and a sense of self-worth.
Catcalling can be intimidating, and can threaten both positive and negative faces.
However, many people do not see catcalling as invading the other person’s privacy. On the topic
of piropos (a Spanish term for catcalling) Bailey (2018) writes, “At another level, however, street
remarks impose intimacy on passing strangers, thus flouting the normative conventions for
interaction through which we manage social and personal risk and establish trust”.
The Infuriating Reason Men Say They Catcall Women on the Street, unwanted looks,
whistles, and whispered solicitations on the street are all too typical for women all around the
world. These interactions may be frightening, humiliating, and even deadly. "However, for other
males, they are nothing more than a kind of amusement." (Rueckert, 2017). Additionally,
catcalling particularly against women, is a common occurrence also known as catcalling.
Numerous campaigns have attempted to raise awareness about practices such as publicly
commenting on women's bodies, whistling, and unwanted sexual advances. Catcalling activists
have recently been especially active on social media, reaching out to large international
audiences. However, effective methods for stimulating intense reflection and raising empathy,
particularly among aggressors and bystanders, remain to be discovered. (Helgert et al. (2021)
FOREIGN STUDIES
These catcalls, along with the countless wolf-whistles, stares, and winks that Shoshana
Roberts received, were just some of the many comments directed toward her as she walked
through the streets of New York City (Holland, 2017). Catcalls and wolf-whistles were reported
in 11% of women's experiences, mostly in the streets. 87 percent of Australian women have
experienced sexual harassment in their lifetime, with harassment ranging from catcalling and
wolf-whistling to more severe forms such as groping and stalking while walking down the street.
They are valued more for how they appear than for who they are as individuals.
According to a study conducted by the research group Promundo and UN Woman on

gender attitudes in Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, and Palestine. Researchers discovered that
between 31 and 64 percent of men said they had ever engaged in street harassment, which
included "sexual comments, catcalling, stalking/following, or staring/ogling" of the 4,830 men
and 4,937 women surveyed. Furthermore, they discovered that younger men with more
education were more likely to harass women than older men with less education (Herman,2017).
In the research of Lindner et al. (2017) the researchers investigated the effects of
catcalling on women’s state self-objectification. With the researchers’ findings it was concluded
it appeared possible that the impact of exposure to catcalling experiences could vary depending
upon women’s experience with sexualization. Some women find some degree of sexualization to
be flattering, whereas others may be offended. Based on Hidayat et al. (2021), catcalling is one
type of verbal abuse, and the majority of victims are women. Catcalling occurs in public places
such as streets, public transportation, markets, and even workplaces. Catcalling has a negative
effect on her psyche because it causes her to feel psychologically, emotionally, anxious, fearful,
and uncomfortable, which can lead to depression.
The current study was sparked by a catcalling video and related media comments. While
the objective of the film was to show the disturbing aspect of catcalling, many viewers replied by
stating that catcalls are merely compliments. This study presents the findings of a survey meant
to collect respondents' perspectives on catcalls and compliments in order to investigate the link
between catcalls and compliments. Previous theoretical and empirical work from multiple study
strands found some overlap between the two speaking acts, and survey findings suggested
uncertainty comparable to that reported in the media, but major distinctions occurred as well.
According to the data, catcalls appear to be unusual compliments at best, and pernicious
reminders of women's inequity at worst. (Komunikasi, 2021).
The study conducted by Buah Batu et al. (2021), it examines the experiences of hijab
students who are subjected to catcalling. Catcalling may occur in any setting, regardless of
location, class, age, or social status. Most abused people are frequently blamed for their
appearance. This is regarded welcoming, but it also happens in some female students who wear
the hijab, creating in a mismatch between expectations and their social surroundings. The
purpose of this study is to examine how experiences are felt, the form of verbal and nonverbal
catcalling signals, and self-concept in female hijab students who have been catcalled.
LOCAL LITERATURE
Female college students are the most common victims of catcalling. Catcalling is
perceived to be committed by men. Men are stereotyped as dominant in society, which some use
to justify objectifying women through catcalling, according to the findings. Also, even if they are
dressed appropriately, women are catcalled by male perpetrators. Furthermore, any man is
capable of catcalling women at any time and in any place. Catcalling is viewed as a form of
entertainment by some men, at the expense of women's dignity and emotions. As a result, instead
of reacting negatively, women adjust their clothing choices and daily routines to avoid catcalling.
Men believe that women should react negatively to male catcallers. Men believe that women
should express their disgust and condemnation of the catcalls directed at them verbally and/or
nonverbally. Women, however, choose to adjust rather than confront catcallers out of concern for
their safety (Malagtas, 2016).
According to SPOT.ph (2018), ranging from drivers blowing their horns to a group of
guys whistling or calling "Miss Miss" to a woman. These types of sexual harassment are now
officially prohibited in the City of Manila, following the passage of Ordinance No. 7857, or the
"Safe City for Women and Girls Ordinance of 2018," as revealed in a Facebook post by the Safe
Cities Metro Manila Programme on June 28. This legislation, sponsored by Mania District 4
Councilor Krystle Bacani, outlaws all forms of sexual harassment, including catcalling, wolf-
whistling, swearing, and stalking. Violators will face up to a year in prison and a fine ranging
from P200 to P5,000.
Sexual harassment of women in public places is punishable by fine and imprisonment

