CVL212:Environmental Engineering (3-0-2)

(Sem2, 2022-23)

Course coordinators: Arun Kumar and Arya V.

Monday and Thursday 930am-11am
LH 316 (lecture)
Block 4 room 303 (Lab class)

Email: arunku@civil.iitd.ac.in
Check IITD course email daily for information;
moodle area for additional materials upload

1
 Course overview (pre-req: CVL100)
Jan: Water and wastewater treatment overview; Unit processes: systems of
water purification, processes (sedimentation, coagulation-flocculation,
softening)

Feb: disinfection, adsorption, ion exchange, filtration) and kinetics in unit

operation of water purification-theory and design aspects; distribution of
water layout systems: design aspects;

March: Wastewater engineering: systems of sanitation, wastewater

collection systems design and flows, Characteristics and microbiology of
wastewater, BOD kinetics; Unit processes for wastewater treatment
(screening, sedimentation; biological aerobic and anaerobic process)-theory
and design aspects;

April: Biological processes (Nutrient and phosphorous removal); advanced

wastewater treatment-theory and design aspects; Air pollution (health
effects, regulatory standards, dispersion; stacks,
January 9, 2023 2
January 9, 2023 3
January 9, 2023 4
• Revise CVL100 notes
• Additional materials on moodle
• Get familiar with moodle based quiz also
• All exam/quiz in class unless announced otherwise

January 9, 2023 5
 Lecture 1 (Jan 05,2023)
Water Treatment Overview
Dr. Arun Kumar

6
 Water Pollution

January 9, 2023 Arun Kumar 7

(arunku@civil.iitd.ac.in)
 Overall Constituents

• constituents:
– Ions (calcium; arsenate; chromate
ions;nitrate)(anions/cations)
– Organic compounds (pesticides, pharmaceutical
compounds,etc.)
– Pathogens (viruses, if we have human fecal pollution)
– Solids (depends if there is a fracturing in subsurface or
solids in surface water)
– Gases(methane, etc.)
– nutrients

January 9, 2023 8
 Overall Parameters
Constituents Parameters

Ions Hardness; alkalinity; acidity; conductivity

Solids Turbidity; total solids; total suspended solids;

dissolved solids; volatile solids; fixed solids
Organic ThOD; biological oxygen demand; chemical
compounds oxygen demand; total organic carbon
Nutrients Ammonium ions; phosphates

pathogens Indicators (bacterial; viral); pathogen

January 9, 2023 9
 Example 1
Water Treatment

January 9, 2023 Arun Kumar 10

(arunku@civil.iitd.ac.in)
 Water: Source

Source
Surface water;
Groundwater; rain water

January 9, 2023 Arun Kumar 11

(arunku@civil.iitd.ac.in)
 Water: Treatment train of unit
processes
(1)Coagulation: increases particle size
(2)Sedimentation: settles particles
(3)Filtration: removes solids
(4)Disinfection: removes pathogens; oxidation

January 9, 2023 Arun Kumar 12

(arunku@civil.iitd.ac.in)
 Water: Supply part

Supply to consumers
(1) Residual disinfectant to ensure no microbial
growth during transport

January 9, 2023 Arun Kumar 13

(arunku@civil.iitd.ac.in)
 Water: Disposal part (solids
waste)
1)Chemical sludge
2) Disposal to municipal landfill
3)Reuse in brick making; pavement material, etc.

January 9, 2023 Arun Kumar 14

(arunku@civil.iitd.ac.in)
 Water: Order of constituents
removal
Source: Dissolved gases solidsions
reduced substancespathogens supply

January 9, 2023 Arun Kumar 15

(arunku@civil.iitd.ac.in)
 Example 2

January 9, 2023 16
January 9, 2023 17
 Stackelberg et al. 2004

To remove large materials and solids

January 9, 2023 18
 To remove solids: coagulants addition

(2)Coagulation: increases particle size

PAC-powdered activated carbon for providing adsorption sites during

flocculation step) Stackelberg et al. 2004
January 9, 2023 19
 To remove pathogens; oxidize reduced
substances also

Stackelberg et al. 2004

January 9, 2023 20
• Units for solids; pathogen; ions; organic
compounds;nutrients
• Units for sludge generation

January 9, 2023 21