2022 September 7

ARELLANO
UNIVERSITY

Activity Number. 2
PHILOSOPHY

5 examples of statement or article

of fallacy and determine its type
Teacher Student

Rhogen G. Dacles Danilo A. Laraño II

 2022 September 7
ARELLANO
UNIVERSITY

Fallacies used in the Activity

I Ad Baculum

II Ad hominem

5 examples of statement or article

III Appeal to Tradition

of fallacy and determine its type

IV The Fallacy of Composition

V Ad populum

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I AD BACULUM

Ad Baculum - "appeal to force"

Queeny Rose Detic, a woman who asked Mr. Raffy

Tulfo for assistance with her husband, Engr. Eric
Detic who is a non-supporting parent. The Ad
Baclum wa shown when Mrs. Detic attempted to
discuss the reason why she wished to end her
relationship with Engr. Eric, but the family of the man
did not listen. The Family displayed ad baculum the
moment Engr. Detic's Father who was a Chairman,
used His authority.
The Family, instead of addressing the issue, they
used force and abuse authority against Mrs. Queeny
Detic. 2
The story was, They agreed upon delivering Queenie to the Airport
but instead, they used their influence and delivered Her into a
Mental institution.

Injustice was shown in the statement, and Ad Baculum was shown

because instead of addressing the issue, the Detic family used their
influence and attacked the person in a way it did traumatize her, by
bringing her into a mental institution, where Mrs. Detic actually is
not mentally ill in any way.

source: Raffy Tulfo in Action

II AD HOMINEM
Ad hominem - "against the person"
In the same case of Queeny
Rose Datic, the moment when
Queenie and Engr. Datic's
Mother and her nephew had
face to face, Ad hominem was
shown.
Quennie was expressing her
side regarding about the issue of
her being forcefully admitted in
a mental institution even though
she is not suffering from any
mental illness.
But instead of answering
Quenny's accusations, the
elderly nephew was saying,
"wow ang galing mo talagang
gumawa ng kwento" "wow
ang galing mo" "ang sarap mo
talagang gumawa ng kwento"
"teka muna wag ka laging
nakasagot, kapal ng mukha
mo" "may pinag aralan daw
pero bastos" "bat ka nagagalit"
and many more.
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III. APPEAL TO TRADITION

Appeal To Tradition

An example of the fallacy, Appeal to Tradition, is

from the article from WHO or World Health
Organization regarding the female genital
mutilation which has been a practice or tradition
that is very dangerous in Africa.
According to PubMed.gov, Many practitioners of
female genital mutilation believe that the
procedure is dictated by tradition and is necessary
to ensure marriage because men refuse to marry
intact women. It is sometimes stated that the
purpose of female genital mutilation is to control
women's sexuality, and, in some settings, intact
2
women are considered dishonorable prostitutes.
 It is also widely believed that the clitoris connotes maleness and the prepuce of the penis
connotes femaleness. Those who hold these beliefs, therefore, insist that both be
removed before a person is accepted as an adult. It is additionally claimed that female
genitalia are ugly and dirty and must be removed to enhance beauty and cleanliness.
Female genital mutilation is perpetrated because it gives men power over women as a
group.
It is one example of the fallacy appeal to tradition because many people from Africa
accepted this idea because it is part of their tradition, although according to World Health
Organization:
Female genital mutilation (FGM) involves the partial or total removal of external
female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.
The practice has no health benefits for girls and women.
FGM can cause severe bleeding and problems urinating, and later cysts, infections, as
well as complications in childbirth and increased risk of newborn deaths.
More than 200 million girls and women alive today have undergone FGM in 30
countries in Africa, the Middle East and Asia where FGM is practiced(1).
FGM is mostly carried out on young girls between infancy and age 15.
FGM is a violation of the human rights of girls and women.
SOURCE: World Health Organization, PubMed
IV THE FALLACY OF COMPOSITION

The Fallacy of Composition

An example of Fallacy of Composition is a

news from Abs-Cbn way back 2001 by Danilo
Garcia.
Dante Dino, 34, janitor, from Bgy. Mayamot,
Antipolo City, was caught stealing Ventolin
expectorant that costs 130 pesos, he was
imprisoned for qualified theft, and any did
think that he is a bad guy, although syealing
was not right, the only reasin why Dante did
steal was because of his sick 2 year old
daughter.

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 According to the news "Hindi na alam ng isang ama ang gagawin para
maibsan ang sakit ng kanyang anak na maysakit kaya nagawa nitong
magnakaw ng isang botelyang gamot sa ubo kamakalawa ng gabi sa
Mandaluyong City.

This is an illustration of the Fallacy of Composition, as many people think

Dante was a terrible guy even though they are unaware of the circumstances
surrounding his theft.

SOURCE: Abs-Cbn
V AD POPULUM

Ad populum - "appeal to people"

A perfect example of Ad Although it was proven by many medical experts

populum is what i have stated and by the World Health Organization that it has
on Appeal to Tradition, the no health benefits for every women who practices
Female Genital Mutilation. FGM and may even cause severe health problems.
It is a practice on Africa
wherein they believe that every
women must get their Genitalia
mutilated.