Solar Energy System GSK JPA – Minimum requirements for quotation

INTRODUCTION

GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Jacarepaguá identified the opportunity to deploy Solar Photovoltaic (PV)
systems to reduce its energy costs and CO2 emissions.

With the technological advancements, price reductions and extensive deployment over the last
few years have made solar PV a competitive and mature technology capable of delivering
attractive cost savings and sustainability benefits to the GSK JPA site.

The purpose of this document is to provide a standard and the minimum requirements to get a
quotation from potential suppliers to install a Solar Photovoltaic (PV) system in our site.

This document describes what key components to use, what functional requirements to expect
from a quality PV system, and what questions should be responded by the potential PV suppliers.
STRUCTURE

Part A—system specification: recommended technologies, panel manufacturers, electrical

components and insurance & warranties requirements.

Part B—site features: address, location coordinates, site plan, roof characteristics, electrical
supply, electricity costs and consumption, etc.

Part C—contractor checklist: overview of all technical elements to consider prior to budget
approval.

As an example, a schematic diagram of the elements in a PV system and where their specification
or guidance is found in the document can be seen below.

Figure 1: Solar PV systems schematic

PART A. SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

By following this specification, GSK JPA is confident that an adequate system will be in place. But
the specification will not replace a design optimisation process, which should be carried out by
the potential suppliers and approved by GSK engineering staff.

Specifications will be available for the system’s key components; panels and the electric balance
of system. This section also prescribes the minimum requirements surrounding insurance and
warranties.

A.1 Solar Panels (c-Si)

The table below shows the specifications for the actual PV panels approved by GSK JPA

Characteristic Specification
Type of Photovoltaic Material Crystalline Silicon (c-Si)
Manufacturer Tier 1
Year of Manufacture Previous 3 Years
Warranty ≥ 80%, by year 25
Table 1: Specifications for Solar Panels

All characteristics are explained below:

A.1.1 Technology

• The specified PV technology to be used by GSK JPA was defined as Crystalline Silicon (c-
Si);
• Monocrystalline (mono-Si) panels are the first preference. Mono-Si panels are the most
efficient type of c-Si panels, but these tend to be more expensive than polycrystalline
(poly-Si). Other key differences are the speed at which efficiency degrades over the
years, and the amount of square footage needed on site per MWp installed capacity,
both of which are better for mono-Si.
Note 1:

Mono-Si panels tend to be more expensive than polycrystalline (poly-Si). If necessary, the
potential suppliers should compare panels from both technologies and multiple Tier 1
manufacturers to demonstrate the difference between savings, initial investments and other
key points.

A.1.2 Manufacturer

GSK JPA believes that as important as the choice of technology is working with a tier 1 solar PV
manufacturer. Whilst there is no definitive list of tier 1 suppliers, as a variety of organizations
publish and continuously update such a list, the companies below have been classified as tier 1
for multiple years now.

Tier 1 Manufacturers
Canadian Solar LONGi Solar
Jinko Solar SunPower
Trina Solar Risen
JA Solar Yingli Green
First Solar Hanwha Q Cells

Table 2: Tier 1 PV panel manufacturers, February 2018 (Bloomberg New Energy Finance; PV tech; Roth Capital
Partners)

Note 2:

Canadian Solar, JinkoSolar and Trina Solar have been dominating the PV market for years and
have the largest global footprint of the tier 1 manufacturers, with marketing and sales channels
in most end-markets. These are the GSK JPA first preference.

The expected panel performance for any Tier 1 PV panel should be guaranteed by a
manufacturer’s warranty
o At minimum 90% of rated output by year 10, and 80% by year 25
A.1.3 Key Metrics

Whilst using tier 1 panel manufacturers should ensure value over the long term, the minimum
requirements for several key metrics should be complied.

Metric Specification
Install. year Mono-Si Poly-Si
2018: ≥ 17.5% ≥16.4%
Rated Efficiency (STC) 2019: ≥ 17.9% ≥ 17.0%
2020: ≥ 18.1% ≥ 17.1%
Beyond 2020: ≥ 18.2% ≥ 17.2%
Temperature Coefficient (Pmax) ≥ -0.4%/°C (mono-Si), ≥ -0.43%/°C (poly-Si)
NOCT/NMOT ≤47°C
Table 3: Recommended metric limits for solar panels (figures in italics are estimated in Q2 2018)

The specified STC efficiency limits beyond 2018 have been extrapolated from a data base
containing over 10,000 commercially available panels. Approximately 25% of manufactured
panels are expected to meet the specified requirements.

