CIA 3

TANZANIA & ZIMBABWE

SUBMITTED BY :

HARSHITA (2113045)
KANISHKA GUPTA (2113047)
ANANYA SINGH (2113035)
ZAID ALI HASSAN (2113033)
 Holy Places
in

India
Tanzania
 Mount Kilimanjaro
Mount Kilimanjaro is Africa's highest peak (5,895 m) and Tanzania's most iconic image. Mount

Kilimanjaro National Park, unlike other parks in northern Tanzania, is not visited for the wildlife

but for the chance to stand in awe of this beautiful snow-capped mountain and, for many, to

climb to the summit. Mount Kilimanjaro can be climbed at any time, although the best period is

from late June to October, during the dry season.

Serengeti National Park

Serengeti National Park is a vast treeless plain with millions of animals living here or passing

through in search of fresh grasslands. It's most famous for the annual wildebeest migration but

you can also see the Big Five here, and nearly 500 species of birds have been recorded on the
Tanzania

Serengeti.

Zanzibar Beaches
The island of Zanzibar, also called Unguja, is a major holiday destination in Tanzania and known

for its beautiful beaches. Part of the Zanzibar archipelago, which consists of the islands of

Zanzibar and Pemba, this island has some of the best beaches in the world. The surf varies

depending on what side of the island you are on, but visitors will find soft white sand and clear

shallow water, along with traditional boats lining the shore.

 Ngorongoro Conservation Area
The iconic Ngorongoro Crater is regarded by many as Africa’s lost world filled with dramatic

and jaw-dropping scenery and blessed with tons of prolific and extremely well-habituated

wildlife. The iconic Ngorongoro Crater located in Northern Tanzania, which was once a gigantic

volcano, is the largest intact caldera in the world, surrounded by towering volcanic walls on

every side. Some would go as far as to say that before it erupted, it would have been higher than

the famous Mt Kilimanjaro – the highest peak in Africa. This undoubtedly makes the

Ngorongoro Crater one of the most sought-after destinations to visit and top tourist attraction in

Tanzania, if not Africa.

Lake Manyara National Park

Lake Manyara National Park is located in the Arusha Region and Manyara Region of Tanzania.
Tanzania

Offering a thrilling wilderness experience and diverse habitats, from its Rift Valley soda lake,

forests, and vast grasslands to swamps, dense woodlands and steep mountainsides, Lake

Manyara National Park is both a sought-after safari destination and top tourist attraction in

Tanzania.

Ruaha National Park

Located in the heart of Tanzania, Ruaha National Park is one of the largest national parks in East

Africa and one of Tanzania’s most notorious wilderness areas. The Great Ruaha River is one of

the main features of Ruaha National Park. Attracting an abundance of wildlife, it provides

visitors with ample magnificent up-close wildlife viewing opportunities on the riverbanks. In

addition to the Great Ruaha River, the park boasts vast wild landscapes filled with rocky

escarpments, baobab studded hills, and spectacular gorges.

 Olduvai Gorge
The Olduvai Gorge is an archeological site situated on a series of fault lines, where centuries of

erosion have revealed fossils and remnants of early mankind. As early as 1911, a German

professor found some fossil bones while looking for butterflies in Olduvai Gorge. In a later

expedition, the Leakeys collected skull fragments, a skull, and bones determined to be

approximately 2 million years old. Tools and hunting weapons from 1 to 1.5 million years ago

were also discovered in Olduvai Gorge.

Mafia Island
Mafia Island draws divers and snorkelers from around the world to the undersea world protected

by the Mafia Island Marine Park. The best months for diving are October to March but the best

weather on Mafia Island is May to October. March and April are months of heavy rain.

Stone Town
Stone Town is the cultural heart of Zanzibar and little has changed in the last 200 years. The
Tanzania

grand old Arabian homes lining the narrow streets and winding alleys give the city its own

unique charm. The majority of homes in Stone Town were built in the 19th C when Zanzibar was

one of the most important Swahili trading towns in the Indian Ocean. Visitors will notice the

bras-studded, intricately carved wooden doors on many of the houses

Selous Game Reserve

Selous is the largest game reserve in Africa. Established in 1922, it covers 5% of Tanzania's total

area. The southern area is a forbidden zone that is undeveloped, heavily forested, and contains a

series of steep cliffs. Travelers are limited to the area north of the Rufiji River. This area of the

Selous Game Reserve has large open grassland, woodlands, rivers, hills and plains. The best time

to visit is July through October.

