5 Customer engagement |5.2 Persuasion | Grammar reference 5.2 Participle clauses Participle clauses use participles with -ing or -ed. They give information about the subject of the sentence in a more condensed form. They can be active or passive. Active participle clauses can be used in continuous or perfect forms. Using this shampoo daily, customers see a difference quite rapidly. (= When customers use this shampoo daily, ...) Having contacted the Sales department, we were told to call Customer Services. (= We contacted the Sales department, ...) Passive participle clauses can be used in simple, continuous or perfect forms. Treated carefully, this product will last for years. Being repaired right outside Buckingham Palace, my Bugatti quickly became a magnet for selfs. Not having been cleaned correctly, the hot tub stopped functioning properly. Note: These participle clauses provide information about the subject in the main clause, so do not usually contain a subject of their own. Reason, condition and result Darticinla clanear can he stead far differant niinnncas.inchiding rasenn_enndlition vr necule