Math 3rd PT

POINTERS:
1. Conic Section: Circle
a. Midpoint Formula
b. Distance Formula
c. Standard Equation
d. General Equation
e. Graphing a Circle

Conic Section: Circle

Midpoint
● On a Number Line, the midpoint is the average(or simply the middle) of the coordinates
of the endpoints.
a+b
○ The coordinate of the midpoint M of AB is
2

● In the Coordinate Plane, the coordinates of the midpoint are the average of the x-
coordinates and the average of the y-coordinates of the endpoints.
○ Given AB where A( x 1, y 1) and B( x 2, y 2), the coordinates of the midpoint AB of are
x1 + x 2 y 1+ y2
M( , )
2 2

● Ex. #1: Find the coordinates of M, the midpoint of JK if J(-1, 2) and K(6, 1)
○ (-1, 2) = (x₁, y ₁) and (6, 1) = (x₂, y ₂) → Label the coordinates
 x1 + x 2 y 1+ y2
○ ( , )
2 2
−1❑ + 6 2❑+1
○ ( , ) → substitute the terms and make sure to follow the labels
2 2
5 3
○ ( , )
2 2

● Ex. #2: GIVEN 3 and 5

3❑+ 5 8
○ = =4
2 2

● Ex. #3: EF has endpoints E(7, 5) and F(2, (-4)). Find its midpoint M.
7❑ +2 5❑ +(−4)
○ ( , )
2 2
○ (4.5, 0.5)

Distance
● The formula for the distance between two points (x₁, y ₁) and (x₂, y ₂): √ ❑

● Ex. #1: Sharon hits a golf ball 12 feet above the hole and 3 feet on the left. Her first putt
traveled 2 feet above the cup and 1 foot to the right. How far did the ball travel?
○ Solution:
Points: (-3, 12) = (x₁, y ₁) and (1, 2) = (x₂, y ₂) → Label the given points
D = √❑
D = √ ❑ → Substitute each term according to its label

D = √❑
D = √ ❑ → Simplify

D = √❑
D = 10.77 feet

Standard Equation
● r 2=( x−h)2 +( y−k )2

● Writing an Equation given the Diameter (a 1, b 1) , (a 2, b 2)

○ Find the center by using the Midpoint Formula.

a1 +a2 b1 +b 2
M( , )=(h , k)
2 2
○ Find the radius using the Distance Formula.
 d= √❑
○ Write the Equation of the Formula in Standard Form.
2 2 2
r =( x−h) +( y−k )

● Ex. #1: GIVEN | (2, −3) , (4 , 1)

○ FInd the center by using the Midpoint Formula.
2+ 4 −3+ 1
M( , )=(3 ,−1)
2 2
○ Find the radius using the Distance Formula.
d= √ ❑
d= √ ❑
d= √ ❑
d= √ ❑
d= √ ❑
○ Write the Equation of the Formula in Standard Form.
❑ 2 2
√ ❑ ¿( x −3) +( y−(−1))
2 2
5=(x−3) +( y +1)

General Equation
● Determining the Radius and Center

● Ex. #1: GIVEN x 2 + y 2 + 14x - 12y + 4 = 0

2 2
○ x + y + 14x - 12y = -4 → First, make sure to transpose every term to the left
except for the constant

○ ( x 2 + 14x + __ ) + ( y 2 - 12y + __ ) = -4 → Group them according to like terms

○ ( x 2 + 14x + 49) + ( y 2 - 12y + 36) = -4 + 49 + 36 → To get missing terms, substitute

b 2. For every term you add to the left side, add to the right
( )
2
○ (x +7)2 + ( y−6)2 = √ ❑ → standard form
○ C = (-7, 6) r = 9 → In writing the final answer, convert the points to their

opposite signs and get the square root of your radius. (r 2 = 81, so get the

square root for both sides in order to have r = 9.)

● Ex. #2: GIVEN 137 + 6y = - x 2 - y 2 - 24x

 2 2
○ x + y + 24x + 6y = -137 → transpose
○ ( x 2 + 24x + __ ) + ( y 2 + 6y + __ ) = -137 → group

○ ( x 2 + 24x + 144) + ( y 2 + 6y + 9) = -137 + 144 + 9 → find missing terms and add to the

right side

○ (x +12)2 + ( y +3)2 = √ ❑ → standard form and square root of the constant

○ C = (-12, -3) r= 4 → get the opposite signs and square root of the radius

Graphing a Circle
● Using the coordinates of midpoint (C), place a point on the graph
● Use the radius to count (r) points up, down, left, and right.
● Connect all 4 points as a Circle

● Ex. #1:
○ GIVEN : x 2+ y 2−6 x+ 4 y + 4=0

○ Convert to Standard Equation

2 2
○ (x −6 x +9)+( y + 4 y + 4) = −4+9+4
2 2
○ ( x−3) + ( y +2) = √ ❑
○ C = (3, -2)
○ r=3

● Ex. #2:
○ GIVEN : 2 x 2+ 2 y 2−20 x +20 y +50=0

○ Remove the coefficient by dividing the equation by its value

2 x 2 +2 y 2−20 x+20 y +50=0

○
2
○ x 2+ y 2−10 x+10 y +25=0
○ Convert to Standard Equation

○ ( x 2−10 x+ 25)+( y 2 +10 y+ 25) = −25+25+ 25

2 2
○ (x−5) + ( y−5) = √ ❑
○ C = (5, 5)
○ r=5
 ESM PPT: Head tutor: Manjho Broniola , PPT: Nicolette Forte & Janelle Reyes
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