under Quezon City's Ordinance No. 2501-2016, also known as the Gender and Development
Code of Quezon City. Sexual harassment against women in public places is defined as
"unwanted, unwelcome, uninvited comments, gestures and actions forced on a woman in public
places without their consent, and is directed at them because of their sex, gender, gender
expression, or sexual orientation that affect victims not just physically but also psychologically
causing anxiety, fear, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, or other effects" (Quezon City
Gender and Development Code). A fine of between PhP1,000 and PhP5,000 or up to one month
in jail is the penalty for minor offenses like cussing, catcalling, persistently asking the subject out
on a date or asking for her number. Depending on how serious the acts were, the penalty
increases. (Chan et. al., 2019).
On the other hand, after passing a law prohibiting catcalling and other forms of sexual
harassment in public places, Quezon City now has its first test case, which ironically puts two
law enforcers in the hot seat. Chief Supt. Guillermo Eleazar, the director of the Quezon City
Police District (QCPD), named PO1 Domingo Cena and PO2 Ric Tanguilan, both of QCPD
Station 8, as the policemen accused by a 21-year-old woman of catcalling her as she went down
the street, during a press conference. In the municipal prosecutor's office, Cena and Tanguilan
whose pictures were displayed during the briefing were accused of breaking Ordinance 2501,
also known as the revised City Gender and Development Code. They risk a fine of up to P5,000
or one month in jail if found guilty. According to Eleazar, the two police officers have been
discharged from their positions and given a floating status. Sandy, the complainant, positively
identified Cena as one of the two police officers who catcalled her on Nov. 2 night while she was
going down Katipunan Avenue. Around 10:30 p.m., Sandy said on social media that she saw a
police car passing by. and heard the one behind the wheel wolf-whistle at her and observed the
person in the passenger seat smirking and looking at her "maliciously. Complainant claims that
she was too afraid to record the event on camera. But the QCPD opened an inquiry when her
post gained popularity. According to Eleazar, a team led by Senior Supt. Arthur Bisnar, deputy
for operations for the QCPD, determined that the event included police car No. 235 because it
was the only mobile unit present and operational in the vicinity at the time. According to Chief
Insp., the investigators not only looked at CCTV footage but also at least 50 mobile patrol cars'
GPS systems. Barry Dollente, commander of the QCPD's motorized tactical unit. After a CCTV
recording at a gas station showed him getting out of the police car, it was determined that Cena
was the officer in the passenger seat. Sandy later positively identified him, according to Eleazar.
Being the first lawsuit in Quezon City to be brought against catcalling, this one is significant. On
this case, we are particularly concentrating. The cultural attitude of men toward women is what
we are attempting to alter in this situation, the QCPD director continued. "We want to
demonstrate that catcalling is not a compliment, especially if the catcallers are police officers
who are sworn to uphold the law." Eleazar stated that in addition to their immediate commander,
SPO2 Ariel Camiling, Cena and Tanguilan would also be the subject of administrative
complaints.
LOCAL STUDIES
According to experts, making eye contact is one way to stop a catcaller. Making Public
Places Safe and Welcoming for Women, a book, says that strong body language like making eye
contact will shock the harasser enough to make them want to take revenge. They are forced to
reflect on what they have said or done. Also effective is calling out the harasser in a firm voice.
Try making statements that are negative, such as "No, leave me alone" or "I don't appreciate it."
Go away" will stun a bully and, hopefully, stop him or her from making catcalls. However,
harassment typically occurs at night when a woman is alone, so simply avoiding the harasser and
walking away is often preferable; alternatively, it is recommended that the harasser refrain from
engaging at all (Cantiga, 2019).
Catcalled has received a generally positive reception in the Philippines. While the
majority of the supporters are women, there are also some female critics. It demonstrated the
increased prevalence of sexism, a prejudice against women or girls. Eighty-eight percent of
Filipinas between the ages of 18 and 24 reported encountering various types of sexual
harassment in public. Twenty percent of the victims are unable to reply because of fear, and fifty
percent of the victims take no action in response to the incident. Given the prevalence, one would
assume that action would need to be taken to stop it, but every day, men continue to whistle,
shout, make insulting or sexist remarks, leer, and even grope women without suffering any
repercussions (Raymond, 2017).
Sexual harassment is an example of such violence as catcalling as experienced by

