GENOMICS

•Molecular cloning
•Molecular diagnosis
•Gene expression
•Pathway
Proteomics?
 Proteomics is the analysis of the
protein complement to the genome

Gene Transcript Protein

Genomics Proteomics
…while the genome is a rather constant entity, the
proteome differs from cell to cell and is constantly
changing through its biochemical interactions with the
genome and the environment.

One organism will have radically different protein

expression in different parts of its body, in different
stages of its life cycle and in different environmental
conditions.”

“..the large-scale study of proteins…while it is often

viewed as the “next step”, proteomics is much more
complicated than genomics.
Proteomics is multidisciplinary

Protein
Biochemistry
Analytical
Biology
Chemistry

Proteomics

Molecular
Bioinformatics
Biology
 Proteomics Research

•Basic research:
To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying life.

•Applied research:
Clinical testing for proteins associated with pathological
states (e.g. cancer).
 Applications of Proteomics
Medical Signal Disease
Microbiology Transduction Mechanisms

Protein
Drug Discovery Glycoyslation
Expression
Profiling Post-
Proteome
Target ID translational Phosphorylation
Mining Modifications
Differential Display Proteolysis

Proteomics
Yeast Genomics Yeast two-hybrid
Protein-
Functional
Affinity Purified protein Co-precipitation
Protein Complexes Proteomics Interactions
Mouse Knockouts Structural Phage Display
Proteomics

Organelle Subproteome Protein

Composition Isolation Complexes
For example: Hemoglobin

Picks up oxygen in the lungs, travels through

the blood, and delivers it to the cells.

Hbβ Hbα

O2

Hbα Hbβ
hemoglobin
 Sickle cell disease is caused by a
single amino acid change.
Normal Hbβ Mutated Hbβ

ATG GTG CAC CTG ACT CCT GAG GAG … ATG GTG CAC CTG ACT CCT GTG GAG …

M V H L T P E E… M V H L T P V E…
•Involves the study of proteins

•Proteomics is multidisciplinary

•Proteomics is being applied to both basic and clinical

research
Proteomic tools and
methods
Proteomic tools to study proteins

• Protein isolation

• Protein separation

• Protein identification
Protein isolation procedure

Find a sample Grind sample in buffer

Pick it

Transfer to tube

Centrifuge to remove Heat the sample

insoluble material

“pure” protein
solution
Recover supernatant Keep solution for gel analysis
 kDa 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 pI
100

75
mass

50

25
 Concluding points about Proteomics

-Proteomics is the analysis of all proteins

-Interdisciplinary research

-Essential to both basic and clinical research

-Protein are the workhorses of the cell

- Discovery research – drugs and diseases

-Proteomics tools allow identification of proteins

GENOMICS -
METABOLOMICS
METABOLOMICS FOR DIAGNOSIS
Application of Metabolomics in Alzheimer’s Disease
Divergence in the metabolome between natural aging and Alzheimer’s disease
Metabolomics-Based
Discovery of Molecular
Signatures for Triple
Negative Breast Cancer
in Asian Female
Population
THANK YOU