Standard Testing Conditions refer to a fixed set of laboratory conditions under which all solar
panels are tested.

Nominal Operating Cell Temperature (NOCT) refers to the measured operational temperature
of the panel under a predetermined ambient temperature, irradiation and wind speed. A lowed
NOCT is favoured, the cell temperature being lower under these standardised conditions. Some
manufacturers are reporting under a new standard, the Nominal Module Operating
Temperature (NMOT). GSK can compare NOCT and NMOT directly, while the industry migrates
to NMOT.

The Temperature Coefficient refers to the reduction in efficiency with each °C increase in cell
temperature (not ambient temperature), as compared to STC.
 A.2 Balance of System (BOS) - Electronic Components

The electronic components used in the system can account for up to ~15% of total losses. Using
the right and optimally sized equipment can have a major impact on overall performance.

This specification provides the desired requirements for the electrical elements to ensure
efficient and safe operation of the PV system. All these elements will need to be considered by
the potential PV supplier - table A4 below serves as a point of reference.

Characteristic Specification
1. Inverter
Manufacture In table 5
Warranty ≥ 8 years
Maximum Power Point Tracking Required
Inverter CEC Efficiency ≥ 96%
DC/AC Ratio 1.1 – 1.3 (optimise)
Anti-Islanding (G83/G59 protection) Required
DC Isolator Required
2. Optimisers
Manufacturer Tigo/Maxim/SolarEdge
For Roof-mounted Recommended
For Land-mounted Not applicable to the GSK JPA project
Micro-inverters (distributed) Not Recommended (exclusive with optimisers)
3. Cables
DC Cable Type Specially Designed “PV Cables”
Applicable Standard (e.g. BS 7671 in UK –
Cable Sizing
NBR5410 in BR)
DC and AC Cables Max Voltage Drop 3%
DC String and Main Cable Voltage Rating ≥ M x Voc x 1.2*
DC String Cables Current Rating ≥ (N-1)x Isc x 1.35**
DC Main Cable Rating ≥ N x Isc x 1.35
Cable tray and enclosure Required
4. System
DC Elements’ ‘Max Voltage Rating’ ≥ Voc x 1.2
DC Elements’ ‘Max Current Rating’ ≥ Isc x 1.35
String Fuses Required***
Overcurrent Protection Required
Surge Protection (DC and AC) Required
Plugs and Socket Connectors Required (MC4 compliant)
Arc Fault Detection Required
DC Junction Box (Labelled) Required (IP 67 rated)
DC Array Switch Disconnector Required
AC Isolator Required (G83/G59 compliant)
Distribution Board Required
Applicable Standard (e.g. BS7671 P.7-712 for PV in UK
General Safety Standards
and NBR 16690 for PV in BR)
Applicable Standard (e.g. BS EN 62305 in UK –
Lightning Protection
NBR5419 e NBR5410 in BR)
Earthing/Bonding of system Required
Generation Meter with Power Display Required
Only if exporting and >30 kWp
Export Meter Approved by local DNO (MID 2014/32/EU in EU –
ELETROBRAS MPN-DC-01/N-006 in BR)
Table 4: Specifications for electronic components

* M stands for the number of panels connected in series in each string and N for the number of strings
connected in parallel per inverter.
* Multiplication factor (1.2) is based on extreme low temperature conditions. Warmer sites could use
lower multiplication factors, provided calculations are done by potential suppliers.
** Multiplication factor (1.35) is based on extreme warm temperature conditions. Colder sites could use
lower multiplication factors, provided calculations are done by potential suppliers.
*** Needed only when the maximum current (i.e. the product of the short circuit current of the panels
and the number of strings minus one (N – 1) × Isc) exceeds the module’s maximum series fuse rating

Top Manufacturers
GSK preferred supplier: Schneider Electric
SMA Solectria Renewables
ABB Schneider Electric
Advanced Energy Power Electronics
Enphase Energy TIMEIC
SolarEdge Technologies Fronius
Huawei Sungrow
Sineg TBEA
Bonfiglioli Riduttori Eaton
Emerson GE
Mitsubishi Electric Omron
Proinso Riello
Siemens TDK
Toshiba Zeversolar
Table 5: Biggest global inverter manufacturers
Optimisers and micro-inverters:

Both DC optimisers and DC to AC micro-inverters address the problems associated with shading,
soiling and panel degradation, hence they are mutually exclusive. GSK should prefer the use of
optimisers over micro-inverters due to lower capital costs (including the string inverters still
needed with optimisers) and reduced component failure. Additionally, some manufacturers are
supplying modules with built-in optimisers, which provides better product support for GSK.

