REINFORCED CONCRETE

UNIVERSIDAD INDUSTRIAL DE
SANTANDER

LUIS E. ZAPATA ORDUZ, PhD

Facultad de Ingenierías Físico-Mecánicas
Escuela de Ingeniería Civil

Bucaramanga, II semestre 2022

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RC SHORT COLUMNS

✓ What a RC column is?

Vertical (usually) members that carry loads primarily in compression; as well

as, bending moments, about one or both axes of their cross section
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 Columns are generally referred to as compression members, because the

compression forces [usually] dominate their behavior

<
Pn
Mb >

Interaction equation

Interaction diagram

Interaction diagram
comes from …

Mo Mb Mn
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Pn >
Mb

Material failure

<

Mo Mb Mn
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▪ Columns may be divided into two broad categories:

✓ Short columns: column strength is governed by material´s strength and

geometry of the cross section

✓ Slender columns: column strength may be significantly reduced by lateral

deflections/loads
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Three types of RC compression members in use:

1. Members reinforced with longitudinal bars and transverse ties

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2. Members reinforced with longitudinal bars and continuous spirals

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3. Composite compression members reinforced longitudinally with structural

steel shapes, pipe, or tubing, with/without additional longitudinal bars
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▪ “Main reinforcement” in columns → longitudinal || to the direction of the

axial load → bars are arranged: square, rectangular, or circular patterns

▪ The lower steel limit → bending moments not accounted in analysis and
creep effects of concrete under sustained compression loads
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▪ Because of their greater ductility, CCF of spiral columns have strength-

reduction factor, ϕ = 0.75, rather than the 0.65 value used for tied columns

Pmax|fy
is almost similar

Ductility
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 Strength of Axially Loaded Columns

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where
▪ Ag = gross area of the cross-section
▪ Ast = total area of the longitudinal reinforcement
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Column Design

▪ Safety provisions for columns:

✓ Failure of a column is generally more severe than a beam, because a

column generally supports a larger part of a structure than does a beam
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Collapsed building due to strong beams and weak columns.

NOTE: This figure was uploaded by Akhtar Naeem Khan
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Column Design

▪ Safety provisions for columns:

✓ Failure of a column is generally more severe than a beam, because a

column generally supports a larger part of a structure than does a beam

✓ It is more difficult to do as good a job in placing the concrete for a column

than it is for a beam (especially true in high seismic zones)
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RC SHORT COLUMNS

Column Design

▪ Safety provisions for columns:

✓ Failure of a column is generally more severe than a beam, because a

column generally supports a larger part of a structure than does a beam

✓ It is more difficult to do as good a job in placing the concrete for a column

than it is for a beam

✓ It seems impossible for a column to be perfectly axially loaded, even if

loads could be perfectly centered at one time, it is not forever
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▪ A further limitation on column strength is imposed by ACI Code to allow

for accidental eccentricities of loading not considered in the analysis

Pn
Mb
Never used in design

Maximum used in design

Po

Mo Mb Mn
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EXAMPLE

▪ Find: Po, Pn, max & min{ϕPn, max}. Use f ´c = 4 ksi and fy = 420 MPa.

Ast → 32M
Po