GENDER EQUALITY AND SOCIAL INCLUSION

FRAME WORK & ANALYSIS

WATER FOR WOMEN PROJECT

Prepared by Musalkazim Ali

Jakarta, Indonesia
October 25, 2018

GESI Frame-Work & Analysis WfW Project – PAUF/Prepared by Musalkazim Ali/October 25, 2018
 GESI FRAME WORK | BACK-GROUND

The development of the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) sector in Indonesia has increased
significantly in the period 2010-2015 in an effort to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
of reducing the number of people without access to drinking water and sanitation by half.
Post-MDGs, as a global commitment and effort to improve the quality of life of all Indonesians, the
government has also taken part in the achievement of a global set of goals, known as the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs). Goal 6 of the SDGs focuses on Water and Sanitation. This global goal aims
to achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all by 2030. In terms of
sanitation, it aims to “achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open
defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations”
(United Nations, 2015).

In accordance with the SDGs objectives, through the RPJMN documents from 2015-2019, the
Government of Indonesia (GoI) established a mandate for achieving universal access to clean water and
sanitation by 2019, also known as “100-0-100”, referring to 100% access to safe drinking water, 0% slums
and 100% access to safe sanitation. The target for achieving this universal access is far
closer than the SDGs target because it takes into account the success of previous MDGs achievements.
Nevertheless, the GoI still faces significant challenges. In 2017 the achievement of national access to safe
drinking water was only 84.00%, while achievement of sanitation was 71.67% (Kementerian Kesehatan,
2018). One of the government’s attempts to achieve universal access to drinking water and sanitation is
through the implementation of the Community-Based Drinking Water and Sanitation (Pamsimas) and
Community-Based Total Sanitation (STBM) programs.

An important aspect of the achievement of access to clean water and sanitation facilities is the
involvement of women and marginalised groups, including people with disabilities (PWD). In terms of the
involvement of women, the SDGs document also includes Goal 5: Gender Equality, to achieve gender
equality and empower all women and girls. RPJMN 2015-2019 also mandates the achievement of gender
mainstreaming in various existing policies and programs with a focus or emphasis on the meaningful
involvement of women in the development planning process and decision making. In 2015, achievement
of the Gender Development Index (IPG) was 92.7, while the
Gender Empowerment Index (IDG) was 70.8% (BPS, 2018).

The Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) framework pays particular attention to gender equality
and the involvement of marginalised groups, including PWD. Given the dominant role that women and
girls play in the management, care, and use of water and sanitation, the GESI framework is particularly
important. Through the implementation of the GESI framework, specifically in the water and sanitation
sector, the sustainability of services can be better ensured as well as the expected transformation of gender
equality; in which the practical and strategic needs of women are fulfilled.

Women, marginalised groups, and PWD are also the most vulnerable to the impacts of natural disasters.
Particular attention needs to be paid to the impacts of natural disasters as a result of climate change,
especially given that Indonesia is one of the nations with the highest level of risk to natural disasters,
second only to Bangladesh (BNPB, 2013). The impacts of hydro-meteorological disasters related to
increasingly frequent climate change such as droughts and floods need to be anticipated, in order to avoid
GESI Frame-Work & Analysis WfW Project – PAUF/Prepared by Musalkazim Ali/October 25, 2018
 impacts on the community’s daily lives and activities, as well as to avoid disruptions to the sustainability
of clean water and sanitation services and facilities.

PAUF, through the Water for Women (WfW) project funded by the World Bank (WB), initiated the
implementation of the GESI framework in efforts to improve access to clean water and sanitation services,
especially relating to STBM. Through a GESI-responsive STBM, the project hopes to transform gender
equality and social inclusion at the household, community and institutional level, and to shift the power
dynamics between women and men.

PAUF is currently in the inception phase in the preparation of a Project Design Document (PDD) prior to
program implementation. To complete the PDD, strong evidence is needed regarding the application of
the GESI framework, obtained through a GESI contextual study or analysis. This study is a formative
study which aims to deepen the understanding of current conditions relating to GESI in water and
sanitation services, which will be used to ensure that the Theory of Change for the Water for Women
Project is relevant to local needs, as well as to provide suggestions for the preparation of the project
strategy. This GESI formative study focuses on gathering evidence on (i) current extent, (ii) underlying
core reasons, (iii) barriers, and (iv) opportunities in the household and local public domains, and lightly on
the broader public domain in terms of practice, access and use of clean water and sanitation.

