Cause and Effect Worksheets for Units 13-16

For each section of years, match the historical cause (in the left column) with the proper effect (in the right column) by
writing the correct letter on the blank line for each section.

Ch29 - 1901-1912: Cause Effect

__I_ 1. Old-time Populists, muckraking journalists, A. Ended the ear of uncontrolled exploitation of
social-gospel ministers, and European socialist nature and involved the federal government in
immigrants preserving natural resources
_B_ 2. Progressive concern about political corruption B. Led to reforms like the initiative, referendum,
and direct election of senators
__C__ 3. Governors like Robert La Follette C. Forced a compromise settlement of a strike
_ that threatened the national well-being
G 4. Roosevelt’s threat to seize the anthracite coal D. Outraged consumers and led to the Meat
mines Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug
Act
_J_ 5. Settlement Houses and women’s clubs E. Laid the basis for a third-party crusade in the
election of 1912
_D_ 6. Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle F. Incensed pro-Roosevelt progressives and
increased their attacks on the Republican
“Old Guard”
_A_ 7. Roosevelt’s personal interest in conservation G. Led the way in using universities and
regulatory agencies to pursue progressive
goals
_F_ 8. Taft’s political mishandling of tariff and H. Made Taft’s dollar-diplomacy policy a failure
conservation policies
_H_ 9. Russia’s and Japan’s hostility to an American I. Provided the pioneering forces who laid the
role in China foundations for the Progressive movement
E 10. Roosevelt’s feeling that he was cheated out of J. Served as the launching pads for widespread
the Republican nomination by the Taft female involvement in progressive reforms
machine

Ch30 - 1912-1916: Cause Effect

_____ 1. The split between Taft and Roosevelt A. Caused most Americans to sympathize with
the Allies rather than the Central Powers
_____ 2. Wilson’s presidential appeals to the public B. Helped push through sweeping reforms of the
over the heads of Congress tariff and banking system in 1913
_____ 3. The Federal Reserve Act C. Enabled the Democrats to win a narrow
presidential victory in the election of 1916
_____ 4. Conservative justices of the Supreme Court D. Allowed Wilson to win a minority victory in
the election of 1912
_____ 5. Political turmoil in Haiti and Santo Domingo E. Declared unconstitutional progressive
(Dominican Republic) Wilsonian measures dealing with labor unions
and child labor
_____ 6. The Mexican revolution F. Caused President Wilson and other outraged
Americans to demand an end to unrestricted
submarine warfare
_____ 7. “Pancho” Villa’s raid on Columbus, New G. Created constant political instability south of
Mexico the border and undermined Wilson’s hopes for
better US relations with Latin America
_____ 8. America’s close cultural and economic ties H. Was the immediate provocation for General
with Britain Pershing’s punitive expedition into Mexico
_____ 9. Germany’s sinking of the Lusitania, Arabic, I. Finally established an effective national
and Sussex banking system and a flexible money supply
_____ 10. Wilson’s apparent success in keeping America J. Cause Wilson to send in US Marines to restore
at peace through diplomacy order and supervise finances
Ch31 – 1917-1918: Cause Effect
_____ 1. Germany’s resumption of unrestricted A. Led to major racial violence in Chicago and
submarine warfare East St. Louis, Illinois
_____ 2. Wilson’s Fourteen Points B. Forced Democrats to vote against a modifies
treaty and killed American participation in the
League of Nations
_____ 3. The wartime atmosphere of emotional C. Stopped the final German offensive and turned
patriotism and fear the tide toward Allied victory
_____ 4. Women’s labor in wartime factories D. Allowed domestic disillusionment and
opposition to the treaty and League to build
strength
_____ 5. The migration of African-Americans to E. Finally pushed the United States into World
northern cities War I
_____ 6. American troops’ entry into combat in the F. Weakened the president’s position during the
spring and summer of 1918 peacemaking process
_____ 7. Wilson’s political blunders in the fall of 1918 G. Caused harsh attacks on German-Americans
and other Americans who opposed the war
_____ 8. The strong diplomatic demands of France, H. Lifted Allied and American spirits and
Italy, and Japan demoralized Germany and its allies
_____ 9. Senator Lodge’s tactics of delaying and I. Forced Wilson to compromise his Fourteen
proposing reservations in the Versailles treaty Points in order to keep the League as part of
the peace treaty
_____ 10. Wilson’s refusal to accept any reservations J. Helped pass the Nineteenth Amendment but
supported by Lodge did not really change society’s emphasis on the
maternal role

