Laminar Flow Equations

Flow Consistent Units Imperial Units (𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 or 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇/𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎) Metric Units (𝑵𝑵/𝒎𝒎𝟐𝟐 or 𝒎𝒎/𝒔𝒔)
Pipe � 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖(𝒀𝒀𝒀𝒀)
𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖(𝑷𝑷𝑽𝑽)𝓥𝓥 𝑳𝑳(𝑷𝑷𝑽𝑽)𝓥𝓥� 𝑳𝑳(𝒀𝒀𝒀𝒀) � 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝑳𝑳(𝒀𝒀𝒀𝒀)
𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝑳𝑳(𝑷𝑷𝑽𝑽)𝓥𝓥
+ + +
ΔP 𝑹𝑹𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝑫𝑫𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝑫𝑫𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
Bingham Plastic Model

𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 + 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗�𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝟐𝟐 + 𝟖𝟖. 𝟐𝟐𝝆𝝆𝑫𝑫𝟐𝟐 𝒀𝒀𝒀𝒀 𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷 + �𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝟐𝟐 + 𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝝆𝝆𝑫𝑫𝟐𝟐 𝒀𝒀𝒀𝒀
Vc 𝝆𝝆𝑫𝑫
𝟏𝟏. 𝟓𝟓 �
𝝆𝝆𝑫𝑫
�

�
𝑳𝑳(𝑷𝑷𝑽𝑽)𝓥𝓥 𝑳𝑳(𝒀𝒀𝒀𝒀)
Annular �
𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝑳𝑳(𝑷𝑷𝑽𝑽)𝓥𝓥
+
𝟔𝟔𝑳𝑳(𝒀𝒀𝒀𝒀)
𝟐𝟐
+ �
𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑳𝑳(𝑷𝑷𝑽𝑽)𝓥𝓥
+
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝑳𝑳(𝒀𝒀𝒀𝒀)
𝟐𝟐 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔�𝑫𝑫𝒉𝒉 − 𝑫𝑫𝒑𝒑 � 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐�𝑫𝑫𝒉𝒉 − 𝑫𝑫𝒑𝒑 � 𝟐𝟐
ΔP �𝑫𝑫𝒉𝒉 − 𝑫𝑫𝒑𝒑 � �𝑫𝑫𝒉𝒉 − 𝑫𝑫𝒑𝒑 � �𝑫𝑫𝒉𝒉 − 𝑫𝑫𝒑𝒑 � �𝑫𝑫𝒉𝒉 − 𝑫𝑫𝒑𝒑 �

𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 + 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗�𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝟐𝟐 + 𝟔𝟔. 𝟐𝟐𝝆𝝆𝑫𝑫𝟐𝟐𝒆𝒆 𝒀𝒀𝒀𝒀 𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷 + �𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝟐𝟐 + 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝝆𝝆𝑫𝑫𝟐𝟐𝒆𝒆 𝒀𝒀𝒀𝒀
Vc 𝟏𝟏. 𝟓𝟓 �
𝝆𝝆𝑫𝑫𝒆𝒆
�
𝝆𝝆𝑫𝑫𝒆𝒆

Pipe 𝟒𝟒𝑳𝑳𝑳𝑳 � 𝒏𝒏
𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 + 𝟏𝟏 𝓥𝓥 𝟏𝟏 � 𝒏𝒏
𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 + 𝟏𝟏 𝓥𝓥 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 � 𝒏𝒏
𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 + 𝟏𝟏 𝓥𝓥
�𝟐𝟐 � � � 𝑲𝑲𝑳𝑳 � � � � 𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 �𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 � � �
ΔP 𝑫𝑫 𝒏𝒏 𝑫𝑫 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝑫𝑫 𝟓𝟓 𝒏𝒏 𝑫𝑫 𝑫𝑫 𝒏𝒏 𝑫𝑫
Power-law Model

𝟏𝟏 𝒏𝒏 𝟏𝟏 𝒏𝒏
� �
𝟓𝟓. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟒𝟒 𝑲𝑲 (𝟐𝟐−𝒏𝒏) 𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 + 𝟏𝟏 �(𝟐𝟐−𝒏𝒏)� 𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝑲𝑲 �(𝟐𝟐−𝒏𝒏)� 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 + 𝟏𝟏 �(𝟐𝟐−𝒏𝒏)�
Vc � � × � � �� � � ×� � ��
𝝆𝝆 𝑫𝑫 𝟒𝟒𝒏𝒏 𝝆𝝆 𝑫𝑫 𝒏𝒏

Annular 𝟒𝟒𝑳𝑳𝑳𝑳 𝟐𝟐𝒏𝒏 + 𝟏𝟏 �

𝓥𝓥
𝒏𝒏
𝑳𝑳𝑳𝑳 𝟒𝟒 𝟐𝟐𝒏𝒏 + 𝟏𝟏 �
𝓥𝓥
𝒏𝒏
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝑳𝑳𝑳𝑳 �
𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝓥𝓥
𝟐𝟐𝒏𝒏 + 𝟏𝟏
𝒏𝒏
�𝟒𝟒 � � � � � � � � � ��
ΔP 𝑫𝑫𝒉𝒉 − 𝑫𝑫𝒑𝒑 𝒏𝒏 𝑫𝑫𝒉𝒉 − 𝑫𝑫𝒑𝒑 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑�𝑫𝑫𝒉𝒉 − 𝑫𝑫𝒑𝒑 � 𝟓𝟓 𝒏𝒏 𝑫𝑫𝒉𝒉 − 𝑫𝑫𝒑𝒑 𝟑𝟑
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 �𝑫𝑫𝒉𝒉 − 𝑫𝑫𝒑𝒑 � �𝑫𝑫𝒉𝒉 − 𝑫𝑫𝒑𝒑 � 𝒏𝒏

𝟏𝟏 𝒏𝒏 𝟏𝟏 𝒏𝒏
� � � � � �
𝟑𝟑. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟒𝟒 𝑲𝑲 (𝟐𝟐−𝒏𝒏) 𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝑲𝑲 �(𝟐𝟐−𝒏𝒏)� 𝟒𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟐𝒏𝒏 + 𝟏𝟏 (𝟐𝟐−𝒏𝒏)
Vc � � × �
𝟐𝟐. 𝟒𝟒
�
𝟐𝟐𝒏𝒏 + 𝟏𝟏 (𝟐𝟐−𝒏𝒏)
�� � � � � ��
𝝆𝝆 𝑫𝑫𝒉𝒉 − 𝑫𝑫𝒑𝒑 𝟑𝟑𝒏𝒏 𝝆𝝆 𝑫𝑫𝒉𝒉 − 𝑫𝑫𝒑𝒑 𝒏𝒏