European Journal of Innovation in Nonformal Education (EJINE)

Volume 2| Issue 4| ISSN: 2795-8612 .

CONCEPT OF LANGUAGE AND SPEECH

Shakhlo Khakimovna Kharatova

Associate Professor of Tashkent State Transport University

ABSTRACT
RTICLE INFO
This article is about the role and importance of language and speech in world linguistics,
their specific functions. -you can consider relatively independent units of a specific type of Article history:
correlation. Received 19 February2022
Received in revised form 19
March 2022
Accepted 19 April 2022

Keywords: language, speech,

word, phoneme, morpheme,
__________________________________________________________________________ lexeme, construction,
generality, specificity, sign,
© 2022 Hosting by Research Parks. All rights reserved. meaning.

INTRODUCTION
Language and speech, dialectics is one of the most important and complex problems of theoretical linguistics, as well as
applied linguistics and sciences such as psychology, philosophy, logic, and this issue has always been at the center of world
linguistics.
LITERATURE ANALYSIS AND METHODOLOGY
The main criterion of twentieth-century linguistics - systematic linguistics - was the relationship between language and
speech, the differentiation of language and speech phenomena, units. If we look at the history of this problem, according to
Professor H. Nematov, the distinction between language and speech phenomena can be seen in the methods of language
learning of Arabic linguistics, which were first formed in the VII-IX centuries. According to Professor A. Nurmanov,
Alisher was the leader of Uzbek linguistics during the Timurid period
It is noted that Navoi's works differed in language and speech phenomena, and the scholar paid special attention to this
issue.
The problem of language and speech is the great theorist Wilhelm von Humboldt, the founder of general theoretical
linguistics. It is also given in the teachings of the practical linguist Baudouin de Courtenay on the stability and variability of
language.
It should be noted that the relationship between language and speech, dialectics, found its first real, perfect scientific-
theoretical solution in the works of the great linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, who made a sharp turn in the science of
linguistics.
So, the problem of language and speech has been and will continue to be the most serious theoretical problem not only in
system linguistics, but in all periods of world linguistics in general - in both diachronic and synchronous stages. Because
without this very complex and very topical problem of linguistics, it is impossible to fully, completely and objectively solve
a number of the most important, fundamental problems of not only theoretical-general linguistics, but also private-practical
linguistics. Accordingly, the dialectic of language and speech remains one of the constant problems of world linguistics. F.
De Saussure's use of language and speech as the means of communication and expression of the people, and their
distinction between them, has caused controversy among scholars.
Some scholars have argued that language and speech are indistinguishable, that there is one object that is indistinguishable,
and that language and speech are one thing, while others have argued that language and speech must be distinguished. So,
now the distinction between language and speech, language and speech, events, units has a strong place in general
linguistics, as well as in Uzbek linguistics.
In language and speech, dialectics, language functions as a whole system with its own complex structure. Thus, as F. de
Saussure rightly points out, language is a system. , forms the system. The systemic nature of language is actually based on
the lines, layers (tiers) that are marked. At present, each of these lines is a unique system-subsystem, which is part of the
language system. Thus, the system of language systems - supersystem, as a macrosystem, serves society, has a social
significance, performs a socio-practical function.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The social significance of language is seen in the fact that it is a tool of communication in society. So, Professor.
S.Usmanov ―Of course, what serves the relationship between people should be of social significance. Because

that kind of attitude, that kind of communication, comes from within the community, in the community. ”
When thinking about the material nature of language, the view of language as a system of signs or a semiotic system is now
accepted by linguists. For example, when Professor VM Solnsev says that language is a typical semiotic or system of signs,
linguist BV Kosovsky emphasizes that language creates a system of signs or a semiotic system according to its material

