BLOCK

1.5
DIGESTION AND
DEFENSE-I
(2022 – 2023)

Coordinator: Dr. Ahmed ElSayed Hassan

Co-coordinator: Prof. Inas Zakaria
 Block Planning
•Group:
Coordinator: Dr. Ahmed Hassan.
• Co-coordinator: Prof. Inas Zakaria.

• Tutors:
• Other colleagues:
1. Prof. Khawaja Haider.
1. Dr. Wassan Al Khuwaiter.
2. Dr. Ihab Harbieh.
2. Dr. Hany Lotfy
3. Dr. Wael Maher.
3. Dr. Ahmed El Bana.
4. Dr. Majid Ali.
4. Dr. Ahmed Hassaneen.
5. Dr. Doaa Zineldeen 5. Dr. Samah Al Juaidi.
6. Dr. Dalia Magdi. 6. Dr. Quazi Tareq.
7. Dr. Heba Shoukry. 7. Dr. Jullian Saquib.
8. Dr. Norshalizah 8. Dr. Mohammed Alqarny (HPEU).
9. Dr. Masooma Ahmed 9. PDQA.

• Students:
1. Mr. AbdulRahman Mossa (1st-year medical student)
2. Ms. Batool Aybour (1st-year medical student)
3. Mr. Osama Aboali (2nd-year medical student)
4. Ms. Zilal Alchalabi (2nd-year medical
student)
 Introductio
n
• The block is centered around the digestive system and the corresponding
organs (i.e., mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gall
bladder and pancreas).

• It covers the regulation of food intake, the breakdown of food and the
uptake of nutrients, which requires collaboration between the organs
mentioned above.

• The block focuses on the anatomy and the normal physiology of the
digestive tract as a preparation for the second year (block 2.4), in which
pathophysiology will be covered in further detail.
• Our body is exposed to large numbers of microorganisms; our own
flora, as well as possible pathogens (viruses, bacteria and parasites).
An effective immune system is essential to prevent or fight such
infections.

• This block addresses the mechanisms of the innate (non-specific)

and adaptive (specific) immune system and information about
microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi...etc).

• The block will give attention to the use of statistical tests,

association measures and different types of medical professional
information.
• The subjects included in this block are presented in

case studies supported and illustrated by

lectures, practical and skills training sessions.
Block Themes &
Objectives
THEME
1
Anatomy, Histology, Physiology of
GIT Biochemistry
The digestive system:
1. Structure and function of the organs of the oral cavity, teeth, tongue, salivary
glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, liver, pancreas, and
gall bladder.
2. At organ level: physiology of swallowing, secretion, and composition of saliva,
secretion of gastric juice and protection against its acidity, endocrine and exocrine
functions of the pancreas, function of bile, and the other functions of the liver.
3. Hormonal and neural regulation of food intake and digestion.
4. The motility of the digestive tract, e.g. emptying of the stomach, peristalsis of the
small and large intestines, and the mechanisms of diarrhea and constipation.
5. Composition of food, the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates and fats and the
absorption of these nutrients as well as of minerals, vitamins, electrolytes, and
water.
6. Biotransformation and the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
 THEME
(Immunology)
2
Defense and immunity
1. The main classes and functions
of leukocytes.
2. The inflammatory processes
(Acute and Chronic).
3. The cells and components of the
innate and adaptive immune
systems;
4. The types of lymphoid organs and tissues; especially the mucosa-associated
tissues of the digestive tract.
5. The processes of the specific cellular and humoral immune response.
6. Acquired immunity (immunological memory) and the use of vaccinations to
acquire immunity without actually having the infectious disease.
THEME
3
(Microbiology)
Microorganisms
1. Structure and replication of bacteria and viruses.
2. The composition and function of the commensal flora in the digestive tract.
3. The main pathogenic microorganisms in the digestive system.
4. The mechanism of action of antibiotics and the mechanisms of
antibiotic
resistance.

Others: Skills lab, imaging techniques, and statistics.

5. To carry out and interpret the examination of the mouth, throat and neck,
abdomen, and injection techniques.
2. To know the different imaging techniques (endoscopy and CT) of the GIT.
3. To apply relevant statistical tests and association measures.
 Block
contents
Link to the cases
Cases 1-6 Cases 8, 9, 10, 11 Cases 7, 12

Anatomy Immunology Microbiology

Histology Virology
Physiology
Metabolism
 List of
Lecture
Lectures Facilitator

Males Females

Block Opening Dr. Ahmed Hassan & Prof. Inas

Anatomy of digestive tract (1)
Dr. Ahmed El Bana Dr. Masooma
Anatomy of digestive tract (2)
Motility of digestive tract Dr. Heba Shoukry
Dr. Ahmed Hassan
Regulation food intake, digestion and absorption Dr. Nour
Alsaheen