Staged implementation:

It´s possible the GSK JPA site envisions to roll out additional Solar PV in different phases. The
decision about to oversizing inverters and/or the grid connection should be discussed between
engineering team and potential suppliers. For inverters we not believe there to be much benefit,
once decreased efficiencies – due to lower loading before future roll out of additional panels—
and the cost of upfront capital are considered. For the grid connection will be recommend a
tailored study which incorporates site specifics and the roll out strategy.

A.3 Balance of System (BOS) – Structure and Mounting

The optimal mounting system should be determined by the potential supplier, after carrying a
structural survey for roof mounted systems.

To allow for standardisation across GSK sites and increase the roll-out speed of PV systems, some
characteristics for the mounting structures will be specified in table A5. This specification still
needs to allow for site-specific conditions to be considered when choosing the type of mounting.

Roof-Mounted Systems:

The main consideration for roof mounted systems will be protecting the existent waterproofing.
This is done ideally by avoiding penetration, which might damage or make the waterproofing’s
warranty void. This can be achieved by using ballasted systems, which will weigh the mounting
to the roof without any anchoring. This can only be implemented on flat roofs able to withstand
the additional load. Tilted roofs will require other types of anchoring and fixing.
 Note 3:

The potential suppliers should provide detailed information about the structure, mounting. (i.e.
total weight, weight/m², material, fasteners, point load, etc.).

Note 4:

The potential suppliers should provide detailed information about the system connection to the
grid. Please verify voltages information in table 8, subitem Electrical Supply.

Characteristic Specification
1. Roof-Mounted
Aluminium* / Plastic
Material
Stainless Steel clamps
Tracking Type Fixed (no tracking)
Flat roofs Ballasted (if structurally possible)
Tilted Roofs
- Tiled Roofs Fasteners (non-penetrative)
- Metal Roof (standing seam) Clamped (non-penetrative)
- Metal Roof (trapezoidal profile) Riveted (penetrative)
2. Ground-Mounted
N/A
3. Canopy (car park)
N/A
Table 6: Structure and mounting specifications

A.4 Insurance and Warranties

Characteristic Specification
1. Equipment
Solar Panels ≥ 90% year 10, 80% year 25
Inverter ≥ 8 years
Optimisers ≥ 15 years
Mounting (materials) ≥ 10 years
Cables ≥ 5 years
2. Developer
Workmanship ≥ 1 year
3. Life Cycle Costing – LCC (should be detailed by potential suppliers)
Purchase The purchase price
Installation Additional spend (i.e. delivery, set up, etc.)
Operating Supplies over the course of its useful life
Maintenance Maintenance costs (i.e. spare parts, man power, system stops, etc.)
Financing If applicable (i.e. interest rate)
Depreciation The value it will lose by each year (consider the efficiency loss too).
Disposal Estimate costs to remove the system from our business
Table 7: Typical Insurance and LCC

Note 5:

All maintenance activities and their frequency must be detailed in an O&M document.
PART B. SITE FEATURES
Item Information Response
Site Address Site name(s) GSK Jacarepaguá

Address Estrada dos Bandeirantes, 8464 Jacarepaguá - Rio de

Janeiro
Postcode/ZIP 22783 110 RJ, Brazil

Site location Co- Longitude -43.415308

ordinates
Latitude -22.9722627
(decimal format)

Site Plans Most recent site plans It will be attached (e-mail) or the best way to transfer
them to you.

Site Available roof areas for PV Please, see the site plan and its comments (Figure 7).
characterisation installation

Plans for buildings that may There aren’t plans to demolish buildings in the next
be demolished years.