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 European Journal of Innovation in Nonformal Education (EJINE)
Volume 2| Issue 4| ISSN: 2795-8612 .
nature.
In short, language as a system of supersystems is historically perfectly created for society. It serves all and is common to
all. for logical connection, it consists of rules that serve to see the speech. How does language perform its communicative
function in society (informative, expressive, emotional, voluntary, etc.)? Language, which is a socio-psychological process,
performs any communicative function in society, in general, in the form of speech, in the form of speech, through speech.
Speech is the concrete expression, appearance, and state of the language system in the process of speaking, exchanging
ideas, or writing. Accordingly, S.Usmanov ―When can a language perform a certain function? Language can only function
if it appears as speech.
Concepts, perceptions, and various thoughts, which are formed in our brains (minds) due to the influence of the objective
world, are expressed through socially significant language (speech). More precisely, the expression of any idea, the
communication with others, takes place only in the process of real, live speech, which takes place through the language
material. caught?
The internal is an ideal process, the external material is transformed into reality, and this transition takes place only on the
basis of speech, that is, through speech, which is always based on the material of language. The basis of speech is the
richness of the language, the material of the language.
S.Usmanov divides the language material into two parts:
1. Psychic material. It is the image of a word, morpheme, or phoneme in memory.
2. Material. These are words, morphemes, and sounds that are pronounced clearly and have a definite sound shell when
creating speech.
Hence, the fact that real live speech consists of real language units does not require proof. For example. Our era is a time of
transition to a market economy, in which speech is real speech, consisting of real language units with sound matter. So,
dividing a sentence into lexemes and affix morphemes is, in fact, a division into real linguistic units. ―But each element
formed by the separation loses its shell of material after the speech is over and is constantly remembered as certain images.
These elements of memory are no longer material phenomena, but mental phenomena. And when a mental event is
necessary, it is possible to create another material event due to the activities of the members of the speech.
The intermediate event between a mental event and real speech is the real equivalents of the elements of real language in
memory, the units of language that are realized through pronunciation during speech construction.
This means that the images of language elements in memory become real language elements during speech and activity.
After all, real elements are in fact primary, and their images in the mind (memory) are secondary, and they are formed by
real elements.
Language is both an "external" material and a mental phenomenon. Its materiality is the sound matter, while its mental
phenomenon is the memory. The social function of language is material. Materiality in language is manifested in the fact
that words, phrases and morphemes are wrapped in the sound matter. The same feature allows language to be used for
social purposes.
It turns out that the process of using language for the purpose of communication is speech. Nowadays, it has been proved
experimentally that speech is a process of communication through language material. Many psychologists, methodologists,
and linguists now agree. That is, language takes place through speech, and speech takes place through language material.
Academician I.P. The fact that language, called Pavlov's system of secondary signals, is closely related to speech can also
be seen from the fact that every language is formed during the course of historical development, in the process of
communication between people and the means of speech.
The connection between language and speech can also be seen in the following. Language is formed on the basis of speech
and is realized through speech. Language is both a basis and a product of speech. If language is a material for
communication, then speech is the formation of ideas from that material. According to F. De Saussure, language is
necessary for us to understand speech, and speech is necessary for the development, survival and formation of language.
Historically, speech comes before language.
That's where the professor is. It is worthwhile to quote the opinion of BA Serebrennikov. As he points out, til... language is
used in the process of speech. Every speech, language elements are involved in its activities. If language has a systemic
character, then speech also has a systemic character after it is expressed on the basis of language elements.
In our opinion, speech is a system, the system has a character. But it is a secondary system to language, based on the
language system, which it uses as an opportunity. On the basis of the language system there is a speech system, speech
activity, a system of expression of ideas. Also, since speech (speech activity) is the process of expressing an idea, the units
involved in the same process enter into a logical, necessary relationship with each other to form a whole system, such as
speech. In addition, the words, phrases, sentences, and texts in speech are unique micro- and macrosystems.
The survival, existence, and development of a language is through speech. For example, when I use Uzbek in my speech, it
means that the Uzbek language exists and lives. Or if I speak English in my speech, it means that the language exists and
lives. So, every clear, visible form of language is real speech, speech activity.
Live speech, or real speech, is the existence of this language, its active movement. Language is a treasure trove of linguistic
units and rules that exist in human memory. Speech, on the other hand, is the active movement of these units based on
certain rules, the performance of a certain social function, that is, speech is a process, a practice. Both language and speech
are social phenomena. Language and speech, which have a social character, are realized through each other, that is,
language is expressed through speech, and speech is expressed through language.
Language and speech are interrelated, interrelated, social phenomena that do not exist without each other, but are different
from each other. So language and speech are not the same thing. Psychologist PI Ivanov says: "When we ask someone:

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 European Journal of Innovation in Nonformal Education (EJINE)
Volume 2| Issue 4| ISSN: 2795-8612 .
what language (or languages) do you speak, we know exactly what language (or languages) he uses in his speech."
Everyone has their own speech and speaks in one or more languages. At the same time, each person's speech has its own
characteristics, depending on his age, education, general spiritual and cultural level. It follows that speech is an individual
event. But we have said above that both language and speech are social phenomena. The point is, speech is truly individual.
Speech is performed by the individual, by the individual, by the individual. But by its very nature, speech is social.
So, speech is individual, it means that it is performed by an individual, and speech is social, it means its importance,
function, publicity. Socially significant language is also, in a sense, individual. Because the material of language (elements,
units) is in the psyche, in our memory. That is why S. Usmanov says: "Elements of language are ... in the memory of
members of society."
This means that language operates in the form of individual speech. Language and speech are both social and individual.
The social language of language is expressed through speech. ―Sociality in language is a hidden, internal phenomenon,
while sociality in speech is an external, real phenomenon.
Language is abstract, and speech is clear, that is, we hear speech, perceive it acoustically, and see it (in the text). Speech is
always clear and takes place at a specific place and time. Speech requires the presence of the speaker, the listener, and the
subject - the object of thought.
The act of speaking is always a creative act. Because everyone relies on his knowledge, vocabulary, life experience and
cultural level when expressing his opinion in a certain form - through words, speech. Speech is moving, dynamic, and
lively, while language is static and stable. Speech depends on the individual. And language does not depend on the
individual.
The creator of language is the people. As A.A. Potebnya said, language is a product of the people. The creator of speech is
the individual, the human being. Speech can be loud and low, fast or slow, long or short, with or without facial expressions,
with or without hand gestures, clear or vague, and for language such a definition is correct does not come.
Speech can be both monologue and dialogue. Language cannot be monologue or dialogue. Language is a tool of
communication, speech is a method of communication.
Language is opportunity, speech is reality, empathy.
Language is commonality, speech is specificity, individuality.
The origin of speech is primary, that is, before the speech - n u t q sounds appeared, and the language is secondary, formed
on the basis of speech.
Language is known through analysis, and speech through perception and understanding. The life of a language is long, it is
connected with the life of a people, and the life of a speech is short, that is, it lasts only when it is spoken.
Speech, which is a special function of language, is studied by psychology, linguistics (methodology, speech, culture, etc.),
physiology (studies the structure of speech, apparatus), information theory and other sciences.
Language is studied by linguistics, philosophy, logic, history, semiotics and other sciences.
Hence, live speech, speech activity is a form of language existence and development. Only when we observe language in
speech, activity-speech, it is possible to reveal the mechanism of its socio-practical task. Speech, only in its activity, is the
interaction, connection, connection of language and speech.
CONCLUSION
The dialectical relationship between language and speech is that speech is formed as a result of activity.
Speech, on the other hand, is made up of language units and is broken down into language units. Language units again
serve for speech, activity - activism. The concept of speaking ability refers to the ability of a person to belong to a
particular society, to be aware of the language belonging to that society, and to be able to use its potential.
Speech, on the other hand, is based on the ability of an individual to speak a language based on the language skills
described above.
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