「 CW REVIEWER 」
conflict is solved
DICTION - refers to the linguistic choices a
writer makes to effectively convey an idea, a
point of view, or tell a story, it is also the careful
selection of words to communicate a message or
establish a particular voice or writing style
꒰ TYPES ꒱
» FORMAL - sophisticated language, adheres
to proper grammar and complex sentence
structure
» INFORMAL - conversational, casual,
realistic language, representative of how people
communicate in real life
» PEDANTIC - also called “Jargons”, terms or
words in academic or it is highly detailed
» SLANG - originated within a specific culture,
can be a new word, a shortened or modified
word, or words that take on a new meaning
» COLLOQUIAL - informal in nature and
represents specific region
» ABSTRACT - used to express something
intangible, like an idea or emotion
» CONCRETE - the use of words for their
literal meanings and often refer to things that
appeal to the senses
» POETIC - driven by lyrical words, commonly
used in poetry
DRAMA – composition in prose form that
presents a story entirely told in dialogue and
action
↬ the word drama comes from the Greek verb
“dran” which means to do (500 BC)
↬ produced for festivals to honor Dionysus
» TRAGEDY – play that ends unhappily
↬ right and wrong
↬ justice and injustice
↬ life and death
↬ protagonist of most classical tragedies is a
tragic hero
» COMEDY – play that ends happily
↬ plot usually centers on a romantic conflict
boy meets girl ➔ boy loses girl ➔ boy wins girl
↬ comic complications always occur before the
꒰ ELEMENTS ꒱
LITERARY ELEMENTS
» PLOT – series of events that take place in a
play
↬ initial incident
↬ preliminary event
↬ rising action
↬ climax
↬ falling action
↬ denouement or conclusion
» CHARACTER – person portrayed in a drama,
novel, or other artistic piece
» EXPOSITION - "who, when, where what"
part of the play.
» STORY ORGANIZATION - beginning,
middle, end
» CONFLICT - the internal or external struggle
between opposing forces, ideas, or interests that
creates dramatic tension
» SUSPENSE - a feeling of uncertainty as to the
outcome, build interest and excitement on the
part of the audience
» THEME - the basic idea of a play; the idea,
point of view, or perception binds together a
work of art.
» LANGUAGE - particular manner of verbal
expression, the diction or style of writing, or the
speech or phrasing that suggests a class or
profession or type of character
» STYLE - the shaping of dramatic material,
settings, or costumes in a deliberately
nonrealistic manner
TECHNICAL ELEMENTS
» SCENERY (SET) - the theatrical equipment,
such as curtains, flats, backdrops, or platforms,
used in a dramatic production to communicate
environment
» COSTUMES - clothing and accessories worn
by actors to portray character and period.
» PROPS - short for properties; any article,
except costume or scenery, used as part of a
dramatic production;
» LIGHTS - the placement, intensity, and color
of lights to help communicate environment,
mood, or feeling
» SOUND - the effects an audience hears during
performance to communicate character, context,
or environment
» MAKEUP - costumes, wigs, and body paint
used to transform an actor character.
PERFORMANCE ELEMENTS
» ACTING - use of face, body, and voice to
portray character
» CHARACTER MOTIVATION - the reason
or reasons for a character's behavior; an
incentive or inducement for further action for a
character
» CHARACTER ANALYSIS - in responding
to dramatic art, the process of examining how the
elements of drama—literary, technical, and
performance—are used
» EMPATHY - the capacity to relate to the
feelings of another.
NONVERBAL EXPRESSION;
» GESTURE – any movement of the actors
head, shoulder, arm, hand, leg, or foot to convey
meaning
» FACIAL EXPRESSION - physical and vocal
aspects used by an actor to convey mood,
feeling, or personality
» MOVEMENT- stage blocking or the
movements of the actors onstage during
performance; also refers to the action of the play
as it moves from event to event
DIALOGUE - is a conversation between two or
more characters in a literary work. The term
dialogue means “two” (di-) “speak” (log).
↬ brings characters to life by revealing their
personalities and by showing what they are
thinking and feeling as they react to other
characters
꒰ TYPES OF DIALOGUE ꒱
» SUMMARY – can be part of the narrative so
that much of the conversation is condensed
» INDIRECT SPEECH – reported in the third
person so that there is a feeling of an exchange,
but without quotation marks
» DIRECT SPEECH/QUOTATION – good
for illustrating dramatic action – possibility of
discovery/decision
↬ all three can be combined to make a narrative
more interesting, varied, fruitful
꒰ DIALOGUE RULES ꒱
1 ↝ must start a new paragraph every time you
change speakers even if the speaker only says
one word
2 ↝ exactly what the speaker says will have
quotation marks around it
3 ↝ punctuation goes inside the quotation marks
4 ↝ if the annotation is first, you place the
comma after it
5 ↝ if the annotation is last, you put the comma
inside the quotation marks, and then put a period
at the end, if it is a question or exclamation, the ?
and ! go inside the quotation marks
6 ↝ you do not have to tell who the speaker is
each time if the dialogue is between two people
and they are having a lot of back-and-forth
conversations. Your readers will understand.
7 ↝ use a VARIETY of explanatory words such
as "stated, questioned, observed, screamed, and
agreed" instead of always using "said."
8 ↝ whenever possible, always include dialogue
in your short story, it makes it a lot more
interesting
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