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Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-9967 (Cebu)
Review Module- Reinforced Concrete Design (RCD Columns-USD)

COLUMNS SPIRAL REINFORCEMENTS

NSCP Provisions - ULTIMATE STRENGTH DESIGN A. For cast in place construction, size of spirals shall not be less
10mm diameter.
A. Axially Loaded Columns
B. Clear spacing between spirals shall not exceed 75 mm or be less
e  e than 25 mm.
actual min C. Ratio of spiral reinforcement  s shall not be less than the value
B. Eccentrically Loaded Columns given
e  e
actual min L ֐ ᠜ ֐L ྫྷ֐ 䘨
֐ ᠜Ǥᙉ L ֐ ᠜ ֐L ֐ ࢉ ࢉ ֐ ࢉ
emin= 0.10h for tied column and 0.05h for spiral column

AXIALLY LOADED COLUMNS where:

fy = specified yield strength of spiral reinforcement but not more than
415 MPa.
᠜ ᙉL L fc’ = specified compressive strength of concrete shall not be less
than 17 MPa.
TIED COLUMN Ag = gross area of column
Ac = area of core of spirally reinforced compression member
㼠 䘨ྫྷ ᠜ measured to outside diameter of spiral.
D = diameter of column
NSCP 2001 NSCP 2010/2015 Dc = diameter of concrete core = diameter of column minus the
᠜ ᠜Ǥ concrete cover at both sides.

SPIRAL COLUMN
㼠 䘨ྫྷ ᠜ ᙉ
NSCP 2001/2010/2015
᠜ SITUATION
= Ultimate Axial Load Capacity of the column.
LIMITS OF REINFORCEMENT FOR COLUMN
Area of longitudinal reinforcement for noncomposite compression
members shall not be less than 0.01 or more than 0.08 times
gross area Ag of section.
MINIMUM NUMBER OF BARS
Minimum number of longitudinal bars in compression members
shall be four (4) for bars within rectangular or circular ties, three
(3) for bars within triangular ties, and six (6) for bars enclosed by
spirals.
TIE REINFORCEMENTS FOR COMRESSION MEMBERS
All non prestressed bars shall be enclosed by lateral ties at least
10mm diameter in size for longitudinal bars 32 mm in diameter or
smaller and 12 mm diameter in size for 36 diameter bars and
bundled longitudinal bars.
SITUATION
Given that f’c=28 MPa and fy=275 MPa, determine the ultimate axial
load capacity of the column:
1. A square tied column, 400mm on each side reinforced with 8-
25mm diameter longitudinal bars.
2. A round spiral column having a diameter of 450 mm reinforced
with 6-25mm diameter longitudinal bars.
A reinforced concrete tied column carries a dead axial load of 800 kN
and live axial load of 1025 kN. Use fc’ = 28 MPa and fy = 350MPa
1. Determine the final factored load.
2. Determine the smallest dimension of the column section, using
initial value of steel ratio of 2%, using NSCP 2010/2015.
3. Determine the number of 28 mm  bars.
4. Determine the spacing of 10 mm ties.
SITUATION
A spiral column carries a gravity factored axial dead load of 1200 kN
and factored axial live load of 2100 kN. The column is of average
height and it will be assumed that there is no reduction in strength
due to the effects of slenderness. Use approximately 1.5%
reinforcement. Using fc’ = 27.6 MPa and fy = 415 MPa
1. Determine the required diameter of the spiral column.
2. Determine the number of 28 mm  longitudinal bars.
3. Determine the practical center to center spacing of 10 mm
diameter spiral reinforcement.

SPACING OF LONGITUDINAL BARS

In spirally reinforced or tied reinforced compression members,
clear distance between longitudinal bars shall not be less than
1.5db or less than 40 mm.

SPACING OF TIES
Vertical spacing of ties shall not exceed (a) 16 times the
longitudinal bar diameter; (b) 48 times the tie bar diameter, and;
(c) least dimension of the column.

MINIMUM CLEAR COVER OF TIES

Minimum clear cover shall not be less than the following
a.) 40 mm
b.) diameter of vertical bars
c.) 1 1 the maximum size of coarse aggregate
3
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
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(032) 254-9967 (Cebu)

ECCENTRICALLY LOADED COLUMN ECCENTRICALLY LOADED COLUMNS

Analytical Method Interaction Diagram

SITUATION 3
Using the same given in Situation 3 and Using Interaction diagram,
ࢉ䘨 ࢉ ֐ determine the following.
1) Determine Pn when e=300 mm.
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 2)Determine Pn when e=370 mm.

SITUATION 4
A spiral column having a diameter of 500 mm is reinforced with 8-22m
 vertical bars. The diameter of spiral is 12mm  and clear steel
covering is 40 mm. Use fc’ = 27.6 MPa and fy = 415 MPa. Consider the
ratio of the center to center reinforcement distance to the length of side
of column is equal to 0.70.

Compression Transition Tension 1) Determine the steel ratio in percent.