 Language
Culture of Tanzania Tanzanians speak more than 120 different languages, the

majority of which are Bantu-based. After gaining

independence, the government realised that this posed a

With more than 120 tribes, Tanzanian culture is a beautiful fusion of
influences. One of the nations with the broadest cultural diversity is Tanzania. challenge to maintaining national unity and designated
From the tall, graceful Maasai warriors to the Hadza bushmen's traditional Swahili as the official language. To increase its use, the
traditions, the Wameru's inventive agricultural methods, the Makonde's artistic
prowess, and the Chaga farmers and traders. Tanzania is made up of 120 government implemented it in all primary schools.
separate tribes, each with its own unique way of life, but they delicately come
Culture of Tanzania

together to make Tanzania.

One of the top 10 world languages is kiswahili. Along with

Kenya, Uganda, the DRC Congo, Zambia, Malawi, and

Mozambique, to name a few, it is now also utilised in

Tanzania.

Kiswahili is also taught in universities around the world

such as; Harvard, Oxford, Yale, Cambridge, Colombia,

Georgetown, George Washington, Princeton and many

more
 Food Beverages
Tanzanian food is distinctive and incredibly diverse. Native drinks include chai (tea), which is

typically consumed with chapati, maadazi,

Foods that are less spicy can be found as you move mkate (breads), ugali, and/or mayai for

inland, including Wali (rice), Ugali, Chapati (a bread), breakfast (eggs). Coffee is a different type of

beverage.
Culture of Tanzania

Kuku Choma (grilled chicken), Nyama Choma (grilled

meat), Nyama pori (wild/bush meat that is either sun

Some regions and tribes have their own native
dried, grilled, or cooked), Kiti Moto (grill pork),
beverages. Mnazi/Tembo (coastal region),
Mishikaki (skewed meat), Samaki (fish), Ndizi
Mbege (Kilimanjaro region), Wanzuki, and
(plants/bananas), Bamia (okra)
Gongo are among them.

Famous Snacks include; Maandazi (bread-like rolls), Tanzania produces a variety of beers, wines, and

Visheti, Kashata (coconut or groundnuts rolls), Kabab, spirits as well. These include Banana Wine,

Sambusa (Samosa), Mkate wa kumimina, Vileja, Konyagi, Kilimanjaro Beer, Safarai Beer, and

many others.
Vitumbua (rice cakes), Bagia, Firigisi (grilled gizzards),

Tende (dates), Korosho, karanga (groundnuts), Daga

(fried nut-sized fish), Senene (pan grilled grasshoppers),

kumbikumbi (pan grilled ...) many others.

 Music
- "Mungu Ibariki Afrika" (God Bless Africa), the national song of Tanzania, was written

by South African musician Enock Sontonga. The song serves as both Malawi's and

South Africa's national anthem.

Tanzania's music business has developed over the years. Due to Tanzania's blending of
Culture of Tanzania

diverse cultures, local music is evolving into new music that combines old, new, and

foreign sounds and rhythms.

The top musicians in Eastern Africa come from Tanzania. Remy Ongala, Dionys

Mbilinyi, Sabinus Komba, Siti binti Saad, Bi Kidude, Saida Karoli, Hukwe Zawose

Nasibu Mwanukuzi aka Ras Nas, Jah Kimbuteh, and a host of other great musicians are

among them.

African hip hop, Bolingo, and Reggae, some of these traditional music genres have

been integrated with exported music. Ngoma, marimba, coconut shell fiddles, Filimbi

(wooden or bone whistles), and traditional trumpets made of ivory or bull/buffalo

horns are examples of traditional musical instruments.

 Climate
• Tanzania has a generally comfortable climate year-round, although there are

significant regional variations. The tropical coast stays quite hot and humid with heavy

and reliable rainfall, especially during the rainy season. The central plateau is cooler

and arid. There are two rainy seasons—the heaviest rains (called Masika) usually fall

from mid-March to May, and a shorter period of rain (called vuli) occurs from

November to mid-January. The dry season, with cooler temperatures, lasts from May
Climate of Tanzania

to October.

•Along the coast and in the offshore islands of Tanzania, the average temperature

ranges between 27°C and 29°C, while in the central, northern, and western parts

temperatures range between 20°C and 30°C.

• Temperatures are higher between December and March, and coolest between June

and July. The long rains begin in March and end in May, while the short rains begin in

October and continue to early December.

• In general, annual rainfall varies from 550 mm in the central part of the country up

to 3690 mm in some parts of the southwestern highlands.

 Economy
Is Tanzania a rich country?

