General Kinds of Lie

1. White Lie or Benign Lie

 These are the kind of lies used to protect or maintain the harmony of
friendship or any relationship.
 A lie about a small or unimportant matter that someone tells to avoid hurting
another person.
2. Pathological Lie
 Also known as mythomania and morbid lying.
 Psychiatrist Anton Delbrück gave it the Latin name pseudologia
fantastica (sometimes spelled phantastica).
 A person must lie frequently and for no good reason. Pathological liars harm
themselves with their behavior, but they keep doing it despite the
consequences‌.
 This is a lie made by the persons who cannot distinguish right from wrong.
10 Signs of Pathological Liar

 Embellishing lies with extensive details 

 Telling dramatic and highly unlikely stories
 Appearing anxious while talking
 Getting defensive when confronted about a lie
 Constantly changing their story or being vague when questioned 
 Lying about something even when there’s no reason to 
 Seeming unconcerned with being caught in a lie
 Feeling a “high” when they get away with lying
 Passing off a story someone else told as their own
 Acting in ways that don’t match their words

3. Red Lie
 A red lie is reportedly about “spite and revenge.” These lies are
“driven by the motive to harm others” even when it produces
detrimental expense to self and situation. These are the kind of lies, I
suspect, that may have the greatest consequence. They often layer
upon themselves and spill over into the atmosphere causing personal
and collective distress and, ultimately, permanently broken trust.
 This involve political interests and motives because this is a part of
communist propaganda strategy. This is prevalent in communist
countries or communist infested nations.
 4. Black Lie – a lie which accompanies pretensions and hypocrisies, intriguing to
cause dishonor or discredit ones good image.
5. Malicious Lie or Judicial Lie – this is very pure and unjustifiable kind of lie that is
intended purely to mislead or obstruct justice.

Ex. Perjury – the act of lying or making verifiably false statements on a

material matter under oath of affirmation in a court of law or in any various
sworn statements in writing.

Other Kinds of Lie

1. Fabrication – a lie told when someone submits a statement as truth without
knowing for certain wether or not it is actually true. Although the statement may
be possible or plausible, it is not based on fact. Rather, it is something made up,
ot is is a misinterpretation of the truth.
2. Bold-faced Lie – is one which is told when it is obvious to all concerned that it is a
lie.
3. Lying by omission – one lies by omission by omitting an important fact,
deliberately leaving another person with a misconception.
4. Lie to Children - often a platitude which may use euphemism, which is told to
make an adult subject acceptable to children.
5. Noble Lie – one which would normally cause discord if it were uncovered but
which offers some benefit to the liar and assists on an orderly society, therefore
potentially beneficial to others. It is often told to maintain law, order and safety.
6. Emergency lie – is a strategic lie when the truth may not be told because it may
harm a third party. Alternatively, an emergency lie could denote a temporary lie
told to a second person because of the presence of a third.
7. Bluffing – pretending to have a capability or intention which one does not actually
possess. It is an act of deception which is rarely seen as immoral.
8. Jocose Lies – are those which are meant in jest and are usually understood as
such by all present parties. Ex. Sarcasm or Teasing
9. Contextual lies – one can state part of the truth out of context knowing that
without complete information it gives a false impression.
10. Promotion Lies – advertisements often contain statements which are incredible
and exaggerated for you to patronize or buy their products.
What are the types of Iiars?
1. Panic liars – one who lies in order to avoid the consequences of a confession,
they are afraid of embarrassment and it is a serious blow to their ego. They
believe that confession will just make the matter worst.
2. Occupational Liars – are practical liars and lies when it has a higher pay off than
telling the truth.
3. Tournament Liars – are those who love to lie and are excited by the challenge of
not being detected. For them an interview is a contest and wants to win, these
 persons realizes that they will probably got convicted but will not give anyone the
satisfaction of hearing them or her confesses.
4. Psychopathic Liars – the most difficult type, these persons have no conscience
and shows no regret for dishonesty and no manifestation of guilt.
5. Ethnological Liars – are those who taught not to be a squealer.
6. Pathological Liars – are persons who cannot distinguish right from wrong due to
their sick mind. They are insane.
7. Black liars – are persons who always pretends what he is and what he thinks of
himself.