Plans for new buildings/other There aren’t plans to build new buildings in the next
obstructions to be built on years.
site

Location of electricity Please, see the site plan and its comments (Figure 2).
substation

General site obstructions –
overhead power lines, street
lights, trees, phone lines etc.
Trees – estimation of the
height of the trees around the
site
Roof Roof construction types for
characteristics available areas. Provide
photographs and structural
drawings
JPA site has a good accessibility and is easy to move and
carrying loads at site.
It has the same or lower buildings heights, but it’s away
from about 30 meters and there won't problems with
tree shadow.
All trees around the site have low or no impact on the
areas (shadows). Roofs and ground area available have
solar incidence all day long (sunrise => sunset).
Please, see pictures at the end document and the follow
documents:
- CONSID MANUAL TÉCNICO.PDF
- PLANTA DE COBERTURA – DEP/CEP
- PLANTA DE COBERTURA – COM/SU/LIQ
- PLANTA DE COBERTURA – VES
- PLANTA DE COBERTURA – AER/CRE/LES
- SECUNDÁRIA – TELHADO

CONSID MANUAL
TÉCNICO.pdf

Roof materials Prestressed concrete.

Item Information
Roof age and condition
Roof – flat or pitched (provide
angle if appropriate)
Roof lights – number and
location marked on plan
Roof mounted plant – provide
photographs and details of
the plant
Roof dimensions
Concrete apexes – provide
the number of apexes on the
roof designated for PV
Concrete apex dimensions –
provide the dimensions a-g
and the angle of the pitch i
and j provided in the sketch
on page 9
Concrete apexes – can the
concrete be penetrated in
order to fix to the beams?
Cables across roof – provide
details on the purpose of the
cables on the roof surface
Maximum roof loadings
Roof access – short
description of access for roof
top plant and mark areas
required for access on plan
Electrical Supply Voltages & phases
Any planned upgrade
programmes to the electrical
supply
Response
23 years old in good conditions.
- Roof has a W format (W tiles). Please, see
pictures at the end document and CONSID
MANUAL TÉCNICO.PDF file (tile W-35 model,
see page 13).
There aren’t roof lights.
Available in photographs 3 – 6 at Detailing of roof
constructive characteristics and CONSID MANUAL
TÉCNICO.PDF file.
Height of the plant space => 8.763 m (by Google Maps
Find Altitude)
Roof area available=> 7.300 m² (approximately)
Available in CONSID MANUAL TÉCNICO.PDF file
Available in CONSID MANUAL TÉCNICO.PDF file and
figure 2
Yes, but at specific points.
There aren’t cables across the roof, but as you can see in
pictures, there is a Faraday cage system mounted in
roof. See pictures 3 and 4
Standard overload:
Accidental: 30 Kgf/m²
Other: 20 Kgf/m² (electrical installations)
Details available in CONSID MANUAL TÉCNICO.PDF
Easy way by stairs.
- 13,8 kV - Supply by the concessionaire
- 380V (03 phases) after substations
No.
Item Information Response
Please supply electrical Please, see 887-GER-610-003 Rev.11.dwg and 887-GER-
schematic for the site 610-100 REV.7.dwg files.

887-GER-610-003 887-GER-610-100
Rev.11.pdf REV.7.pdf

Electrical rooms Two substations and one cabin entrance marked in

figure 7

Electricity supplier and Light (local supplier).

network operator details

Electricity cost Per kWh See explanation in Details of any variation...

(utility)
Annual cost & kWh 2021 => 13.457.247 Kwh

With all taxes recoveries included the energy cost is:

Distribution Cost - R$ 4.421.586

Energy Cost (Free Market) – R$ 2.381.333

Details of any tariff variation Distribution:

(e.g. summer/winter or
day/night/peak tariffs)
Peak time (Monday at Friday => 05:30 PM at 08:30 PM) =
R$ 1,67/kWh
Off Peak Time = R$ 0,23/kWh
Fixed Demand = R$ 34,43/kWh (contracted demand =
3100 kW)
Energy Cost (Free Market) – R$0,23/kWh

*Any tax recovery was considered above.

GSK – JPA Average Energy cost with all tax recoveries is

R$0,57.