•Tanzania has achieved high growth rates based on its vast natural resource wealth and tourism with GDP

growth in 2009-17 averaging 6%-7% per year.

•Tanzania has largely completed its transition to a market economy, though the government retains a

presence in sectors such as telecommunications, banking, energy, and mining.

Economy of Tanzania

•The economy depends on agriculture, which accounts for slightly less than one-quarter of GDP and

employs about 65% of the work force, although gold production in recent years has increased to about 35% of

exports.

•The World Bank, the IMF, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's aging

infrastructure, including rail and port, which provide important trade links for inland countries.

•In 2013, Tanzania completed the world's largest Millennium Challenge Compact (MCC) grant, worth $698

million, but in late 2015, the MCC Board of Directors deferred a decision to renew Tanzania’s eligibility

because of irregularities in voting in Zanzibar and concerns over the government's use of a controversial

cybercrime bill.

•The new government elected in 2015 has developed an ambitious development agenda focused on

creating a better business environment through improved infrastructure, access to financing, and education

progress, but implementing budgets remains challenging for the government. Recent policy moves by

President MAGUFULI are aimed at protecting domestic industry and have caused concern among foreign

investors.
 Holy Places

Zimbabwe
in

India
Tanzania
 Harare
Nestled in the north-eastern part of Zimbabwe in the Mashonaland region, Harare is one of the

scenic cities. Being the capital, it is one of the lovely places to visit in Zimbabwe. Until 1982,

this city was known by the name Salisbury but was rechristened as Harare on the 2nd

Zimbabwean Independence Day.

Bulawayo
In the Matabeleland Region, Bulawayo is one of the popular Zimbabwe tourist places. Since the

start, it has been the principal industrial hub of Zimbabwe.

Kwekwe
I
Zimbabwe

n the Midlands Province, Kweku is one of the centrally located places in Zimbabwe and was

established in 1898. Until 1982, it was known as Que Que. In today's era, it is a significant centre

of trade and commerce in the country.

Masvingo
In south-eastern Zimbabwe, Masvingo was originally known as Fort Victoria. Thereafter, it was

known as Nyanda for a short span and was finally named Masvingo. It is one of the notable

Zimbabwe tourist places and is located close to Great Zimbabwe and Lake Mutirikwi
 Nesbitt Castle
Located in the leafy suburbs of Bulawayo, it is a boutique hotel as well as wedding venue that is

famed for its upscale offering. You will get to relish top class hospitality and super comfortable

modern amenities. The warmth and graciousness of this place will definitely make you its fan.

Hwange National Park:

Inaugurated in 1928, Hwange National Park is the largest National Park in Zimbabwe.

Undoubtedly, it is one of the best places in Zimbabwe because it is home to species like Cape

Wild Dogs, Spotted Hyena, Elephants, African Leopard, Cheetah, Yellow-billed Kite, Martial

Eagle and Kori Bustard reside here.

Mana Pools National Park

Zimbabwe

One of the fascinating places to visit in Zimbabwe, Mana Pools

National Park is a well-known Wildlife Park. It is home to species like Hippopotami,

Crocodiles, Zebra, Elephant, Lion, Cheetah, Leopard and the Brown Hyena. Besides, it is also

recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site

 Marondera
In Mashonaland East, Marondera is one of the chief places in Zimbabwe. Until 1982, it was

known by the name Marandellas. The city is multi-cultural and is home to people from different

ethnic groups. Marondera is also home to several educational institutions.

Victoria Falls
On the Zambezi River, Victoria Falls is one of the eminent Zimbabwe tourist places. Cascading

from a height of 354 feet, it is one of the largest waterfalls in the world and is home to many

unique species of plants and animals.

Great Zimbabwe National

Zimbabwe

Monument
A reputable UNESCO World Heritage Site in the southern part of the country, Great Zimbabwe

National Monument is one of the unmissable places in Zimbabwe. The Stone Works which

dates back to the 11th - 15th centuries are truly impressive.

 Ethnic Groups and Languages
Culture of Zimbabwe
At almost 80%, the Shona make up the majority of the population.

Six major clans make up their traditional regional clan structure:

the Manyika, the Ndau, the Zezuru, the Karanga, the Korekore, and
The Shona people, the majority of whom are Christians, make up the majority the Rozvi.
of the population. The nation also boasts a wide variety of languages,
communities, religious views, and customs. Under the influence of British
colonialism, technology, and current social forces, Zimbabwe's dominant These categories are created based on shared language and cultural
culture has undergone significant transformation from its historic form.
traits. The Ndebele and Kalanga are the two largest tribal tribes
Although some rural Zimbabweans still follow and uphold traditional rituals
Culture of Zimbabwe

and beliefs, they make up a relatively tiny proportion of the population. within the Ndebele, who make up about 14% of the population.

