CVL746 – PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

Dr. Manoj M
Contents

Transit Travel Characteristics

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 Contents

o Transit Travel Characteristics

o Spatial Variation of Transit Demand

o Temporal Variation of Transit demand

o Introduction – scheduling

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 Transit Travel Characteristics

o Transit Travel – Transit Demand

o Volume – want to use the system and pay its price
o Potential – who would use the system when service is good and price is low
o Latent demand

o Actual passenger travel in given conditions:

o LOS, urban form, time-of-day

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 Factors Influencing Transit Travel

✓ LOS / Price Package of all modes

✓ Spatio-temporal concentration of demand

✓ Trip-length distribution
✓ 4-8 km – street transit modes
✓ Rapid transit systems – 6-12 km; extensive coverage ensures short trips
✓ Regional rail – 22 km
Trip
Two- Three-
Length Bus Car Cycle Walk Total
Wheeler Wheeler
(Km.)
0-2 197 46 142633 0 59137 521061 723074
2-5 117434 27809 482306 279891 45390 2536 95536
5-10 134333 151603 725082 165814 25509 0 1202342
10-15 1429620 152409 316173 192265 6560 0 2097026
15-20 612694 65318 135503 82399 2811 0 898725
20-35 329555 17627 43779 5675 0 0 396636
>35 10639 1492 0 381 0 0 12511
Total 2634471 416304 1845476 726425 139407 523597 6285680
Average
Trip 14.99 11.59 8.02 8.59 3.88 1.01 10.57
Length
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 Spatial Distribution of Transit Travel

✓ A function of city form and land use in it.

✓ Highest travel volume in radial direction - CBD

✓ Sub-urban centers – may or may not be integrated

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 Temporal Distribution of Transit Travel

✓ Changes in travel patterns & LOS – peak & off-peak periods

✓ Seasonal variation – Delhi??

✓ Daily variations – weekday and weekends

✓ Hourly variations – weekday

✓ Peak-to base ratio – highest hourly volume/avg. off-peak hourly

volume
✓ Radial lines – most pronounced

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How to manage variations in Transit Travel

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 How to manage the variation of Transit Travel

✓ Changing headways

✓ Different TU sizes

✓ Short-turn services

✓ Branching of line

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 Indicators for measuring Transit Travel

1. Average Passenger Trip Length

 pl i i
lav =i =1

b i

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 Indicators for measuring Transit Travel

2. Average Passenger Volume

 pl i i
Pav = i =1

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 Indicators for measuring Transit Travel

3. Coefficient of flow variations : Degree to which passenger volume

peaks along a line – maximum and minimum value?

Pmax L.Pmax
f = = n
 pili
Pav
i =1

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 Indicators for measuring Transit Travel

4. Coefficient of passenger exchange : what portion of passengers

are exchanged along a line = total passengers who board along a
line / those who did not replace the alighting passengers

BL
x =
BL − Px

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 Indicators of Transit Usage

o Indicators to express the absolute and relative magnitude of transit

travel in a city

✓ Riding Habit : Ratio of annual transit rides to population of served

area

✓ Transit travel as % of total travel

✓ Modal Split

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 Scheduling of Service

o Scheduling : Frequency of service, no. of vehicles required, timing

of their travel, etc.

o Products: graphical and numerical schedules

➢ Long-distance lines: variable headway by demand

➢ Regular lines: uniform headway (minimum waiting time and delay

propagation)

➢ Uniform clock headway.

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Scheduling of Service

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 Scheduling periods and design passenger volume

o Schedules: offer capacity and minimum frequency of service

PHC = 4 P15 / Pmax

Pd = Pmax * PHC

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 The Required Capacity

o Off-peak hours : Policy headway

o Peak hours : cover load
o Using α
o Passenger comfort – lower value
o Cost of operation – higher value

✓ Uniform passenger volume – lower; higher otherwise

✓ Higher ratio of seat to standees – lower
✓ Long-trip – lower
✓ Senior citizen, shopper – lower; school – higher
✓ Large crowd - higher

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