8. Detecting Lies through

Observation Methods
9.
10. 1. Through Facial Expression
11. 2. Blushing, paling or profuse
sweating of forehead.
12. 3. Dilation of the eyes,
protrusion of eyeballs and elevation
of upper eyelids.
13. 4. Squinting of the eyes
(showing envy, distrust, etc.).
14. 5. Twitching of the lips.
15. 6. Excessive winking of the
eyes.
16. 7. Failure to look the inquirer
“straight into the eyes”.
17. 8. Excessive activity of the
Adam’s apple and the vein at the
temple due to dryness of throat and
mouth.
18. 9. Quivering of nose or
nostrils.
19. 10. A peculiar monotone of the
voice.
20. 11. A forced laugh.
21. 12. Rolling of eyeballs from
one direction to another
22. 13. Through Postural Reaction
23. 14. Fidgeting, tapping or
drumming of fingers on the chairs
or the other surfaces.
24. 15. Swinging of legs or one leg
over the other.
25. 16. Unnecessary movements of
hands and feet (like scratching, nail
biting, thumb or finger sucking).
26. 17. Pulsation of the artery in the
neck.
27. 18. Incoherence, trembling and
sweating of the whole body.
28. Detecting Lies through
Observation Methods
29.
30. 1. Through Facial Expression
31. 2. Blushing, paling or profuse
sweating of forehead.
32. 3. Dilation of the eyes,
protrusion of eyeballs and elevation
of upper eyelids.
33. 4. Squinting of the eyes
(showing envy, distrust, etc.).
34. 5. Twitching of the lips.
35. 6. Excessive winking of the
eyes.
36. 7. Failure to look the inquirer
“straight into the eyes”.
37. 8. Excessive activity of the
Adam’s apple and the vein at the
temple due to dryness of throat and
mouth.
38. 9. Quivering of nose or
nostrils.
39. 10. A peculiar monotone of the
voice.
40. 11. A forced laugh.
41. 12. Rolling of eyeballs from
one direction to another
42. 13. Through Postural Reaction
43. 14. Fidgeting, tapping or
drumming of fingers on the chairs
or the other surfaces.
44. 15. Swinging of legs or one leg
over the other.
45. 16. Unnecessary movements of
hands and feet (like scratching, nail
biting, thumb or finger sucking).
46. 17. Pulsation of the artery in the
neck.
47. 18. Incoherence, trembling and
sweating of the whole body.
Detecting Lies through Observation Methods
1. Through Facial Expression
2. Blushing, paling or profuse sweating of forehead.
3. Dilation of the eyes, protrusion of eyeballs and elevation of upper eyelids.
4. Squinting of the eyes (showing envy, distrust, etc.).
5. Twitching of the lips.
6. Excessive winking of the eyes.
7. Failure to look the inquirer “straight into the eyes”.
8. Excessive activity of the Adam’s apple and the vein at the temple due to dryness
of throat and mouth.
9. Quivering of nose or nostrils.
10. A peculiar monotone of the voice.
11. A forced laugh.
 12. Rolling of eyeballs from one direction to another
13. Through Postural Reaction
14. Fidgeting, tapping or drumming of fingers on the chairs or the other surfaces.
15. Swinging of legs or one leg over the other.
16. Unnecessary movements of hands and feet (like scratching, nail biting, thumb or
finger sucking).
17. Pulsation of the artery in the neck.
18. Incoherence, trembling and sweating of the whole body.

What is the theory of a lying person?

 Telling a lie is usually an emotional experience
 A conscious act of lying causes the mind of a person which produces
an emotion of fear or anxiety, manifested by fluctuations in pulse rate,
blood pressure, breathing and perspiration.
 The physiologic fluctuations that comes with the emotion are in nature
automatic, self-regulating and beyond conscious control because they
affect the functioning of the internal structures that prepare the body
for the emergency.
The underlying psychology here includes:
1. The lying person fears detection, causing physiological changes to take place in his
body.
2. Fear of detection must be experienced by the subject: otherwise no physiological
changes will occur.
3. A person “tunes in” that which indicates trouble or danger by having his sense
organs and attention

4. 3. A person “tunes in” that which

indicates trouble or danger by having
his sense organs and attention for a
particular
5. stimulus, and he “tunes out “that
which is of a lesser threat to his self-
preservation or general well-being.
6. 4. In a series of questions
containing relevant and control
questions, the lying subjects will
“tune in” on the most intense
7. relevant questions and “tune out
“ the control question and may not
be materially affected by other
weak relevant
8. questions.
9. 5. The truthful subject will direct
his attention to the control question
wherein he consciously knows he is
deceptive and
10. “tune out” the relevant ones.
11. 3. A person “tunes in” that
which indicates trouble or danger by
having his sense organs and attention
for a particular
12. stimulus, and he “tunes out “that
which is of a lesser threat to his self-
preservation or general well-being.
13. 4. In a series of questions
containing relevant and control
questions, the lying subjects will
“tune in” on the most intense
14. relevant questions and “tune
out “ the control question and may
not be materially affected by other
weak relevant
15. questions.
16. 5. The truthful subject will
direct his attention to the control
question wherein he consciously
knows he is deceptive and
17. “tune out” the relevant ones.
4. A person “tunes in” that which indicates trouble or danger by having his sense
organs and attention for a particular stimulus, and he “tunes out “that which is of a
lesser threat to his self-preservation or general well-being.
5. In a series of questions containing relevant and control questions, the lying subjects
will “tune in” on the most intense relevant questions and “tune out “ the control
question and may not be materially affected by other weak relevant questions.
6. The truthful subject will direct his attention to the control question wherein he
consciously knows he is deceptive and “tune out” the relevant ones.