Most Zimbabweans are able to communicate in a native Bantu

language, with Shona being the most common.

The four primary Shona dialects—Zezuru, Kalanga, Manyika, and

Ndau—share a common vocabulary as well as tonal and syntactic

characteristics. However, English is employed in higher education,

government, and administration. As a result, many Zimbabweans

are also fluent in English.

Urban Zimbabweans can typically switch between Shona and

English with ease.

 Social Hierarchy
In Zimbabwe, there is a strong cultural hierarchy of respect based

on age that influences every interaction. Older people are thought

to be better, smarter, and more knowledgeable. As a result, elders

Culture of Zimbabwe

should be treated with greater respect. It is anticipated that one will

never disagree with them, debate them, or respond to them. Expect

some age-based segregation in social contexts, with kids being

notably removed from jokes and "adult conversations."

Because of the stark inequalities in socioeconomic classes,

Zimbabweans tend to be status-conscious. People frequently flaunt

their wealth and are highly proud of their accomplishments. When

someone is complimented on their riches, they are more likely to

feel confident than uncomfortable. A social indicator of who is

poor, who works in agriculture and lives in rural areas, and who

lives in cities can be found in how people dress and what they eat.
 Traditional Customs
Tribes and communities in Zimbabwe have historically been communal. People

frequently put the interests of their family or group before their own, and in

exchange they get support, safety, and a sense of belonging. Zimbabwean

folklore and storytelling have a rich history that gives each generation a sense of

connection to their past and ancestors. Communities can all agree on the

beginnings of their group thanks to these stories. Theatre and musical

performances may be included in storytelling events.

Culture of Zimbabwe

Zimbabwean culture also places a lot of emphasis on music and dancing. The

distinctive traditional sounds, rhythms, and instruments reflect the vibrancy,

ingenuity, enthusiasm, and joy of the Zimbabwean people.

Zimbabwe is home to a wide variety of rituals and ceremonial customs. Some are

unique to particular tribes, while others are more commonly used. Many have to

do with commemorating significant events in people's lives, such marriage, the

installation of chiefs, or the circumcision ritual that ushers a boy into manhood.

Traditional rituals, festivals, and celebrations sometimes include making

offerings to the spirit world and communicating with it.

.
 Climate
•The country experiences its rainy season along with relatively high temperatures

from October to March; and it encounters dry seasons with low temperatures from

June to August. After the dry and cold season, the average temperature of the country

ranges between 15°C and 25°C, for the latest climatology, 1991 – 2020.
Climate of Zimbabwe

•Zimbabwe tends to receive less than average rainfall during the warm phase of

ENSO (or El Niño) during the rainy season from October to March; and it often

experiences more than average rainfall during the cool phase of ENSO (or La Nina)

also during the rainy season.

•Zimbabwe enjoys a lovely, temperate climate. The central highveld plateau has

temperatures up to 28°C/82°F. Lower-lying parks such as Hwange and Zambezi NP are

warmer year-round. Mana Pools, Matusadona and Gonarezhou are even lower and get

hot, with temperatures soaring to 35°C/95°.

 Economy
Is Zimbabwe a rich country?

•Zimbabwe's economy depends heavily on its mining and agriculture sectors.

Following a contraction from 1998 to 2008, the economy recorded real growth of more

than 10% per year in the period 2010-13, before falling below 3% in the period 2014-17, due

to poor harvests, low diamond revenues, and decreased investment.

Economy of Zimbabwe

• Lower mineral prices, infrastructure and regulatory deficiencies, a poor investment

climate, a large public and external debt burden, and extremely high government wage

expenses impede the country’s economic performance.

•In January 2015, as part of the government’s effort to boost trade and attract foreign

investment, the RBZ announced that the Chinese renmimbi, Indian rupee, Australian

dollar, and Japanese yen would be accepted as legal tender in Zimbabwe, though

transactions were predominantly carried out in US dollars and South African rand until

2016, when the rand’s devaluation and instability led to near-exclusive use of the US dollar.

• International financial institutions want Zimbabwe to implement significant fiscal and

structural reforms before granting new loans. Foreign and domestic investment continues

to be hindered by the lack of land tenure and titling, the inability to repatriate dividends to

investors overseas, and the lack of clarity regarding the government’s Indigenization and

Economic Empowerment Act.