MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

WORKBOOK-III

NAME: Mohammed satam shalan

I.D: 211110111
Fill up the “Work Book “ & email to: z.iqbal@sr.edu.sa

TO BE SUBMITTED BY 22/12/2021

Exercise-1:
Provide the medical terms given the meanings below.
 1. Enlargement of the liver hepatomegaly
2. Pain in the ear otalgia
3. Holding back blood from an organ (depriving it of blood supply) ischemia
4. Abnormal condition of white blood cells (slight increase in normal cells to fight
infection) leukocytosis
5. Abnormal condition of the lung (inflammation and accumulation of material often caused
by bacterial infection) pneumonia
6. Tumor (malignant) of bone marrow myeloma
7. Inflammation of the tube leading from the throat to the stomach esophagitis
8. Disease of heart muscle cardiomyopathy
9. Collection or mass of blood hematoma
10. Tumor (cancerous) of glandular tissue adenocarcinoma

Select from the following terms to complete the sentences below.

Angiography Colocolostomy Mammogram

Angioplasty Colostomy Oophorectomy

Bronchoscopy Hysterectomy Phlebotomy

Chemotherapy Laryngoscopy Thoracentesis

 1. Surgical repair of a blood vessel using a catheter, balloon and stent is angioplasty
2. Treatment using chemicals to destroy malignant cells is chemotherapy
3. X-ray record of the breast is a/an mammogram
4. Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the chest is thoracentesis
5. A new opening of the large intestine to the outside of the body is a/an colocostomy
6. A new internal connection (anastomosis) between two parts of the large intestine is a/an
colostomy
7. Removal of the uterus is a/an hysterectomy
8. Process of recording x-ray images of blood vessels after injection of contrast is
angiography
9. Visual examination of the voice box is laryngoscopy
10. Incision of a vein to withdraw blood is phlebotomy

Matching

Match the procedure from Column I with an abnormal condition (diagnosis) it is associated
with in Column II.

11. Angioplasty H A. uterine adenocarcinoma

12. Mammoplasty F B. ligament tear of the patella (kneecap)
13. Cholecystectomy I C. ovarian cyst
14. Tonsillectomy J D. blockage of the windpipe
15. Dialysis E E. renal failure
16. Hysterectomy A F. absence of a breast (post-mastectomy)
17. Thoracentesis G G. pleural effusion (collection of fluid)
18. Oophorectomy C H. coronary atherosclerosis
19. Tracheostomy D I. gallbladder calculi (stones)
20. Arthroscopy B J. pharyngeal lymph node enlargement

Match the sign/symptom from Column I with an organ or tissue in Column II.
1. Colitis E A. uterus
2. Phlebitis G B. ear
3. Menorrhagia A C. bone marrow
4. Myocardial ischemia D D. coronary arteries
5. otalgia B E. large bowel
6. uremia H F. membrane surrounding spinal cord or
brain
7. meningitis F G. vein
8. leukemia C H. kidney
Distinguish between the following terms. You may need to look some up outside of the resources
provided:

Septicemia and bacteremia

Septicemia: infection in the blood

Bacteremia: type of a one celled organism whose gemetic material is not organized within nucleus

Leukocytosis and leukemia

Leukocytosis: slight increase in the number of white blood cells in response to an infection

Leukemia: increase in malignant WBCs in blood and bone marrow

Cardiomyopathy and myocardial infarction (MI)

Cardiomyopathy: disease of heart muscle

myocardial infarction: area of dead tissue, heart attack

Menorrhea and menorrhagia

Menorrhea: normal discharge of blood from the uterine lining

Menorrhagia: excessive bleeding during mensturation

Hematuria and uremia

Hematuria: abnormal condition of blood in the urine

Uremia: abnormal condition of excessive amount of urea in the blood

Distinguish between the following terms (cont’d)

Radiotherapy and radiology

Radiotherapy: treatment of disease with high energy x-ray

Radiology: science of using x-ray in the diagnosis illness

-tomy and –stomy

Tomy: incision

Stomy: excision
Underline the boldface term that best completes the meaning of the sentences in the following medical
vignettes.

After a routine breast self-examination, Nora felt a small lump in her breast. She consulted her doctor, who
scheduled a diagnostic (mammoplasty, mastectomy, mammogram). The examination showed a stellate
(star-shaped) mass, and a (biopsy, necropsy, laparoscopy) revealed an infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Nora
decided to have her breast removed (hysterectomy, mastectomy, salpingectomy), although her physician
gave her the option of having lumpectomy followed by (cryotherapy, thoracotomy, radiotherapy).

