1.

Sun Evolution
The Sun's evolution from youngest to oldest stage is:
Select one:
a. White dwarf, red giant, main-sequence, protostar.
b. Protostar, main sequence, red giant, white dwarf.
c. Protostar, red giant, main sequence, white dwarf.
d. Red giant, main sequence, white dwarf, protostar.

2. Stars
Mass, luminosity, temperature, and diameter of stars can be demonstrated:
Select one:
a. For the main sequence stars.
b. On a Hertzsprung-Russel diagram.
c. With Doppler shift.
d. With parallax.

3. Black Holes IlI

The "event horizon" is the boundary defining the region of space around a black hole from
which:
Select one:
a. Only light can escape.
b. Only antimatter can escape.
c. Only matter can escape.
d. Nothing, not even light, can escape.

4. Planetary Nebulae I
How does a planetary nebula form?
Select one:
a. The iron-core of a high-mass star collapses and explodes, expelling an envelope of
mass into space.
b. Supernova explosion.
c. Episodes of helium-burning shells in a low-mass star push envelopes of the star off
into space in the Red Giant phase.
d. Dust and ice particles condense in gas around a newly formed star.

5. Galaxies
Which galaxy can form when two other galaxies collide?
Select one:
a. A collision galaxy.
b. A spiral galaxy.
c. An elliptical galaxy.
d. An irregular galaxy.
6. Galaxy Classification I
Galaxies are classified by:
Select one:
a. Colour.
b. Distance from the Milky Way.
c. Amount of stars.
d. Shape.

7. Star Evolution
When hydrogen fusion ceases in the core of a star:
Select one:
a. The core expands, pushing the outer layers out too.
b. Nothing happens, because the star is in hydrostatic equilibrium.
c. The core contracts, pulling in its surface layers with it.
d. The core contracts and the surface expands outward.

8. Black Holes I
What force allows black holes to absorb light?
Select one:
a. Gravitational field.
b. Weak nuclear force,
c. Strong nuclear force.
d. Electromagnetism.

9. Milky Way
Which electromagnetic radiation emission has been used to map the hydrogen in the Milky
Way?
Select one:
a. X-rays and Gamma Rays
b. Infrared radiation
c. 21 cm radio waves
d. Ultraviolet radiation

10. Doppler Shift in Stars Spectra

The red shifts exhibited by galaxies can be explained by:
Select one:
a. An expanding Universe.
b. Earth's orbital velocity.
c. Expansion of the Milky Way.
d. Kepler's first law.
11. Apparent Magnitude
The apparent magnitude of a celestial object is a measure of.
Select one:
a. Its brightness as seen by an observer on the Sun
b. Its distance from the Earth.
c. Its mass with respect to the solar mass.
d. Its brightness as seen by an observer on Earth.

12. Star Energy Output

Energy output per unit time from the surface of a star is called:
Select one:
a. Absolute magnitude.
b. Luminosity.
c. Apparent magnitude.
d. Spectra.

13. Luminosity of a Quasar

Which statement is true about the luminosity of a quasar:
Select one:
a. Luminosity equals red giant stars.
b. They are the least luminous objects in the universe.
c. They are the most luminous objects in the universe.
d. They are the most luminous objects in the galaxy.

14. Spectra
You would expect a hot dense gas to produce:
Select one:
a. A continuous spectrum.
b. An emission-line spectrum.
c. An absorption spectrum.
d. None of the above.

15. Milky Way Structure Il

The Milky Way galaxy halo:
Select one:
a. Contains globular clusters.
b. Is in the centre of our galaxy.
c. Contains most of the gas and dust.
d. Is smaller than the galaxy disk.
37. Herbig-Haro Objects Il
Indicate which is a possible explanation of the Herbig-Haro Objects. Indicate the most
Select one:
a. The magnetic lines are straight and normal to the accretion disk plane.
b. The magnetic field lines are twisted in two helix shapes, one on each side of the
accretion disk.
c. The gravitational field is responsible for the origin of the Herbig-Haro Objects.
d. None of the above

38. Galaxy Classification Il

With respect to the Hubble classification, the de Vaucouleurs classification:
Select one:
a. Adds the chemical composition of the galaxy.
b. Adds the possible presence of rings.
c. Includes irregular galaxies.
d. Adds the proportion of dark matter in the galaxy.
e. Adds the luminosity of the galaxy.

