Lorraine Anne G.

Laurente
Feburuary 14, 2023
GE15

Activtity 2

1. D 6. A
2. C 7. A
3. C 8. B
4. C 9D
5. A 10. A

Activity 3

1. Species and communities evolve through the process of natural selection. That is , they undergo change in order to respond and
adapt to the environment that they are living in. They acquire new ways to survive, and theses changes are reflected into their
genes, which Is then passed to their offspring. Evolution influences the structure of the future communities and population
structure since the organisms that inherited the new genes had more chance to survive to their environment, thus their population
will become more abundant than those species that was not able to adapt to the changes on their environment.

2. Adaptation is a change that occurs in an organism, whether physical structure or behavioral structure in order to better survive
to its own habitat. When faced in a pressing environmental situation, they respond to theses changes by modifying their physical
characteristics or adapting new behaviors to survive.

3. Natural resources definitely have an effect on species composition, structure and function. Like humans who rely on natural
selection resources for their needs, other species also does the same. Their survival, growth and productivity depends on their
habitat’s availability of food and other needed of natural resources. Limited resources ensues competition among other species,
which then forces them to adapt new ways to survive.

4. Speciation happens when a certain group of species diverges from their members as they develop new and distinct
characteristics. Speciation helps maintain the biological diversity, since it is a process where it creates new types of species in a
slow pace over a long period of time.

5. Ecological succession exists wherein an ecosystem undergo a series of gradual changes due to environmental conditions. While
this usually in a non-urban areas, thus can also occur in urban areas due to industrialization and modern technologies. An example
to this is the land clearing for constructions and site development.

6. Organism compete because they want to survive. There is a shortage of natural resources, but there are multiple species who
needs them to survive. With this, competition both favors and eliminates biological species. Those who remain superior have
more means to survive since they are more adjusted to their environment. Those who lose in the competition will be eliminated as
they can get few resources than the other other species thus, it might lead to extinction.

7. Primary selection is a succession that occurs in primarily new habitat, while secondary succession occurs in a previously
colonized, but damaged habitat. They are both similar as they both bring gradual series of changes in an ecosystem, the only
difference is that primary succession’s goal is to develop a new ecosystem while the secondary succession aims to reconstruct an
old one.

8. Biome are areas in the world where large ecological communities exists, with notable vegetation and specific animals living in
it. There are many types of biomes and three of them are tropical rain forests, taiga, and deserts. Tropical rain forests exists near
the equator and it receives an ample amount of rain in a year making plants and rivers thrive and also soils to be fertile. Taiga
forests exists in cold regions that are filled by conifers, spruces and firs. Meanwhile, deserts are characterized by its extreme
dryness as it receives only a very little amount of rainfall. This is also the reason why cactus is the only plant that exists in deserts.

9. Marine ecosystem consists of aquatic ecosystem, as it is abundant in water and salt content. It covers 2/3 of the earth’s surface.
Meanwhile, terrestrial ecosystems are land based ecosystems where inhabitants were more influenced with gravity and relies
mostly on marine ecosystems for natural resources.

10. Coral bleaching happens when corals lose their color and change to white due to an increase in water temperatures driven by
carbon pollution and climate change. This negatively affects marine biological diversity since corals will then become prone to
disease, which prevents them from reproducing and affects other organisms relying on them as well.