Please keep in your mind when you listen lecture!

Factor(s) Condition(s) Results

Expt. Models
 The Cells
Eukaryotic cells
Eu: true karyon: nucleus

Prokaryotic cells
before nucleus
The Cells
Lipid Bilayer Structure
Lipid Bilayer Structure
Why do we need to know DNA/molecular mechanisms for Food Science?
 Main structure of human gene

Hints:
- Promoter
- Transcription factors
- Intron
- Exon
 Please Attention!
How do nutritional signals reach into cells?
How do the mammalian cells give genetic responses to nutritional signals?
Plant based molecules on physiology!

Why is this important?

 Protein Kinases

Ø Over 500 kinase proteins now available!

Ø %2 of human genes codes protein kinase proteins

Ø %30 of human proteins might be modified by kinases

Ø They are specific for amino acids (tyrosine, serine/threonine…)

Ø Nearly 800 available kinase assays across eight distinct technology platforms

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery volume 17, pages 353–377 (2018)

Kinases and Their Function in Human

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery volume 17, pages 353–377 (2018)

 Metabolic Pathways and Natural Inhibitors

Ø 38 kinase inhibitors approved to date

Ø Target is kinase domain for inhibitors

DOI 10.1007/s00018-008-8539-7 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery volume 17, pages 353–377 (2018)
Why do the cells of body need to divide?
Cell Division
Examples of nutrients/functional molecules effects on molecular mechanisms

Curcumin
Fiber (Pectin) oligosaccharides (POS)

https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01504
 Fiber (Pectin)
oligosaccharides (POS)
DNA Replication
How is signal/information turned into things that can be observed?
 Molecular Marker(s) in Nutritional Studies

Phenotypic: cell growth rate, physical changes, death

Genetic: DNA, mRNA, proteins

Features of markers
should be specific for experimental conditions

Why are markers necessary?

To answer:
Does treatment affect my experimental model
(X) has effect on experimental conditions
Molecular Marker Fe Deficiency
 Molecular Marker

Ob/Ob mice

High Fat Diet

Molecular Marker

Copper Deficiency

7-day-old
Molecular Marker
Molecular Marker

Fe Transporters

Blood, 2003, Huijun et. Al.

Molecular Marker
Molecular Marker