For the next years we have this projection of increases:

2022 – R$0,65

2023 – R$0,69

2024 – R$0,73
On-Site Details of any other electricity Generator, only emergency (600 kVA).
Electricity generated on site (e.g. diesel
generation generator) including cost of
fuel

Carbon footprint Site’s carbon footprint (CO2 2021 => 2.683 tonnes CO2
tonnes/yr)

Breakdown by use (if 2021=> Electricity = 1.583 tonnes CO2 and Natural Gas =
available) 1100 tonnes CO2
Item Information Response
Financial Feed in tariffs
Incentives *
Grants
Suppliers
Tax credits
response:
Carbon tax credits
Please provide
details of known
renewable
energy incentives
such as if
applicable
Site Contact Name Felipe Simões
details
Position Engineering Analyst

E-mail address Felipe.x.simoes@gsk.com

Telephone +55 21 9 8403-8610

Table 8: Site Features

B.1 Structure Detail

All roof specifications and details are in CONSID MANUAL TÉCNICO.PDF. A dimension resume
can be viewed as bellow.

Figure 2 – Roof layout

Roof Dimensions

A – 0.30 m
B – 0.37 m
C – 0.93 m
D - 0.32 m
E – 0.29 m
F – 0.57 m
G – 0.93 m
H – 1.56 m
Figure 3 – Roof sample 1

Figure 4 – Roof Sample 2

Figure 5 – Roof Sample 3

Figure 6 – Roof Sample 4

B.2 AVAIABLE AREA

General details

Figure 7 – GSK JPA SITE

LEGEND

List of Buildings

1. Warehouse: Available for PV installation;

2. Productive Areas: available for PV installation;

3. Solvent store: Unavailable for PV installation at this moment;

4. ADM3: Unavailable for PV installation;

5. Canteen: Unavailable for PV installation;

6. ADM2: Unavailable for PV installation;

 7. Maintenance and Oral Liquids Buildings: Shadow Risk, aprox. 3,5m lower height than
adjacent buildings;

Additional features

8. Substations locations – Utilities and Change Room;

9. Power Supply Cabin Entrance;

10. Site perimeter fence.

RESUME

Area available considering only blue area – 7.300m2

Area in Orange is current Solar Panels installed Phase 1.

For more details related to size area view the files attached.
 PART C. CONTRACTOR CHECKLIST
Table 9 contains a checklist of design criteria which should be satisfied by a proposed solar PV
system at GSK JPA site. All those items will be verified by our engineering department and any
no conformity will be characterized as a no conformity and will be reviewed.

Solar PV Design Checklist Checked

1. Panel selection
Does the panel meet minimum performance requirements on efficiency,
temperature coefficient and NOCT?
Is panel manufacturer Tier 1 classified?
Does manufacturer’s performance warranty meet the minimum
requirement?
Does the selected panel comply with international standards (IEC
61215/61646/61730)?
2. Array design
Has an array location been designated?
Have land clearance requirements been assessed?
Has the array sizing been based on either site electrical baseload or
available space?
Is the Ground Coverage Ratio of the system within expected limits and
shading between solar panels modelled?
Has the orientation (azimuth) of the system been specified?
Is the orientation within ± 90° of South in the Northern
hemisphere/North in Southern hemisphere?
Has the panel tilt been optimised?
Is the tilt in the range expected for the region of installation?
Has a single-axis tracking system been considered for systems greater
than 500 kWp?
Has a shading survey been performed for the designated array location?
Have optimisers been included for roof-mounted installations and
considered for ground-mounted installations?
3. Structural design
For rooftop systems, has a structural survey of the roof structure been
performed?
Have code-compliant maximum allowable dead load and live load
calculations been performed?
Do these calculations include snow loads where relevant?
Have calculations covered structural members, fastenings and existing
roof?
For ballasted systems, has additional weight of ballast been included in
structural calculations?
4. Electrical design
Do DC and AC cables comply with BS 7671 or another equivalent
standard?
Has the cable sizing in each part of the system used appropriate safety
factors on the maximum expected voltage and current?
Is the overall voltage drop between the array and inverter less than 3%?
Are cables proximate to the panels rated for temperatures of -15°C to
80°C?
For generation voltages exceeding 120V, has double insulation been
specified on all parts of the DC circuit?
Have isolation switches been included on both DC and AC sides?
Have appropriate earthing measures been included?
Have appropriate surge and lighting protection measures been
included?
Have inverters been test-certified to the G83/G59 standards (or
equivalent)?
Has the design DC/AC ratio been optimised?
Is protection for AC cables provided at the site distribution board?
Has RCD protection been implemented on the AC side?
5. Design approvals
Has the DNO granted permission to connect the PV system?
Have planning permissions been obtained from the local authority?
Is the building’s EPC rating D or better (UK only)?
Table 9: Specifications for electronic components