PHONETICS AND PHOONOLOGY ASSIGNMENT

1.VIEW THE SEMINAR ON DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND

DIALECT BY DR.MARIA ISABEL MALDONADO GARCIA .

GIVE AN INTRODUCTION REGARDING KEYNOTE SPEAKER AND TOPIC OF THE

WEBINAR .

The keynote speaker is the Dr.Maria Isabel Maldonado Garcia .The webinar was basically about
the difference between language and dialect .She give reference to Manual Alvar who define
language on certain criteria .Saraiki Analysis is being conducted in the webinar .Seraiki people
believe they have a language and whatever they speak is a language .Which is considered
absolutely wrong .If a language has the standard of prestigue ,than why its dialect is stigmatize .

GIVE AND EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND DIALECT

Accents and dialects are regional variation of the standard language .They are considered as
subordinate variety of the standard language.
Accent is considered as the pronunciation of the words and dialect is the broad term which
include vocabulary ,grammar as well as the accent.Dialect and accent is peculiar to specific
region and social group. Langauge is the standard form and it should met certain criteria.
Criteria includes many speakers ,have literary tradition,written manifestation and high level of
prestige .

GIVE SUITABLE ARGUMENT TO SUPPORT YOUR ANSWER AND EXPLAIN THEM WITH
THE HELP OF EXAMPLES QUOTED IN THE WEBINAR .

Language is usually use to mean both the superordinate category and the subordinate variety ,whereas
dialects are non-standard and sub-ordinate variety .Every variety is a dialect including the standard
variety .Mutual intelligibility is the common criteria to determine if two varieties are dialects of the same
language or distinct language .Texas English and Swiss German are respectively dialects of English and
German .Calling something a dialect of a particular language implies that language has atleast two
varieties but calling something a language does not necessarily entail that it has a subordinate variety .
Dialect Geography is the term use to describe attempts made to map the distribution of various linguistic
features according to geography .Ethnic dialect are ingroup ways of speaking the majority
language .They are learnt by exposure .Chicano English is not English with a spanish accent and
grammatical transfer because many of its speaker are not spanish but English monolinguals .Kopp gives
us insight of the development of Ethnic group known as Pennsylvania German English .This English is
spoken
Among speakers called Pennyslvania Dutch .This dialect develop in urban areas but many
ethnic groups are develop in urban areas.
Every single country where English is spoken in some capacity has its own different dialect of
English .It is estimated that over 160 different dialects of English are spoken all over the
world .There seven main dialects of English in united states :Western American English,North
Central American English ,Northern American English ,Midland American English,Southern
American English ,New York American English and Northern New England American English .

English Dialects in Scotland can be categorized into three major groups :Highland
English,Lowland Scotish and Glaswegian .

Dialects of Punjabi are Saraiki ,Pahari-Pothwari ,Puadhi Dialect .Saraiki people consider their
language a superordinate variety and whatever they speak is a language .This is considered
absolutely wrong .

Q: CONCLUDE BY SHEDDING LIGHT ON THE DISCUUSION SECTION PRECISELY .

(800-1000).

The webinar was basically was the language and dialect difference .Dialect is a greek word
which means Dialectos “Discourse way of speaking .Dialect is actually a subordinate variety of
the standard language .Dialect is only specific to certain region or social group. The linguistic
system is utilized as the medium of instruction .This system is spread through television
programmes .Saraiki language is the major discussion here in this webinar .Saraiki is a language
of Pakistan People of Saraiki speaker consider their language as a separate identity not a
dialect .The analysis of the Saraiki language was being conducted by Maria Garcia .Criteria for
considering a language is as follows :
 Literary Tradition .
 A strong levelling with higher number of speakers .
 Require a high level of prestige.
 Being the medium of instruction .
 Being used as the language of media .
 Has written manifestation .
 Formal rules such as grammar,syntax ,morphology etc .
Saraiki do have large number of speakers .And it has lexical similarity with western Punjabi
70%-85% .Whereas lexical similarity with Sindhi is 85% .But other language of the same
area have much high level of prestige such as Urdu.which is the National language and
Saraiki which is the regional language .Saraiki language has limited grammar .To establish
literary tradition also require lots of effort . Saraiki language met the criteria of language.But
Saraiki fail to comply with other criteria.The webinar also include the concept of mutual
intelligibility .Speakers of two different language mutually understandable to each other .If
Language have level of prestige ,so why its dialect stigmatise .Mutual intelligibility is not
objectively determined fact .Your ability to understand someone who speak differently from
you vary according to your experience with different way of speaking . Both Urdu and Hindi
are quite similar in its spoken form but there’s a great diffrences among language in its
written form .This difference is magnified due to political and religious reasons because of
different national identities .The term Dialect could be describe with differences associated
with speech of various social group or social class . Regional dialect are geographically
based .Social dialectology term refer to branch of linguistics which examine how ways of
speaking are linked to social diferences. Ethnic dialects arise due to
exposure .Standardization is the process by which language can be codified in some
way .This process involves development of grammar,vocabulary ,spelling books and
dictionaries .The term diale.Tt should not be confuse with term accent .Language has more
power than any of its dialect .The process through which standard languages arise is
primarily due to sociopoitical factor rather than linguistic one.