Sylvia had irregular bleeding in between her periods. She was 50 years old and beginning menopause. On
pelvic exam, Dr. Hawk felt a large, lobulated uterus. Biopsy revealed a large fibroid, which is a benign (non-
cancerous) tumor of muscle tissue (myeloma, myoma, hematoma). The doctor discussed three surgical
options: removal of the fibroid, blockage of blood flow to the fibroid (embolization), or a total abdominal
(gastrectomy, hysterectomy, cholecystectomy).

Sam was experiencing cramps, diarrhea, and low-grade fever. He was diagnosed with ulcerative (colitis,
meningitis, laryngitis) and had sever bouts of (uremia, menorrhagia, septicemia) caused by inflammation
and rupture of the bowel wall.

Bill felt chest pain every time he climbed a flight of stairs. He went to his doctor, who did a coronary
(myelogram, angiogram, dialysis), which revealed (adenocarcinoma, nephrosis, atherosclerosis) in one of
his coronary arteries. The doctor recommended (angioplasty, thoracentesis, amniocentesis). This would
prevent further (myosarcoma, ischemia, leukocytosis) and help Bill avoid a (peritoneal, vascular,
myocardial) infarction, or heart attack, in the future.
Principal diagnosis

Physician notes:

A 45-year-old obsess woman presents complaining of menorrhagia with cramping pelvic pain, dizziness when
standing, and rapid heart rate. Manual physical examination demonstrates multiple enlarged masses in her
uterus. Blood workup reveals low RBCs [red blood cells] and hematocrit [% of RBC in a volume of blood],
normal WBCs and platelets, and slightly elevated blood sugar level. U/S [ultrasound] of the abdomen and
pelvis shows multiple fibroids [leiomyomas] of the uterine wall. Patient is admitted to the hospital with
recommendation for hysterectomy. During the course of admission she peaks to the resident dietitian about a
compulsive eating disorder and agrees to undergo therapy at the hospital’s weight loss clinic.

Using the information presented in these notes, select the principal diagnosis from the following:

A. Pelvic pain – female

B. Obesity
C. Anemia
D. Menorrhagia
E. Fibroid uterus
Exercise-2
Provide the medical terms given the meanings below.

1. Without speech: aphasia

2. Lack of menstrual flow: amenorrhea
3. Before birth: prenatal
4. Glands located near the kidneys: adrenal glands
5. An irregularity appearing with birth: congenital anomaly
6. Separation of waste material from the blood when the kidneys fail: dialysis

Select from the following terms to complete the sentences below.

Analysis Antigen Bradycardia

Anemia Apnea Diarrhea

Antibiotic Atrophy

Antibody Bilateral

1. A patient with hearing loss in both ears has a/an bilateral condition.
2. When airways collapse or are blocked during sleep, a condition called sleep apnea may
occur.
3. A protein produced by white blood cells in response to a foreign substance, such as a
bacterium or virus, is a/an antibody
4. A foreign substance, such as a bacterium or virus, is a/an antigen
5. Decrease in hemoglobin in the blood to below the normal range produces a condition
known as anemia
6. A condition of frequent loose, watery stools that seem to “flow through” the body is
called diarrhea
7. The separation of substances into their component parts is known as analysis
8. A medication produced from molds or synthesized in a laboratory to destroy
microorganisms is a/an antibiotic
9. A condition in which the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute is bradycardia
10. Having an arm in a cast and not using it can cause atrophy
Select from the following terms to complete the sentences below.

Prolapse Remission Tachypnea

Prosthesis Resection Tricuspid

Quadriplegia Subtotal Ultrasonography

Relapse Syndrome Unilateral

1. Removal or cutting out of an organ is a/an resection

2. Test that shows the structure of organs using sound waves beyond the normal range of
hearing is Ultrasonography
3. An artificial part of the body is a/an prosthesis
4. Recurrence of symptoms of an illness is a/an relapse
5. Recovery and disappearance of symptoms is a/an remission
6. Rapid breathing is tachypnea
7. The tricuspid valve has three parts and is on the right side of the heart, between the upper
and lower chambers.
8. If a patient has a/an subtotal gastrectomy, less than the complete stomach is removed.