GESI Frame-Work & Analysis WfW Project – PAUF/Prepared by Musalkazim Ali/October 25, 2018
 GENDER EQUALITY AND SOCIAL INCLUSION FRAMEWORK1
Tasks Indicators Resp.
PREPARATION/DESIGN PHASE
 Carry out Gender and Social Inclusion analysis, to inform the finalization of Project team includes Social Development PAUF and
Detailed Project Reports (DPRs), by a dedicated Social Development (GESI) (GESI) Specialist, with local knowledge and WB
2
Specialist for the Facility-financed Projects . Should the nature of the Project allow experience on Community-Based
for end-user interface based on direct energy access, a GESI and energy profile Development: 3-6 person months based on
3
should be developed with information and data to include : project complexity and range of GESI-
(i) Socio-cultural norms and practices of local communities in the project area in related impacts/benefits anticipated in the
terms of gender division of labor, rights and responsibilities, access to project.
information and services, access to and control over economic and financial
resources and services, with focus on gender, caste and ethnicity. Consultation with community
(ii) Gender based livelihoods patterns of local communities, incl. access to energy, structures/groups, project affected
water, sanitation, education, health, and transport services, disaggregated by beneficiaries [% targets defined for
sex, caste and ethnicity, with focus on women, poor female-headed women’s participation (at least 33%) and
households (FHHs), incl. single women, widowed and deserted women; and proportionate participation of excluded
(iii) Access and use of energy resources and services and the role of women groups].
and men in the management of community and household energy
resources. GESI/AP prepared with clearly defined
 Assess work patterns, employment (unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled) and related activities and performance targets,
training opportunities, and energy-based livelihood opportunities for women and timelines, and responsibilities. Key
how the project could enhance women’s opportunities in these areas. GESI/AP indicators reflected in project
 Identify and recommend key GESI elements in risk mitigation measures including Design and Monitoring Framework.
addressing health and social impacts associated with large-scale infrastructure
development [such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), human trafficking]. Government agencies and/or NGOs
 Identify appropriate WB Gender Mainstreaming Categories, and –if potentially identified and capacities assessed for
categorized as Gender Equity (GEN) or Effective Gender Mainstreaming (EGM), GESI/AP implementation.
include preparation of a GESI Action Plan (GESI/AP). Identify government
agencies/ NGOs for GESI/AP implementation and assess their capacity.
 Adopt specific targets for meaningful consultation and representation of women
and socially excluded groups [e.g. PKK, Dhuafa, Muslimah] at different
stages of project design.

1
This Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) Action Framework (AF) aims at providing a framework for the effective incorporation of GESI approaches and considerations in
the design of Facility-financed Projects and the development of GESI/AP, should the ensuing Projects be categorized as Effective Gender Mainstreaming (EGM). The Framework
builds on GON’s broader commitment to GESI, including in the energy sector and promising practices developed by WB in its support to the energy sector in Nepal. The GESI
Framework is not a substitute for any other safeguards’ frameworks (i.e. Resettlement, Environment and/or Indigenous People’s Frameworks) which –by their nature- aim at
specifically targeting affected people within the project area.
2
See Social Analysis in Project Design, in Handbook on Poverty and Social Analysis – A Working Document, WB: 2012: 36.
3
See Gender Analysis: Developing Gender and Energy Profiles, in Gender and Energy Toolkit: Energy, Going Beyond the Meter, WB: 2012: 11.

GESI Frame-Work & Analysis WfW Project – PAUF/Prepared by Musalkazim Ali/October 25, 2018
 Tasks Indicators Resp.
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
 Establish specific targets for women’s employment during construction and Employment targets for women (33% PAUF
operation, including for semi-skilled and skilled labor –based on the gender and minimum) and proportionate targets for
social analyses conducted, baseline data collected, GON’s legislation, promising excluded groups, for unskilled labor.
practices and –if feasible- adoption of evidence-based or aspirational targets Record of wages paid shows no gender
 Provide separate facilities required for women employees at the disparities for work of equal value.
construction site such as separate toilets, Details of entitlement disbursement as
 Provide child care facilities in case of mother of under five year children during per the safeguard framework.
construction and operation of hydropower project, Targets for women’s participation in
 Identify location, and beneficiaries to positively impact women and socially awareness raising/capacity
excluded groups, development/training (at least 33%).
 Support participation and representation of women and excluded groups in
Budget allocated for GESI implementation.
community structures and in decision making,
 Provide equal wage rates for women and men laborers, entitlement packages for GESI-informed mitigation measures
women and socially excluded groups, implemented
 Include women in all awareness and capacity development and training activities.
 Identify if –in the project area- adequate GESI sensitive mitigation initiatives
(supported by Government, NGOs/CBOs) are in place and –if not-, budget for and
implement specific GESI-based mitigation modalities.
OPERATION PHASE
 Implement GESI-inclusive M&E system whereby: (a) data are disaggregated by Consultations carried out with women PAUF
sex, caste and ethnicity and systematized in the project management database, (b) and IPs/ org a ni za t i o ns [ target: at
indicators are established at the onset, monitored against baseline conditions and least 33% women in mixed gatherings].
reported on a regular basis, focusing on improvements to quality of life parameters. Details of entitlement disbursement as
 Conduct participatory and GESI inclusive monitoring activities. per the safeguard framework .

CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT PHASE

 Review national GESI provisions and laws and relevant GESI elements in energy GESI Guidelines prepared PAUF and
sector policies. Prepare GESI Mainstreaming guidelines for planning and Training carried out for the staff [ target: WB
implementation at least 33% women and proportionate
 Contribute to establish long-term capacity to monitor the GESI impacts and result number of socially excluded groups].
of the energy project by the Hydropower company.
 Develop a training module for GESI sensitization training for the department staff, Project training p a c k a g e includes GESI
PAUF, Community Groups, Local-PAM and other related staff on GESI policy, training modules and sessions, facilitated by
principle and requirements. GESI training experts.
WB = World Bank, CBO = Community based organization, DOED = Department of energy development, Ministry of Energy, GESI - Gender equality and social inclusion, GESI AF -
Gender equality and social inclusion action framework, HOH= Head of household, IPs = Indigenous peoples, NGO = Nongovernmental organization, TOR = Terms of reference. PAM
= Perusahaan Air Minum Negara.

GESI Frame-Work & Analysis WfW Project – PAUF/Prepared by Musalkazim Ali/October 25, 2018