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Unidad 3: La Oración: Textos
Unidad 3: La Oración: Textos
Textos
Mars
Types of Solutions
Definitions I
Definitions II
Elements: Definitions
The Sun
Meetings
Preparing for a meeting
Relectura y búsqueda de información
Sección Gramatical
La Oración
Frase Nominal
Ejemplos para distinguir la Frase Nominal
Plurales de Sustantivos
La Frase Verbal
Pronombres Personales con el verbo Be
Formas Afirmativa, Negativa e Interrogativa con el verbo Be
Pronombres Interrogativos
Forma There + Be
Texto I
MARS
Type of system
Maximum/minimum temperatures
Colour
Texto II
TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
There are different types of solutions. We often think of solutions as those formed between a
solid solute and a liquid solvent. However, gases and liquids can be solutes and solvents too.
There are solutions which are made up of a solid in a liquid where the solute is a solid and
the solvent is a liquid. Examples of this are sugar in water, salt in water and iodine in ethanol.
Oxygen in water, carbon dioxide in water in fizzy drinks are examples of solutions where
there is a gas in a liquid. This is where the solute is a gas and the solvent is a liquid.
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It is also possible a solution which is a liquid in a liquid where the solute and the solvent are
liquids. Examples of this are alcohol in water and syrup in water.
Solid in liquid
Gas in liquid
Liquid in liquid
Texto III
DEFINITIONS I
6. Evolution: the gradual development of plants and animals over many generations.
(Bingham, et al, 2005. The Usborne Book of Knowledge)
Texto IV
DEFINITIONS II
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2. Candela b. the visible part of a family of “radiations”: the
electromagnetic spectrum.
3. A sequence c. a very effective “greenhouse gas”.
Texto V
ELEMENTS: DEFINITIONS
An element, atomic weight 4.0026. An inert gas occurring in certain natural gases in
radioactive ores, and in the atmosphere. Non-flammable, very light, valuable for filling
airships and balloons.
An element, atomic weight 118.69. A silvery-white metal, specific gravity 7.31, melting point
231.85ºC, soft, malleable and ductile. Used for tin plating and in many alloys.
The normal oxide of hydrogen. A colorless, odorless liquid, melting point 0º C, boiling point
100ºC. Maximum density of 1.00 grams per cubic centimeter at 4 degrees centigrade.
An element, atomic weight 200.59. A liquid, silvery white metal, specific gravity 13.6, melting
point 357ºC. Used in thermometers. Alloys used in dentistry. Compounds are poisonous.
Some used in medicine.
A colorless, oily acid, specific gravity 1.84. Extremely corrosive. Used extensively in many
processes of chemical industry
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Texto VI
THE SUN
The sun is a sphere of hot gases. It is nearly 150 million kilometres from the earth. It is 4,000
million years old. It is hot in the central core of the sun. The surface of the sun is the
photosphere. On the surface, the temperature is about 6000 degrees centigrade and there
are small dark patches, the sunspots. Below the surface, the temperature is about 35 million
degrees centigrade. Above the photosphere there is a thin layer of gas, the chromosphere.
The chromosphere is only a few thousand miles thick. It is between the photosphere and the
corona.
(Adaptado de Widdowson, 1980. Reading and Thinking in English. Concepts in Use)
D. Responda:
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4. Are the sunspots on the surface or below the surface?
5. What is the photosphere?
6. What is the temperature on the surface of the sun?
7. And below the surface?
8. Where is the chromosphere?
9. How thick is the chromosphere?
Texto VII
MEETINGS
There are various reasons for a meeting. An effective meeting is usually constructive and
useful. There are several matters to consider:
Desired outcomes
Formal or Participants
informal
Timing Location
Papers Equipment
Facilities
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Texto VIII
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Relectura y búsqueda de información
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Sección Gramatical
La Oración
¿Cuál es la estructura más frecuente de la oración?
Ejemplos:
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Sustantivo
Science…
La ciencia…
Artículo + sustantivo
A scientist…
Un científico…
A computer virus…
Un virus informático…
El calor específico…
Electronics /is/ a general word /for/the electronic circuits /used/ for/ the generation/,/
transmission/,/ reception /and /storage /of /information/./ The principle /of /electronics /is/
the electric current/./ The basis /of /electronics /is/ the electronic signal./ There are /four
main electronic components/./ They / are/ the transistor/,/ the resistor/,/ the capacitor /and
/the diode/./The integrated circuit (IC)/ or/ silicon chip / is/ a small piece /of/ silicon /with/
many individual functions/./
(Adaptado de Busso, 2007. Connect with Technology)
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Traducción del texto anterior:
Introducción a la electrónica
Electrónica es un término general para los circuitos electrónicos usados para la generación,
transmisión, recepción y almacenamiento de información. El principio de la electrónica es la
corriente eléctrica. La base de la electrónica es la señal electrónica. Hay cuatro componentes
electrónicos principales. Ellos son el transistor, el resistor, el capacitor y el diodo. El circuito
integrado (CI), o chip de silicio, es una pequeña pieza de silicio con muchas funciones
individuales.
Plurales de Sustantivos
Los sustantivos generalmente manifiestan la variación de número
(singular a plural) agregando las terminaciones -s, -es, -ies.
gas gases
industry industries
Referencias
El siguiente cuadro presenta tipos de referencias que pueden ser elementos
constitutivos de la FN.
Pronombres Adjetivos
Sujeto Objeto Reflexivos Posesivos Posesivos
I me myself mine my
you you yourself yours your
he him himself his his
she her herself hers her
it it itself its its
we us ourselves ours our
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they them themselves theirs their
Cuando una palabra o idea remite a otra, anterior o posterior. Es una de las
formas de dar cohesión a un texto. Por ejemplo:
Physics: It studies the structure of matter and the interactions between the
fundamental constituents of the observable universe. It is concerned with all aspects of
nature. Some people call it “natural philosophy”.
Pronombres demostrativos
Otros elementos que pueden componer la FN son los pronombres
demostrativos que remiten, en general, a palabras, ideas o conceptos ya
mencionados en el texto:
Singulares Plurales
This These
That Those
Presente: am – is – are
Futuro: will be
Gerundio: being
I am I am an engineering student.
You
They
Sujeto/Frase Nominal + Be
Forma Negativa
Ejemplos:
Pronombres Interrogativos
Forma There + be
La forma There + be equivale al verbo “haber”. En tiempo presente se
conjugan como there is y there are. Ambas se traducen “hay”.
Ejemplos:
There are two kinds of energy, kinetic energy and potential energy.
Hay dos clases de energía, energía cinética y energía potencial.
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