SPATIAL ANALYSIS

Instructor: Er. Sujan Nepali

Nepal Banepa Polytechnic Institute
GIS APPLICATIONS
 Spatial Analysis
• Analytical capabilities of a GIS use spatial and non spatial
(attribute) data to answer the questions and solve problems
that are of spatial relevance.
• Analysis of spatial data can be defined as computing new
information that provides new insight from the existing, stored
data
 Classification and measurement
• Explain measurement techniques of raster and vector data
• Explain spatial selection queries
• Explain classification methods
Measurement techniques of raster and vector data
• Measurement on vector data
– Location
– Distance
– Area
• Measurement on raster data
– Location
– Distance
– Area
 Measurement on vector data
• Location:
– Simply defining the position of any objects
– Eg: Easting and northing values of a point (temple, school, etc.)
 Measurement on vector data
• Distance
– Simply distance formula can be used to calculate the distance
between two points consisting easting and northing values by both
points
 Measurement on vector data
• Area:
– Depends on what type of object is.
 Measurement on raster data
• Location
– Coordinates of pixel position
 Measurement on raster data
• Distance
– Distance is measured using pixel
width
– For horizontal and vertical
direction, distance is the length
between two consecutive pixel’s
center
– For slant direction, distance is the
length of two consecutive pixel’s
center multiplied by 1.414
 Measurement on raster data
• Area
– First area of 1 pixel is measured.
– Number of pixel used is counted
– Total area = area of 1 pixel * number of pixel
 Spatial Selection queries
• Queries or ways to select the objects with the basis of
topological bond
• Select by attributes
• Select by location
 Classification
- User Control Classification
- Automatic Classification