dialect, idiolect

and accent
 Dialect
Dialect is a variety of language, marked by a particular grammar and lexis, and used
by speakers with a common regional and social background.

This has its own distinctive vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation. It is a sub-
division of the main language and can exist with several other dialects within the one
language; they are mutually intelligible.

For example, in our national language (Bahasa Indonesia) there are several dialects,
Javanese dialect, Sundanese dialect, Dayak dialect, etc.
 Dialect
Dialect can be distinguished by:
a. Vocabulary
For example: “apo” (to say what) in Minangkabau can be “opo” in Javanese.
b. Grammar
For example :
• “Tell me what do you know” >> Standard Lg.
• “Tell me what thou knowest” >> Yorkshire dialect
c. Pronunciation
American English:
• “duty” is pronounced /d’i:ti/
British English:
• “duty” is pronounced /’dju:ti/
In Betawi dialect a word ending in “a” >> “e”
• kemana >> kemane
• siapa >> siape
 Dialect
KINDS OF DIALECT
• Standard Dialect
A standard dialect is a dialect that is supported by institution. There may be multiple standard dialect
associated with a single language for example Standard American English, Standard Canadian English etc.
• Non-Standard Dialect
A non standard dialect is a dialect that is not beneficiary of institutional support for example Southern
American English or Newfoundland English.
• Regional Dialect
A Regional dialect is a dialect which is spoken in certain area or place for example Minagkabau dialect,
Javanese dialect.
• Social Dialect or Sociolect
A social dialect is a dialect which is spoken by certain group for example teenager’s dialect, bahasa gaul,
bahasa alay.
• Temporal Dialect
A temporal dialect is dialect which is spoken in certain period of time for example Middle English dialect.
 Idiolect

Idiolect is the language of a single individual (language which one person has made up for their
own use only).

- The language used by an individual. Everyone expresses themselves in their own style,
depending on the influences that have impacted on them, e.g. family, travel, education, region,
peer group, etc
 Accent
- An accent is a speakers' distinctive pronunciation which marks his or her regional identity.
- This term is used to describe the way you pronounce the sounds of English, and the distinctive intonation
patterns that accompany your speech
(- Intonation is the rise and fall of sounds of peoples voice. e.g. your voice rises when you ask a question -
your intonation rises)
- The study of the patterns and system of sounds in particular language is known as PHONOLOGY.

some UK regional accents:

- Bristolian - Welsh - Irish - Liverpudlian - London - Essex - Cockney - Geordie

- Accent is not as broad as dialect as it relates only to pronunciation.

THANKS!