Antacids Prof. Khawaja Haider Dr. syeda Aysha

Metabolism I
Dr. Mazhar Mushtaq Dr. Doaa Zineldeen
Metabolism II
Lymphoid tissues
Dr. Wael Maher Dr. Dalia Magdi
Inflammation
Bacterial infection & Antibiotics
Introduction to immunology & Innate immunity
Dr. Hany Lotfy Prof. Inas Zakaria
Adaptive immune system
Virology & Viral hepatitis
Symposium Imaging techniques Dr. Mohammad Altariqi
International medicine Dr. Ihab Harbieh
Comparing groups: binary outcome
Dr. Nazmus Dr. Juliann
Measures of Association
 Practical Training
Sessions
Topic Males Females
Surface Anatomy of abdominal organs
Dr. Masooma
Prof. M. Zia Iqbal
Abdomen Macroscopic Anatomy

Histology of the Digestive Tract -1

Dr. Abdul Rahman Khan Dr. Norshalizah
Histology of the Digestive Tract -2

Practical hematology (WBCs)

A self-training Hematology program (Hemosurf) Dr. Ahmed Hassaneen Dr. Dalia Magdi

Microbiology-1
Dr. Hany Lotfy Prof. Inas Zakaria
Microbiology-2

Practical Epidemiology 1: Statistics workshop

Dr. Nazmus Dr. Juliann
Practical Epidemiology 2: Measures of Association
SKILLS
LAB
Topic Males Females

Examination of the Head and Neck Dr. Quasi Tareq Dr. Samah

Training Abdomen Dr. Quasi Tareq Dr. Samah

Training Injection II Dr. Quasi Tareq Dr. Samah

 ASSIGNMENTS
1. Personal Formularium Assignment (Pharmacology):
• As students practiced in blocks 1.1, 1.2, they will make this
and 1.4, assignment in the web-based program
www.pscribe.eu.
• The deadline for the submission is (TBD).

2. Immunology concept
• A concept map of the(mind)
immunemap:
system should be made that explains its
construction.
• The submission date: Sunday, 21st May 2023.

3. Biochemistry concept (mind) map:

• A concept map of the biochemical reactions that explains the biochemical
reactions and the relation between them.
• The submission date: Sunday, 21st May 2023.
Immunology Mind
Maps
Metabolism Map
 ASSESSMENT
PLAN
Mid-Block Exam (20%):
• On Tuesday 2nd May 2023
• Contents: Cases 1-6 and relevant lectures.
• Allowed time: 90 minutes.
• MEQs.

Concept maps (10%):

• Deadline for Submission: Sunday, 21st May 2023.
• Contents: Immunology (5%) + Biochemistry mind maps (5%).

Practical Quiz (10%):

• On Sunday, 21st May 2023.
• Contents: All laboratory training.

End of Block Exam (60%):

• On Thursday, 25th May 2023.
• Allowed time: 120 minutes.
• MCQs.
Recommended
Resources:
1. General Physiology Textbooks:
• Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology 14th Ed. (2020).
• Berne and Levy PHYSIOLOGY (7th Edition, 2018) by ELSEVIER.
2. GIT physiology Textbook:
• Gastrointestinal Physiology: Mosby Physiology Monograph Series by Johnson, Leonard (8th edition, 2014).
• The digestive system. Basic science and clinical conditions. Margaret E. Smith, Dion G. Morton. Second
edition.
3. Anatomy Textbooks:
• Gray’s Anatomy for Students. Richard Drake; A Wayne Vogl; Adam WM Mitchell. Elsevier. 4th edition. 2019.
• Clinically Oriented Anatomy; Keith L Moore, Arthur F. Dalley, Anne M. R. Agur; (8th edition, 2018).
4. Histology Textbook:
• Junqueira's Basic Histology Text & Atlas (15th edition, 2018).
5. Biochemistry Textbook:
• Stryer (Berg, Tymoczko, Stryer), 9th edition, 2019. Biochemistry.
6. Microbiology Textbooks:
• Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy. Robert W. Bauman, Global Edition-Pearson (2016)
• Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology. Warren Levinson. Lange. 14th Edition. 2016.
• Essential Human Virology. Jennifer Louten. Elsevier. 2016. Chapter 12.
7. Immunolog Textbooks:
• Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy. Robert W. Bauman, Global Edition-Pearson (2016)
• Roitt’s Essential Immunology. Peter J. Delves, Seamus J. Martin, Dennis R. Burton and Ivan M. Roitt. Publisher:
John Wiley & Sons. 13th edition, 2017.
• Kaplan Lecture Notes. Immunology and Microbiology. Tiffany and Kim Moscatello. 2018.