C R I T I CA L T H I N K I N G

STA N DA R D S

C R I T I CA L & C R E ATIVE T H I N K I N G

BY: MADAM SARA ZULKIFLI

C R I T I CA L
T H I N K I N G
STA N DA R D S

1 .C L A R I TY
2 . ACCU R ACY
3 . PR EC I S I O N
4 . R E L EVA N C E
5 . D E PT H
6 . B R E A DT H
7. LO G I C
8 . FA I R N E S S
C L A R I TY
01
J E L A S

You have added details

and examples

Could you elaborate?

Could you illustrate what you mean?

Could you give me an example?

“Everything that can be said,
can be said clearly”

Ludwig Wittgenstein
If graphic design is communication,
then it’s the message that should
be clear, not necessarily the form that
should be simple. Design that is clear
in form and message can also be
intricate in style.

If we follow the principles of design

and use proper proportion, hierarchy,
space, unity, rhythm, etc. then we can
create graphic design that communicates
clearly regardless of it’s stylistic qualities.
 ACCU RACY
T E PAT

Your thinking has facts and

research to back it up

How could we check on that?

How could we test that?

02
How do we know this is true?
 This boxes
weighs
over 5kg

A statement can be clear but not accurate

“Garbage in, garbage out” meaning the
quality of output is determined by the
quality of the input

If the keyword search is improperly stated,

the answer is unlikely to be correct
 PR EC I S I O N

03
S PE S I F I K

Your thinking is specific

and exact

Could you be more specific?

Could you give more details?

Could you be more exact?

Sherlock Holemes is the famous
ficitonal sleuth written by
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

In Doyle’s stories, Holmes is often

able to solve complex mysteries
when the detectives f rom Scotland
Yard haven’t so much as a clue

WHAT IS THE SECRET OF

HIS SUCCESS?

An extraordinary commitment
to precision in his investigations
The importance of
precision in specialized fields:

Medicine, Mathematics
Architecture, Engineering
Your thinking is directly
related to the central idea,
problem or question you are
working on

How does this relate to the problem?

Does this answer the question?

How does this help us? R E L EVA N C E

04 B E R KA I TA N
 “I studied hard all semester,
therefore I should get good
grades.”

Effort is not necessarily related

to quality, and so is irrelevant
to your grade.
 You have predicted difficulties
D E PT H or problems with your thinking
DA L A M
What will make this difficult?

Have you predicted different possible

outcomes?

Have you looked ahead?

05
 06 B R E A DT H
PE R S PE KT I F

You have considered

others points of view

Do you need to look at this f rom another perspective?

Do you need to consider other points of view?

Do you need to look at this in another way?

Looking at an issue f rom diverse perspectives
often leads to discoveries of new information
and solutions
 LO G I C

07
LO G I K

You show your thinking in a

way that make sense to others

Does all this make sense together?

Does your thinking follow the evidence?

Logic —is what being
said connected logically

When the combination of thoughts are

mutually supporting and make sense in
combination, the thinking is “logical”
You are aware of the thoughts
and ideas of others. You are
open to changing your mind

Am I considering the thinking of others?

08
Is my purpose fair in this situation?

Is my thinking based on facts, or just opinions?

FA I R N E S S
A D I L
How to be fair?
Open-minded
Fair-minded
Non-biased
Non-prejudice
 CRITICAL THINKING IS

CLEAR UNCLEAR
ACCURATE INACCURATE
PRECISE VAGUE
RATHER
RELEVANT IRRELEVANT
THAN
CONSISTENT INCONSISTENT
LOGICAL NON-LOGICAL
COMPLETE INCOMPLETE
FAIR BIAS
Thank You!