Citations

Articles
Otto Triffterer and Kai Ambos, 240;
Iris Haenen, “Classifying Acts as Crimes Against Humanity in the Rome Statute of the
International Criminal Court” (2019) German Law Journal 796, 810.
Otto Triffterer and Kai Ambos, 237.
Katanga and Chui 2008, PTC, [448].
Roy S. Lee, The International Criminal Court: Elements of Crimes and Rules of Procedure
and Evidence (Transnational Publishers, 2001), 70.
Otto Triffterer and Kai Ambos, [238].
UN, Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action (Adopted by the World Conference on
Human Rights in Vienna on 25 June 1993), 7.
Alicia Gil Gil and Elena Maculan, “Current Trends in the Definition of ‘Perpetrator’ by the
International Criminal Court”, Leiden Journal of International Law, 2015, vol. 28, no. 2, p.
353;
Elies van Sliedregt, Individual Criminal Responsibility in International Law, 2012, Oxford
University Press, p. 69.

Judgments
Katanga and Chui 2008, PTC, [449].
Ntaganda Judgment [744].
Mbarushimana Charges [142].
Vasiljevic Judgment [342]. Prosecutor v Mitar Vasiljević, Case No. IT-98-32-T, Judgement
(TC), 29 November
Prosecutor v. Zejnil Delalic, Zdravko Mucic, Hazim Delic and Esad Landžo, Case No. IT-96-
21-T, Judgement (TC), 16 November 1998, para. 552:
Prosecutor v. Delalić et al., IT-96-21-T, Trial Chamber, Judgment, 16 November 1998,
Bemba et al. 2014 PTC.
Blé Goudé Judgment [137]. ICC, Prosecutor v. Blé Goudé, Pre-Trial Chamber I, Decision on
the Confirmation of Charges, 11 December 2014, ICC-02/11-02/11-186.
Lubanga Judgment [330]. ICC, Prosecutor v. Lubanga, Pre-Trial Chamber I, Decision on the
confirmation of charges, 29 January 2007, ICC-01/04-01/06.
M. Cherif Bassiouni, Crimes against Humanity in International Criminal Law, Hague,
Kluwer Law International, 1999, 264.
Article 7 Elements of Crimes, Issa Hassan Sesay Judgment [94], Prosecutor v. Issa Hassan
Sesay, Morris Kallon, Augustine Gbao, SCSL-04-15-A, Appeal Chamber, Judgement, 26
October 2009.