Framework:

A framework, or software framework, is a platform that provides a foundation for developing software applications. Think of it as a
template of a working program that can be selectively modified by adding code. It uses shared resources – such as libraries, image
files, and reference documents – and puts them together in one package. That package can be modified to suit the specific needs of
the project. With a framework, the developer can add or replace features to give new functionality to the application.

Types of frameworks:

With the huge variety of programming languages out there, naturally, you’ll find that there are a large number of frameworks
available. Each of these frameworks is used to solve different problems that come up in the process of software development. They’re
used in many industries, including web development, data science, and more. Here, we’ll go into some of the broader categories of
frameworks with examples of specific frameworks within them.

Back-End Web Frameworks:

Back-end web frameworks, or just web frameworks, are the most commonly used programming frameworks. But what are web
frameworks? Web frameworks assist developers in making web applications and dynamic websites. These frameworks completely
transformed the way web development is done, speeding up the entire software development process by automating common tasks for
web developers, like providing database access, session management, and page templates. Instead of building websites using HTML,
JavaScript and CSS, back-end frameworks use programming languages to interact with a database to generate content. This means that
this work is hosted on a server, hence why it’s the back-end portion. Common back-end web frameworks include.

Django – an open-source Python web development framework. It was designed to “help developers take applications from concept
to completion as quickly as possible”. A popular choice due to its speed, security, and scalability. 

Framework Programming Language Famous Use Cases

Instagram
Django Python Pinterest
Coursera

MySpace
ExpressJS NodeJS GeekList
Storify

Deltanet Travel
Laravel PHP Neighborhood Lender
MyRank

ZendDesk
Ruby on Rails Ruby Shopify
GitHub
 Mapme
CakePHP PHP Educationunlimited
Followmy Tv

Front-End Frameworks:
Where back-end web frameworks are loaded on a server, front-end frameworks are executed in a user’s browser. They allow web
developers to design what the users see on the website, things like the management of AJAX requests, defining file structures, and
styling the website’s components. 

The most common front-end frameworks are:

 Angular JS – a front-end JavaScript framework. It was developed and is supported by Google. Features like two-way data binding
and dependency injections have greatly helped reduce development time, making this a popular option in the web development
community. 
 React – another front-end JavaScript framework developed by the team at Facebook to help them make changes to the site’s code
easily. One of its more popular features is the use of virtual DOM, allowing for more seamless site performance and ensuring that
high-load applications render faster. 
 Bootstrap – a front-end CSS framework that is a collection of reusable HTML, CSS, and Javascript code. Having all this code pre-
defined in a downloadable file allows for developers and designers to save time creating fully-responsive websites. 

Mobile Development Frameworks:

With the rise of mobile rapidly gaining traction, mobile development frameworks have seen an equally impressive uptick. Like their
desktop counterparts, mobile development frameworks give developers a structure that supports the mobile app-building process.
They can be split into two different types, native mobile apps (meaning the app would be built for either Apple or Android) and cross-
platform frameworks (resulting in an app that’s compatible with any phone). Common mobile development frameworks are:

 Flutter – A cross-platform app framework that forms native code, meaning you can use one programming language and code base to
create an app for both Apple and Android. It was developed by Google and is free and open-source. 
 React Native – A cross-platform app framework that also forms a native code developed by the team at Facebook. It was created with
both JavaScript and ReactJS programming languages and comes with ready-made components that can save developers time as they
don’t have to create elements from scratch.

What makes a good framework?

A good framework is: 
 Simple to understand, consistent, and easy to implement.
 Has a default behaviour that is useful and does something. It should not contain redundant code that doesn’t perform a function.
 Uses all the best practices from the past, with the ability to evolve in the future.
 Allows the developer to build components that are reusable.
 The flow of control is handled by the framework – meaning the framework takes control of the order of processing, not the caller.
 It can be extended – adding additional code – to provide different functionality.
 It contains default framework code that can’t be modified, only extended.
Why to use framework? –
a) No Need to write code from scratch
b) Save Time
c) In this, security features are already made, due to which the application is more secure and we do not need to worry about security.
d) Many features library, helpers, controllers are already present which make software development task easy like making URL SEO
friendly.
e) In this, different sections are made for all the tasks, due to which it is very easy to write and understand the code.
f) Testing and debugging is easy.
g) Different Sections for different tasks.
h) Clean code
i) Lot of in build tools

Components of. Net Framework:-

1. CLR (Common Language run-time)

2. FCL (. Net Framework Class Library)

3. .Net Languages

1. CLR (Common Language Run-time):- It works like a virtual machine, and executes all the languages. CLR translates the source
code into byte code, which we call CIL (Common Intermediate Language) or MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language). And after
that converts this CIL code or MSIL code into native code by JIT compiler at run-time.

2. FCS (Framework Class Library):-FCL is Microsoft's standard library, and it is a reusable, class, interfaces library. It can

be used for web-based, Windows GUI applications and ASP. Net application, used to develop console-based application goes.
Different types of application
1. Embedded Systems
2. Windows applications (also called 'Desktop applications')
3. Web Applications
4. Web Services
5. Console applications 

Embedded Systems

When we save a name, address and other information in to our Mobile Phone or Digital Diary, you know How it gets saved in it?
Nothing but which is a small computer program 'Embedded' into a chip in the device inside the mobile phone or digital diary known as
Embedded Systems.

Windows applications
Windows Applications is a form based standard Windows, Microsoft word; Paint is example to the Windows application, and also
called 'Desktop applications'.

Web Applications

A web site is also called 'web Applications'. A web application is a collection of web pages hosted on a special computer called 'web
server'. Web server can be located anywhere and visitors can be located anywhere. It will work through Browsers (EG. Internet
Explorer, Mozilla, Netscape).

Web Services

Web services are web applications that give services to other applications through the internet, example Google search engine, Yahoo
Search engine etc. which allows other applications to delegate the task of searching over the internet.

Console Applications

Console applications runs inside the command prompt i.e. DOS window, It is a light weight program and which is used commonly for
test applications. 

Web Application

a) A web application or web app is a type of software program that is created to accomplish a specific task.

b) This web application is stored on the web server and whenever the user or client sends a request, this application is executed
on the client's web browser.

c) Like any other computer software or application, this application provides its user with an environment where data is entered
by the user.

d) This user is able to perform different types of tasks.

e) Different scripting languages are used to create these web applications.

f) This includes server-side scripting languages such as: PHP, ASP, etc.

g) This includes client-side scripting languages such as: HTML, jQuery, JavaScript, etc.
Role of web server and web browser

Object Orientation
The object-oriented approach, however, focuses on objects that represent abstract or concrete things in the real world. These objects
are first defined by their character and their properties, which are represented by their internal structure and their attributes (data). The
behavior of these objects is described by methods (functions).