Controlled Zone Controlled 2) Determine Pn if the eccentricity is of 200 mm using the interaction
᠜ diagram
᠜ ٫
SLENDER COLUMN
PROVISIONS FROM NSCP 2015
Strength Reduction Factor for Flexure and Flexure with Axial.
406.2.5 Slenderness effects shall be permitted to be
neglected if (a) or (b) is satisfied:

a. For columns not braced against sidesway

b. For columns braced against sidesway

㼠
Ǥ
and
㼠
Ǥ

SITUATION 1 where M1/M2 is negative if the column is bent in single

A 325 mm x 500 mm column is reinforced with 8 -28mm  bars,
four bars distributed equally in short dimension with steel covering
of 75 mm. f’c = 27.6 MPa and fy = 415 MPa. Consider eccentricity
measured along the longer side.
1) Determine the load Pbal for balanced failure.
2) Determine the eccentricity ebal for balanced failure.
3) Determine the moment Mbal for balanced failure.
4) Determine Pn and Pu when e=300 mm.
5) Determine Pn and Pu when e=370mm.
curvature, and positive for double curvature.
If bracing elements resisting lateral movement of a storey
have a total stiffness of at least 12 times the gross lateral
stiffness of the columns in the direction considered, it
shall be permitted to consider columns within the storey
to be braced against side sway.
406.2.5.1 The radius of gyration, r, shall be permitted to
be calculated by (a),(b),or (c):

SITUATION 2: (Nov 2018 CE Board Exam) a.

Details of a rectangular column are as follows:
Column width along X-axis=250 mm
Column Depth along the Y-axis=600 mm b. 0.30 times the dimension in the direction stability
8-25 mm diameter bars distributed equally along the longer sides. is being considered for rectangular columns;
10 mm diameter ties spaced at 10 mm on centers
Concrete 28th day Compressive strength, fc;=20.7 MPa c. 0.25 times the diameter of circular columns.
Reinforcing Steel yield strength, fy=415 MPa
Assume that compression steel yields.
406.6.4.5 MOMENT MAGNIFICATION METHOD:
1. Which of the following gives the nominal balanced load Pb (kN). Non Sway Frames
a=90.4mm
A.2584 C. 954 406.6.4.5.1 The factored moment used for design of columns
B. 2028 D. 1320 and walls, Mc shall be the first-order factored moment M2
amplified for the effects of member curvature.
2. Which of the following gives the nominal axial load (kN) that the
column can carry at an eccentricity of 200 mm along the X axis from
the centroidal Y-axis.
A.1320 C. 796
B. 398 D. 1584
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(032) 254-9967 (Cebu)

406.6.4.5.2 Magnification factor shall be calculated

by: 406.6.4.5.4 M2 in Eq. 406.6.4.5. l shall be at least
M2, min calculated according to Eq. 406.6.4.5.4 about
᠜ each axis separately.
᠜
֐ 㼠 ᙉ ᠜ ٫
406.6.4.5.3 shall be in accordance with (a) or (b); M2, min exceeds M2 , Cm shall be taken equal to 1.0 or
calculated based on the ratio of the calculated end
a. moments M1 /M2 using Eq. 406.6.4.5.3a.

᠜b ᠜Ǥ
SITUATION 6
Additional notes for Cm: (as per PCA notes on ACI) The tied column in the figure has been approximately sized to the
᠜b ᠜Ǥ ᠜Ǥ dimensions 375mm x 300mm. It is to be used in a frame against
sidesway. The column is bent in single curvature about its stronger axis
and has an unsupported length of 5m. If k=0.8, fy=415 MPa and fc’=
b. For columns with transverse loads applied between 28MPa and factored dead load of 187.6 kN. Assume normal weight
supports. concrete.

*Calculation of
406.6.4.4.2 The critical buckling load, Pc, shall be
calculated by:
t ࢉLL
㼠

406.6.4.4.3 The effective length factor k shall be calculated

using Ec in accordance with Section 419 .2.2 and I in
accordance with Section 406.6.3.1.1. For non-sway members,
k shall be permitted to be taken as 1.0, and for sway members,
k shall be at least 1.0. 1) Calculate the slenderness ratio and determine, if slenderness
effects should be considered or neglected.
406.6.4.4.4 For non-composite columns, (El)eff shall 2) Calculate the magnified moment.
be calculated in accordance with (a), (b), or (c):

a.

᠜Ǥ t
t ࢉLL Ǥ b᠜b᠜Ǥ᠜Ǥ᠜Ǥ䘨٫
b.

᠜ t t ࢉ
t ࢉLL Ǥ b᠜b᠜Ǥ᠜Ǥ᠜Ǥ ٫
c.

t
t ࢉLL Ǥ b᠜b᠜Ǥ᠜Ǥ᠜Ǥ ٫
Where shall be the ratio of maximum factored
sustained axial load to maximum factored axial load associated
with the same load combination and in Eq.406.6.4.4.4c is calculated
according to Table 406.6.3. l. l (b) for columns and walls.

Table 406.3.3.1 (b)

Additional notes for : (As per ACI 318-14M Commentary)

For simplification, it can be assumed that ᠜Ǥ. In this
case Eq. (6.6.4.4.4a) becomes ᠜ . should not be taken
greater than 1.0.
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-9967 (Cebu)

INTERACTION DIAGRAM