Match the abnormal condition in Column I with the organ, lesion, or body part in Column II
that may be involved in or cause the condition.

a) Urinary bladder
1. Aphagia H
b) Uterus
2. Diarrhea G
c) brain lesion
3. Quadriplegia C
d) pancreas
4. Hyperglycemia D
 e) lungs
5. Dysuria A
f) heart
6. Paraplegia I
7. amenorrhea B g) colon
h) esophagus
8. Bradycardia F
i) lumbar spinal cord lesion
9. Dyspnea E
Distinguish between/among the following terms. You may need to look some up outside of the
resources provided:

Symptom and clinical sign

Symptom: an effect noticed and experienced only by the person who has the condition

Clinical sign: the effect of a health problem that can be observed by someone else

-plasia, -phagia, phasia

Plasia: development, growth

Phagia: eating, swallowing

Phasia: speech

malignant and benign

malignant: tumor that is cancerous

benign: cells in the tumor are normal

Disease description: Hyperthyroidism: more than the normal activity of the thyroid

From the list below, select terms to complete the sentences in the paragraphs that follow.

Antibiotics

Antibodies

Bradycardia

Dyspnea

Exophthalmos

Goiter

Hyperplastic

Hypersecretion
Hypoplastic

Hyposecretion

Neoplastic

Tachycardia

Hyperthyroidism, also known as thyrotoxicosis or Graves disease, is marked by an excess of thyroid

hormones. There is much evidence for a hereditary factor in the development of this condition, and
some researchers consider it to be an autoimmune disorder caused by antibodies that bind to the
surface of thyroid gland cells and stimulate hypersecretion of hormones (T3 and T4 – triiodothyronine
and thyroxine). On histologic examination, the enlarged gland is composed of hyperplastic follicles lined
with hyperactive cells.

Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism include restlessness, insomnia, weight loss, sweating, and rapid
heart beat, or tachycardia Abnormal protrusion of the eyes, known as Exophthalmos is another clinical
sign. The patient typically also has an enlarged thyroid gland, called a/an goiter

Using the images at the left, answer the following two questions.

These images show the hands of infants with (hint: the combining
form for fingers is dactyl/o):

a. syndactyly
b. condactyly
c. transdactyly
d. polydactyly

This condition occurs as a/an:

a. neoplastic anomaly
b. congenital anomaly
c. hypertensive anomaly
d. ectopic pregnancy
Principal diagnosis

Physician notes:

A 22-year-old sexually active female presents to the emergency department with history of
temperature of 104° for 2 days, vomiting, diarrhea, and a red spotty rash over her chest and abdomen.
She reports that she remembered not removing a tampon from her last menstrual cycle until a week
after she had stopped menstruating. Other complains include dysmenorrhea and dysuria.

Physical examination does not reveal an acute abdomen [sudden, severe abdominal pain] or any
RLQ tenderness. Blood test is negative for HCG [human chorionic gonadotropin or pregnancy test]; CBC
reveals elevated white blood cell count; blood cultures are positive for staphylococci.

The patient’s fever and dehydration do not subside with initial emergency care and she is
subsequently admitted to the hospital. She is seen by a physician from ID [infections disease], which
confirms that the retained tampon has resulted in the above conditions. He condition improves with IV
fluids and antibiotics.

Using the information presented in these notes, select the principal diagnosis from the following:

A. dehydration
B. fever
C. toxic shock syndrome (TSS) with Staphylococcus aureus
D. rash
E. nausea/vomiting
Underline the boldface term that best completes the meaning of the sentences in the following
medical vignettes.

As part of her (intravenous, postpartum, prenatal) care, Beatrix underwent (ultrasonography,

endoscopy, urinalysis) to determine the age, size, and development of her fetus.

Ellen’s pregnancy test was positive, but she had excruciating pelvic pain. After a careful pelvic exam and
ultrasound scan, the doctors diagnosed a/an (epidural, ectopic, subscapular) pregnancy. She then
underwent emergency surgery to remove the implanted tissue from the fallopian tube.

After noticing a suspicious mole on her upper arm, Carole was diagnosed with (malignant, benign,
subtotal) melanoma. This type of skin cancer is a/an (intrauterine, extrahepatic, neoplastic) process
and has a high likelihood of (paralysis, dysplasia, metastasis) to other areas of the body.

Carole’s daughter, Annabelle, found a mole on her back and quickly had it checked by her physician.
Fortunately, after a biopsy, the pathologic exam revealed a (transabdominal, precancerous, perianal)
nevus (mole) that was considered (chronic, unilateral, benign). In the future, Annabelle will need close
follow up for other suspicious lesions.

Milton’s blood pressure was 160/110 mm Hg. Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg. To reduce
Milton’s risk of stroke, his physician prescribed medication to treat his (bradycardia, hypertension,
dyspnea).