39. Planetary Nebulae Il

What is left when a planetary nebula dissipates?
Select one:
a. A neutron star.
b. A black hole.
c. A red giant.
d. A white dwarf.

40. Quasar Spectrum

The spectrum of a quasar has:
Select one:
a. A large red shift.
b. A large blue shift.
c. No Doppler shift.
d. Spectral lines similar to a giant star.

41. Thermonuclear Reactions in Stars I

In the entire lifetime of the Sun, how many kinds of thermonuclear reactions occur?
Select one:
a. Many: hydrogen, helium, carbon, oxygen and heavier nuclei fusion, up to silicon.
b. One: hydrogen fusion.
c. Many: from hydrogen to uranium fusions.
d. Two: hydrogen and helium fusions.
42. Black Holes Il
How big does a star that goes supernova, need to be to create a black hole?
Select one:
a. Equal to the size of our sun.
b. Three times (or more) the size of our sun.
c. Half the size of our sun.
d. It does not depend on mass.

32. Centre of the Milky Way

At the centre of the Milky Way is:
Select one:
a. The solar system.
b. A black hole.
c. Planetary nebula
d. The Earth.
e. A neutron star.

34. Magnitude
Stars with larger magnitude
Select one:
a. Magnitude is not related to brightness.
b. Are brighter.
c. Are fainter.
d. Are main-sequence stars.

35. Emission Nebulae

How do emission nebulae emit light?
Select one:
a. The particles glow by themselves.
b. They reflect light off stars near them (outside).
c. They reflect light off planets.
d. They don't.

28. Expanding Universe

Distant galaxies are most likely moving away from us:
Select one:
a. At the same rate as all galaxies.
b. Slower than most galaxies.
c. Slower than nearby galaxies,
d. Faster than nearby galaxies.
29. Main Sequence Stars I
A star enters the main sequence when:
Select one:
a. Nuclear fuel in its core can supply enough energy to stop its collapse
b. It stops fusing nuclear fuel in its core and starts to expand.
c. It forms planets.
d. It collapses, and its envelope becomes degenerate.

26. Quasars
What is a quasar?
Select one:
a. An active galactic nucleus.
b. A globular cluster.
c. An open cluster.
d. Large main sequence star.
e. Rotating neutron star.

25. Main Sequence Stars II

How does a main-sequence star's lifetime depend on its mass?
Select one:
a. The higher the mass, the shorter the lifetime, because it burns fuel more quickly,
b. Lifetime is almost independent of mass.
c. The higher the mass, the longer the lifetime because there's more fuel available

21. Hydrostatic Equilibrium

Hydrostatic equilibrium tells us that:
Select one:
a. The pull of gravity inward is balanced by the force of pressure gradient outward.
b. The energy produced in the core of the star is balanced by the flow of energy from
the star's surface.
c. The star is ready to explode in a supernova.
d. Convective gas is constantly replenished by new hot gas.

22. Solar Spectrum

The spectrum of the Sun shows dark absorption lines of hydrogen against a continuous
spectrum. Which is true?
Select one:
a. The dark absorption lines happen independently from the temperature conditions of
the sun layers.
b. A cooler hydrogen gas must overlay the hot solar surface.
c. The hot solar surface must be covered by a layer of hotter hydrogen gas.
d. A cooler hydrogen absorbing gas must be covered by a hotter dense layer.
48. Near Earth Objects
Amors, Atens, and Apollos are classes of Near Earth Objects (NEO) that are:
Select one:
a. Asteroids and comets nudged by Earth into Jupiter's neighborhood.
b. Asteroids and comets nudged by Jupiter into Earths neighborhood.
c. Asteroids and comets that orbit the Earth.
d. Asteroids and comets observable from Earth that are found in the asteroid belt.