1. Network types?

Local Network - also known as a LAN (Local Area Network), is a group of computers and devices that are
connected to each other within a small geographical area, such as a home, office, or school

Small Home Networks - Small home networks are a type of local network that are specifically designed
for use in residential homes.

Small Office and Home Office Networks - Small office and home office networks, also known as SOHO
networks, are similar to small home networks but are designed for use in small business environments.

Medium to Large Networks - Medium to large networks are designed for use in larger organizations such
as businesses, schools, or government agencies. They may consist of hundreds or thousands of devices,
including computers, servers, printers, and other networked devices.

World Wide Networks - also known as WANs (Wide Area Networks), are networks that span large
geographic areas, such as countries or continents.

2. Data Transmission?.

Types of Personal Data - The most basic definition of data might be that it is a value that stands in for
something else. We express data in the physical world using numbers, formulas, alphabetic characters,
and images. Consider all the information that is available about you. Examples include birth certificates,
baby photographs, and school records.

The Bit - In computing, a bit is the smallest unit of data in a digital system. It is a binary digit, which
means it can only have two possible values, typically represented as 0 and 1. These values can be used
to represent logical true or false, or on or off states, as well as numeric values through binary arithmetic.

Common Methods of Data Transmission - Data transmission refers to the process of transferring data
from one location or device to another. Here are some common methods of data transmission.

3. Bandwidth and Throughput?.

Bandwidth is a fundamental property of a communication channel and is determined by various factors

such as the physical properties of the transmission medium, the signal processing techniques used, and
the limitations of the network hardware.

Throughput, on the other hand, refers to the actual amount of data that is transmitted over a
communication channel in a given amount of time. It is a measure of the performance of a
communication system and is affected by various factors such as network congestion, packet loss, and
data transmission errors.

4. Client and Servers?.

Client and server are two roles in a network communication model, where the client requests services or
resources, and the server provides those services or resources.

The client is a computer or device that initiates a connection to a server to request services or resources.
It can be a web browser requesting a web page, an email client requesting emails, or a software
application requesting data from a database. The client initiates the communication by sending a
request to the server.

The server is a computer or device that listens and responds to client requests by providing the
requested services or resources. It can be a web server serving web pages, an email server providing
email services, or a database server providing data access services. The server receives the request from
the client, processes it, and sends back the requested resources or services to the client.

5. Network Components?.

Network infrastructure refers to the physical and virtual components that are necessary for
communication and data transfer within a network.

End devices: These are devices that are at the edges of a network and are used by users to access
network resources or services. Examples of end devices include desktop computers, laptops,
smartphones, tablets, printers, and servers. End devices are also known as hosts.

Intermediate devices: These are devices that are used to connect end devices together and to provide
connectivity and services across a network. Examples of intermediate devices include routers, switches,
firewalls, and wireless access points. These devices are sometimes referred to as network devices.

Network media: These are the physical components used to transmit data across a network. Examples
of network media include copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless radio signals, and satellite links. The
choice of network media depends on factors such as distance, bandwidth requirements, cost, and
availability. Network media is also sometimes referred to as transmission media or communication
channels.