Ch32 - 1919-1929: Cause Effect

_____ 1. American fear of Bolshevism A. Caused the rise of the Ku Klux Klan an the
imposition of immigration restriction
_____ 2. Nativist American fear of immigrant and B. Caused many influential writers of the 1920s
Catholics to criticize traditional values and search for
new moral standards
_____ 3. Prohibition C. Caused the red scare and the separation of
foreign radicals
_____ 4. The automobile industry D. Enabled many ordinary citizens to join in a
speculative Wall Street boom
_____ 5. The radio E. Stimulated highway construction, petroleum
production, and other related industries
_____ 6. Rising prosperity, new technologies, and the F. Helped stimulate mass attention to sports and
ideas of Sigmund Freud entertainment while spreading the reach of
advertising
_____ 7. Resentment against conventional small-town G. Reduced the tax burden on the wealthy and
morality contributed to the stock market boom
_____ 8. The economic boom of the 1920s H. Greatly raised the incomes and living
standards of many Americans
_____ 9. The ability to buy stocks with only a small I. Created a new atmosphere of sexual frankness
down payment and liberation, especially among the young
_____ 10. Andrew Mellon’s tax policies J. Helped spawn “bootlegging” and large-scale
organized crime
Ch33 - 1920-1932: Cause Effect
_____ 1. Republican pro-business policies A. Led to a Republican landslide in the election of
1928
_____ 2. American concern about the arms race and the B. Weakened labor unions and prevented the
danger of war enforcement of progressive antitrust legislation
_____ 3. The high-tariff Fordney-McCumber Law of C. Plunged the United States into the worst
1922 economic depression in its history
_____ 4. The loose moral atmosphere of Harding’s D. Drove crop prices down and created a rural
Washington economic depression
_____ 5. The improved farm efficiency and production E. Led to the successful Washington
of the 1920s Disarmament Conference and the Five Power
Naval Agreement of 1922
_____ 6. America’s demand for complete payment of F. Encouraged numerous federal officials to
the Allies’ war debt engage in corrupt dealings
_____ 7. Hoover’s media campaign and Smith’s G. Helped cause the stock-market crash and
political liabilities deepen the Great Depression
_____ 8. The stock market crash H. Failed to end the depression but did prevent
more serious economic suffering
_____ 9. Domestic overexpansion of production and I. Sustained American prosperity but pushed
dried-up international trade Europe into economic protectionism and
turmoil
_____ 10. Hoover’s limited efforts at federally sponsored J. Aroused British and French anger and
relief and recovery toughened their demands for German war
reparations

Ch34 - 1933-1938: Cause Effect

_____ 1. The “lame duck” period from November 1932 A. Succeeded in raising farm prices but met
to March 1933 strong opposition from many conservatives
_____ 2. Roosevelt’s leadership during the Hundred B. Encouraged the CIO to organize large numbers
Days of unskilled workers
_____ 3. The Civilian Conservation Corps, the Works C. May have pushed the Court toward more
Progress Administration, and the Civil Works liberal rulings but badly hurt FDR politically
Administration
_____ 4. New Deal farm programs like the AAA D. Caused a sharp “Roosevelt Depression” that
brought unemployment back up to catastrophic
levels
_____ 5. The Tennessee Valley Authority E. Caused a political paralysis that nearly halted
the US economy
_____ 6. The Wagner (National Labor Relations) Act F. Provided federal economic planning,
conservation, cheap electricity, and jobs to a
poverty-stricken region
_____ 7. FDR’s political appeals to workers, African G. Provided federal jobs for unemployed workers
Americans, southerners, and “New in conservation, construction, the arts, and
Immigrants” other areas
_____ 8. The Supreme Court’s conservative rulings H. Caused Roosevelt to propose a plan to “pack”
against New Deal legislation the Supreme Court
_____ 9. Roosevelt’s attempt to “pack” the Supreme I. Pushed a remarkable number of laws through
Court Congress and restored the nation’s confidence
_____ 10. The rapid cutback in federal “pump-priming” J. Forged a powerful political coalition that made
spending in 1937 the Democrats the majority party
Ch35 - 1933-1941: Cause Effect
_____ 1. FDR’s refusal to support international A. Thrust the US into an undeclared naval war
economic cooperation in the 1930s with Nazi Germany in the North Atlantic
_____ 2. Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor policy B. Prompted FDR to make his “Quarantine
Speech,” proposing strong action against
aggressors
_____ 3. Bad memories of World War I and revelations C. Brought new respect for the US and for
about arms merchants democracy in Latin America
_____ 4. The US Neutrality Acts of the 1930s D. Shocked the US into enacting conscription and
making the “destroyers-for-bases” deal
_____ 5. Japanese aggression against China in 1937 E. Forced Japan to either accept US demands
regarding China or go to war
_____ 6. Hitler’s invasion of Poland F. Caused the US to institute a “cash-and-carry”
policy for providing aid to Britain
_____ 7. The fall of France in 1940 G. Deepened the worldwide Depression and aided
the rise of Fascist dictators
_____ 8. Willkie’s support for FDR’s pro-British H. Actually aided Fascist dictators in carrying out
foreign policy their aggressions in Ethiopia, Spain, and China
_____ 9. The US embargo on oil and other supplies to I. Promoted US isolationism and the passage of
Japan several Neutrality Acts in the mid-1930s
_____ 10. Roosevelt’s decision to convoy lend-lease J. Kept the 1940 presidential campaign from
shipments becoming a bitter national debate

Ch36 – 1941-1945: Cause Effect

_____ 1. The surprise Japanese attach at Pearl Harbor A. Kept the Western Allies from establishing a
“second front” in France until June 1944
_____ 2. Fear that Japanese-Americans would aid Japan B. Slowed the powerful Japanese advance in the
in invading the United States Pacific in 1942
_____ 3. Efficient organization by the War Production C. Enabled the US to furnish itself and its allies
Board with abundant military supplies
_____ 4. The mechanical cotton picker and wartime D. Enabled the US to set up key bomber bases
labor demand while bypassing heavily fortified Japanese-
held islands
_____ 5. Women’s role in wartime production E. Drew millions of African-Americans from the
rural South to the urban North
_____ 6. American resistance in the Philippines and the F. Resulted in Senator Harry S Truman’s
Battle of Coral Sea becoming FDR’s fourth-term running mate in
1944
_____ 7. The American strategy of “leapfrogging” G. Created a temporary but not a permanent
toward Japan transformation in gender roles for most women
_____ 8. The British fear of sustaining heavy casualties H. Caused innocent American citizens to be
in ground fighting rounded up and put in concentration camps
_____ 9. Conservative Democrats’ hostility to liberal I. Created a strong sense of American national
Vice President Henry Wallace unity during World War II
_____ 10. Japan’s refusal to surrender after the Potsdam J. Led the US to drop the atomic bomb on
Conference in July 1945 Hiroshima in August 1945