Filipino women. Sexual harassment occurs on a daily basis, everywhere and to everyone. It's
heartbreaking to think that it could be as common as the common cold. This crime's virus
manifests itself in a variety of ways, depending on the situation, including sexism, power
dynamics, psychological factors, moral and cultural values. Regardless, each case is a violation
of human rights. Harassment has nothing to do with one's appearance or clothing. Despite being
fully clothed in their school uniforms, the girls were catcalled (Cabral (2017).
Catcalling is viewed as a form of entertainment by some men, at the expense of women's

dignity and emotions. As a result, instead of reacting negatively, women adjust their clothing
choices and daily routines to avoid catcalling. Men believe that women should react negatively
to male catcallers. Men believe that women should express their disgust and condemnation of the
catcalls directed at them verbally and/or nonverbally. Women, however, choose to adjust rather
than confront catcallers out of concern for their safety (Magtalas and Sing, 2016).
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter discussed methods and instruments used in selecting participants especially
women related to catcalling and constructing technique a range of approaches used to gather data
using survey questionnaires of Sexual Harassment Scale, Objectified Body Consciousness Scale
answered by the participants.
RESEARCH DESIGN
This research is a quantitative research because the researchers obtained quantifiable

information. The study used quantitative method that emphasized numerical analysis and data
through questionnaires and survey.
RESEARCH LOCALE
This research is conducted at Our Lady of Lourdes College which located in Barangay
Gen. T De Leon, Valenzuela City. It started out in 1986 as the Cherub Learning Center, founded
by Mr. and Dr. Alfredo Demetillo. There are 200 students enrolled in Bachelor of Science in
Education, 621 students in Bachelor of Science in Criminology, 238 students in Bachelor of
Science of in Business Administration, 285 students in Bachelor of Science in Information
Technology, and 182 students in Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management. Total of 1, 516
students enrolled in college department this second semester school year 2022-2023. The
researcher selected 50 female students from which represented 3.11% of the whole population of
the college department in Our Lady of Lourdes College.
SAMPLES AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

