Faisal A.

Rangan
Grade 12 HUMSS Abas

o FORESHADOWING - is a powerful tool in literature that adds depth and

complexity to storytelling. It allows readers to engage with a narrative on multiple
levels, picking up on subtle clues and piecing together the puzzle of the plot.
o ALLUSION - is a figure of speech that refers to a well-known person, place,
event, or work of art. Allusions can be found in various types of writing,
including literature, poetry, speeches, and everyday conversation.
o IMAGERY - refers to the use of vivid and descriptive language that appeals
to the senses, creating a mental picture for the reader.
o METAPHOR - is a figure of speech that involves making a direct
comparison between two unrelated things to highlight a shared quality or
characteristic.
o IRONY - is a literary or rhetorical device where there is a discrepancy
between appearances and reality. It involves a situation in which the
outcome is different from what is expected, often in a way that is amusing,
surprising, or revealing.
o SYMBOL - is a literary device that represents an idea, concept, or object
beyond its literal meaning. Symbols are often used to convey complex ideas
or emotions in a more condensed and memorable form.
o ALLEGORY - is a narrative or work of art in which the characters, events,
and settings are symbolic and represent abstract ideas or moral qualities. In
allegorical works, the surface story serves as a vehicle for conveying a
deeper, often moral or philosophical meaning.
o SOLILOQUY - is a dramatic monologue spoken by a character in a play or
a work of literature, usually when the character is alone on stage.
o FLASHBACK - is a narrative device used in literature, film, or television
where the chronological sequence of a story is interrupted to present events
that occurred earlier.
o SETTINGS - a story encompasses the time, place, and social environment
in which the narrative takes place. It is a crucial element in storytelling, as
it provides the backdrop against which characters interact, events unfold,
and the plot develops.
o ANAPHORA - is a rhetorical and literary device in which a word or phrase
is repeated at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences. It is used
for emphasis, creating a rhythmic and impactful effect. Anaphora is
commonly employed in speeches, poetry, and prose to highlight key ideas,
evoke emotions, or reinforce a particular theme.
o DIALOGUE - is a written or spoken conversational exchange between two
or more people. In literature, drama, film, and other forms of storytelling,
dialogue is a fundamental element that allows characters to communicate,
interact, and express themselves.
o MOTIF - is a recurring element, theme, idea, or subject in a work of
literature, art, or music. It is a pattern or repeated image that holds
symbolic significance and contributes to the overall meaning or theme of the
work. Motifs often help unify the various elements of a narrative and provide
depth and cohesion.
o PARADOX - is a statement or situation that appears contradictory or self-
defeating but may, in fact, reveal a deeper truth.
o ASSONANCE - is a literary device that involves the repetition of vowel
sounds within nearby words in a line of text or poetry.
o MONOLOGUE - is a speech or presentation by a single character in a play,
film, or other extended work of literature.
o CHIASMUS - is a rhetorical device in which the order of words or phrases
in one clause is reversed in the next clause. It often takes the form of an
ABBA pattern.
o CATHARSIS - refers to the emotional release or purging that readers or
audiences experience through the intense and often transformative events
portrayed in a narrative.
o ENJAMBMENT - is a poetic device where a sentence or phrase runs over
the end of one line of verse and into the next line. This contrasts with end-
stopped lines, where a line of poetry ends with a punctuation mark, creating
a pause.
o ANACHRONISM - refers to the inclusion of something in a story that is not
historically or chronologically accurate for the period in which the narrative
is set.
o SUSPENSE - is a powerful tool used to captivate readers and keep them
eagerly turning the pages. Creating suspense involves engaging readers
emotionally and mentally, making them eager to find out what will happen
next.
o RHYME - is a literary device where words have similar or identical sounds
in their final stressed syllables, creating a musical and rhythmic effect in
poetry and song lyrics.
o CAESURA - is a pause or break in a line of poetry, often near the middle of
the line. It's a rhythmic or metric pause, and it can occur for various
reasons, such as punctuation, the natural rhythm of speech, or as a
deliberate stylistic choice by the poet.
o SATIRE - is a literary genre or mode of writing that uses humour, irony,
sarcasm, or ridicule to criticize or mock people, politics, society, or any
other subject.