CHAPTER III

Results and Discussion

Table 1. Recorded weight of 18 coins in grams

Coin No. Mass (g)

1 2.55
2 2.55 Table 1 shows the collected data in terms of the weight of
18 coins that were manufactured from the same year. Using the
3 2.55 same data, we are to conduct the Q-test and solve for some
4 2.51 statistical parameters such as the mean, median, range, average
deviation, relative average deviation, standard deviation, and
5 2.57
relative standard deviation.
6 2.51 The Q-test was performed for the both lowest and highest
7 2.55 values of the data set;
8 2.48
9 2.52 Q-Test:
10 2.57 Lowest Value = 2.48
11 2.50 Qcalc = |2.49-2.48| / 2.57-2.48 = 0.111
12 2.50 Since the result of the Q-test for the value 2.48 is 0.111, which is
less than 0.424 (Qtable = 0.424 when N=18), this means that the
13 2.54 suspect datum cannot be rejected.
14 2.56
15 2.53 Highest Value = 2.57
16 2.51 Qcalc = |2.57-2.56| / 2.57-2.48 = 0.111
17 2.49 Since the result of the Q-test for the value 2.57 is 0.111, which is
18 2.53 less than 0.424 (Qtable = 0.424 when N=18), this means the
highest value cannot also be rejected.

Since both the highest and lowest values cannot be rejected based on the Q-test,
we can use all the data that we collected in solving for the statistical parameters.
 Statistical Parameters
Table 2 Arranged data from lowest to highest

2.48 2.4 2.50 2.5 2.51 2.5 2.51 2.5 2.53 2.53 2.5 2.55 2.5 2.55 2.5 2.56 2.5 2.57
9 0 1 2 4 5 5 7

A. Mean

mean = (2.48 + 2.49 + 2.50 + 2.50 + 2.51 + 2.51 + 2.51 + 2.52 + 2.53 + 2.53 + 2.54 +
2.55 + 2.55 + 2.55 + 2.55 + 2.56 + 2.57 + 2.57) / 18
= 45.52g / 18
=2.53g

The average of all the values in the data set is 2.53g.

B. Median

median = (2.53 + 2.53) / 2 = 2.53g

C. Range

R = 2.57g – 2.48g = 0.09g

D. Average Deviation

d1 = |2.53 – 2.48| = 0.05

d2 = |2.53 – 2.49| = 0.04
d3 = |2.53 – 2.50| = 0.03
d4 = |2.53 – 2.50| = 0.03
d5 = |2.53 – 2.51| = 0.02
d6 = |2.53 – 2.51| = 0.02
d7 = |2.53 – 2.51| = 0.02
d8 = |2.53 – 2.52| = 0.01
d9 = |2.53 – 2.53| = 0.00
d10 = |2.53 – 2.53| = 0.00
d11 = |2.53 – 2.54| = 0.01
d12 = |2.53 – 2.55| = 0.02
d13 = |2.53 – 2.55| = 0.02
d14 = |2.53 – 2.55| = 0.02
d15 = |2.53 – 2.55| = 0.02
d16 = |2.53 – 2.56| = 0.03
d17 = |2.53 – 2.57| = 0.04
d18 = |2.53 – 2.57| = 0.04

Average deviation = 0.42/18 = 0.023

E. Relative Average Deviation

RAD = 0.023/2.53 = 0.0091

F. Standard Deviation

d1 = (0.05)2 = 0.0025
d2 = (0.04)2 = 0.0016
d3 = (0.03)2 = 0.0009
d4 = (0.03)2 = 0.0009
d5 = (0.02)2 = 0.0004
d6 = (0.02)2 = 0.0004
d7 = (0.02)2 = 0.0004
d8 = (0.01)2 = 0.0001
d9 = (0.00)2 = 0
d10 = (0.00)2 = 0
d11 = (0.01)2 = 0.0001
d12 = (0.02)2 = 0.0004
d13 = (0.02)2 = 0.0004
d14 = (0.02)2 = 0.0004
d15 = (0.02)2 = 0.0004
d16 = (0.03)2 = 0.0009
d17 = (0.04)2 = 0.0016
d18 = (0.04)2 = 0.0016

s = 0.013/17 = 0.028

G. Relative Standard Deviation

RSD = 0.028/2.53 = 0.0111 or 11.1 ppt

Above are the statistical parameters derived from the data that were collected on
weighing the pennies. Since both highest and lowest values were not rejected based on
the Q-test, all the values in the data set were used in solving for the statistical parameters.
To sum it up, the calculated mean is 2.53 grams; the median is also 2.53 grams; the
Range is 0.09 grams; the average deviation is 0.023; while the relative average deviation
is 0.0091; the standard deviation is 0.028; and the relative standard deviation is 0.0111 or
11.1 parts per thousand.