The research will use a purposive sampling. The respondents will selected based on the
following:
a. Female
b. College student
c. Studying in Our Lady of Lourdes College
INSTRUMENTATION
The researcher will administer 3-5 minutes survey form that will ask demographic profile
including 4 other items regarding in their catcalling experienced.
The researcher used the scales from “The Relationship of Gender-Based Public
Harassment to Body Image, Self-Esteem, and Avoidance Behavior” (2018). The Objectified
Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS), and The Street Harassment Scale (SHS) will be used by the
researchers for this study to measure the frequency of catcalling.
Objectified Body Consciousness Scale
The Objectified Body Consciousness scale (OBCS; McKinley & Hyde, 1996) is use to
measure self-objectification. It consisted of 10 questions and is based on the Objectification
Theory. The participants will record their opinions on a 1 to 5 scale - 1 being "strongly disagree"
and 5 being "strongly agree". The authors will conduct three separate investigations using both
college-age and middle-aged women as respondents to create and validate the scale's validity and
reliability. Factor analysis will be used to identify three distinct subscales: The internal reliability
of the Surveillance Subscale is moderate to high in all investigations, with a =.76-.89.
In scoring the Objectified Body Consciousness scale, the answers of the respondents on
each item will be summed up.
Street Harassment Scale
This Street Harassment Scale (SHS) is developed in response to Lord's previous scale,
which quantified the frequency of street harassment (2009). These 10 items are designed to
represent a range of sensations on two dimensions: mild to harsh and complimentary to hostile.
After early testing, this new scale shows good reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient
of .97 for the present sample.
Whereas the Street Harassment Scale was designed to assess the frequency of catcalling
encounters, the responses of the respondents on each item will also be sum. This meant that a
higher score indicates a greater frequency.
PROCEDURE
The researchers will collect data from randomly chosen female college students from Our
Lady of Lourdes College. A 3-item demographic profile will be provided to each participant.
Items measured their age, mode of transportation, and the frequency with which they were
harassed on the street. Each question has multiple possible answers with the option to write in a
response if none of the choices match with the participant's experience. Answering the
questionnaires will take only 3-5 minutes.
The participants will answer a series of tests. The Street Harassment Scale (SHS) which
is a 10-item scale test followed by the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS), which is a
10-item scale that measured participants' states of self-objectification and the Self-Objectification
Questionnaire.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Since the study is quantitative research, some descriptive statistics will be used like
frequency, percentage distribution of the statistical needed in certain problems depend upon the
nature of it.
To solve the problem presented in this study, the researcher will use the following statistical
tools:
1. Frequency of Distribution and Percentage. This will be used to describe the scores of the
respondents by summarizing the distribution of values in the sample by test scores. This
is used to determine the total number of scores of the respondents. To better comprehend
the data, percentage distribution will be computed. The formula to get percentage is:
% = n/N x 100
where: n = number of responses
N = total number of cases

APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled “UNINVITED COMPLIMENTS: WOMEN’S EXPERIENCE

TO CATCALLING ON THEIR SELF-OBJECTIFICATION AND BODY IMAGE
PERCEPTION” prepared and submitted by Goco, Jr. Rosthom, Jimenez Joshua, Lagahit Dino,
Lontoc Agosto, Resonada Christine Joy, Rolona Rieca, Rondina Sheila Mae, Rosario Mayumi,
Sarmiento Justine Carl, Tadeo John Michael, Tatel Mark Vincent, Timog-timog Mark Erwin,
Ulidan Jhicel in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Criminological Research II for the
degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology has been examined and recommended for
approval and acceptance.
Dr. Jacinto G. Ramos
Coordinator
PSSg. Jeffrey Noceda
Adviser
Mrs. Ligaya Umipig
Panelist Mr. Edwin Malaay
Panelist
Mr. Ariel Yamzon
Panelist
Dr. Waynefred H. Villarba
Dean of Criminology
Test I:
Name (Optional):
Age: 18 years old to 20 years old
21 years old to 23 years old
24 years old above
Course: Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (BSBA)
Bachelor of Science in Criminology (BSCRIM)
Bachelor of Science in Education (BSE/BEED)
Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management (BSHM)
Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT)
Year Level: 1st year 2nd year
3rd year 4th year
(Your information will not be sold or given to outside entities.)
Test II:
1. When do you usually experience catcalling?
Night time Day Time
Others: (please specify)
2. Where do you usually experience catcalling?
Inside the campus Outside the Campus
3. What type of transportation do you primarily take?
Public (tricycle, jeepney, taxi, pedicab, FX, bus, etc.)
Private Walking

4. Who are you with when you experienced catcalling?
With friends/classmates With relative/family
With your special someone Others: (please specify)
5. What were you wearing when you experienced catcalling?
Revealing clothes T-shirt and pants
Uniform Others: (please specify)
Test III. The Street Harassment Scale
Think about the past experienced before. For each question, circle the number that corresponds
to how often you have experienced the event according to the following Scale.
0 Never
1 Once in the past year
2 Few times in the past year
3 About once a moth
4 Few times a moth
5 Almost everyday
6 Multiple times a day
1. How frequently has a stranger whistled or screamed at you when you were waiting for a
bus, riding a tricycle, or walking?
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
2. How frequently have stranger given you street kisses or other romantic gestures?
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
3. How often has a stranger asked you for your name?
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
4. How often has a stranger give negative comments about your appearance as you walk by?
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
5. How often has a stranger complimented you on your looks as you pass by and then
repeated it louder in an effort to capture your attention?
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
6. How frequently have stranger made suggestive gestures to you as you walk? (e.g.,
pantomiming a blow job, grabbing his crotch)?
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
7. How frequently has a stranger made sexual remarks to you before following you while
you were walking?
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
8. How often have you been targeted by a stranger's nonverbal gesture as they pass by (e.g.,
cat calls, wolf whistles, etc.)?
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
9. How often have you been approached by a group of strangers who motioned for you to
join them where they were standing?
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
10. How often has a stranger called you disrespectful remarks as you go past?
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Test IV. Self -Objectification and Body Image Perception Scale. Encircle the number that
corresponds to how much you agree with each of the statements on the following pages.
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
1. Sometimes I care about my appearance ……….. 1 2 3 4 5

2. When I can’t manage my weight, I think there must be a problem with me... 1 2 3 4 5
3. Sometimes I compare my appearance with appearance of others… 1 2 3 4 5
4. When I don’t look as good as I might, I assume that I must be nasty person... 1 2 3 4 5
5. I rarely give thought to how I appear to others……………. 1 2 3 4 5
6. When I’m not exercising, I wonder if I’m a decent enough person……… 1 2 3 4 5
7. If others knew my actual appearance, I would feel embarrassed………. 1 2 3 4 5
8. I care more about my body’s abilities than it’s appearance……….. 1 2 3 4 5
9. When I don’t put the effort to appear well, I feel ashamed of myself…….. 1 2 3 4 5
10. I frequently question whether the clothes I’m wearing will improve my appearance..
1 2 3 4 5

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OUR LADY OF LOURDES COLLEGE

5031 Gen. T. de Leon, Valenzuela, 1442 Metro Manila

UNINVITED COMPLIMENTS: WOMEN’S COLLECTED EXPERIENCE TO

A Thesis presented to Our Lady of Lourdes College

PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter presents the Introduction, Statement of the Problem, Conceptual

SETTING OF THE STUDY

This study was conducted at Our Lady of Lourdes College.

Location of Study Our Lady of Lourdes College

Demographic profile of the  Preparation of Survey  The recommendation

How often the respondents  Interpretation of data

` INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

This study discusses the uninvited compliments: women’s collected experiences to

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents?

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

There is no substantial variation in the respondent’s assessment on the Women’s

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study will be beneficial to the following:

To the Future Researchers

Ashamed - embarrassed or guilty because of one's actions, characteristics, or associations.

Compliment – a remark or action that expresses approval, admiration, or respect.

Degrading - causing people to feel that they have no value.

Leering – to look at someone in a sexually interested way.

Obtrusive – noticeable in a way that is unpleasant or unwanted.

Rape – to force someone to have sex, especially by using violence.

Repercussion – an effect or result, often indirect or remote, of some event or action:

Self-esteem – is confidence in one’s own worth or abilities.

Self-conscious – is a heightened sense of awareness of oneself. It is not to be confused with

Self-objectification – An example of self-objectification is a person who constantly checks their

Superior - having or showing an overly high opinion of oneself; supercilious.

Victims – a person who suffers from a destructive or injurious action or agency.

Violence – an act of physical force that causes or is intended to cause harm.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

According to a study conducted by the research group Promundo and UN Woman on

Sexual harassment of women in public places is punishable by fine and imprisonment

Sexual harassment is an example of such violence as catcalling as experienced by

Catcalling is viewed as a form of entertainment by some men, at the expense of women's

This research is a quantitative research because the researchers obtained quantifiable

SAMPLES AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

Objectified Body Consciousness Scale

Street Harassment Scale

where: n = number of responses

N = total number of cases

This thesis entitled “UNINVITED COMPLIMENTS: WOMEN’S EXPERIENCE

Dr. Jacinto G. Ramos

PSSg. Jeffrey Noceda

Mrs. Ligaya Umipig

Panelist Mr. Edwin Malaay

Mr. Ariel Yamzon

Dr. Waynefred H. Villarba

2. Where do you usually experience catcalling?

Inside the campus Outside the Campus

Others: (please specify)

3. What type of transportation do you primarily take?

Public (tricycle, jeepney, taxi, pedicab, FX, bus, etc.)

Others: (please specify)

4. Who are you with when you experienced catcalling?

With friends/classmates With relative/family

With your special someone Others: (please specify)

5. What were you wearing when you experienced catcalling?