Equator It is an imaginary line drawn around the middle of the earth.

If we cut along the equator, the earth

separates into two hemisphere i.e. Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. Most of the earth’s land is the
Northern Hemisphere.

Prime Meridian It is an imaginary line that runs from north to south poles. This creates eastern and western
hemisphere. The continents in the eastern hemisphere are traditionally called Old World, while those in the western
hemisphere called (U.S.A) Modern World.

Latitude :These are imaginary lines run east to west on the globe are called lines of latitude. OR The horizontal lines
on the globe are called lines of latitude. Total latitudes are 180, 90 in north of the equator and 90 in south of the
equator. Longitude :The vertical lines on the globe run from North to south between the poles are called lines of
longitude. Total longitudes are 360, 180 in east side and 180 in west side.

Introduction of Pakistan Pakistan emerged on the map of the world on 14th August 1947 as a result of the partition
of the Indian Sub-continent into two sovereign states namely Pakistan and India. Initially, Pakistan was comprised of
two distinct areas, namely East Pakistan and West Pakistan. In December 1971, East Pakistan was separated and
emerged as an independent state, ‘Bangladesh’. Location of Pakistan Pakistan is located between 24 to 37 North
latitudes and extends from 61 to 76.5 East longitudes. The total area of Pakistan is 796,096 square km, stretching
over 1600 km from north to south and about 885 km from east to west

Latitude & Longitude:

• Pakistan is located between 24⁰ 35 north and 37⁰ 05 north latitude.

• Its longitude extends from 61⁰ to 78⁰ east.

Area of Pakistan:

• Its total area is 796,096 sq kilometers.

• It is 1600 kilometers from north to south.

• 885 km from east to west.

Location of Pakistan:

Location Neighboring Country

North-East China (585 km long border)
West Afghanistan (2252 km long border) known as Durand Line.
North-West Wakkan (narrow strip of Afghanistan), it separates Pakistan from Tajikistan.
South-West Iran
South Arabian Sea
East India
Strategic Importance of Pakistan:
• The Khyber Pass provides a route to Afghanistan.

• The Karakoram Highway helps in trade & communication with China.

• The Gwadar and Karachi seaports provide crucial travel as well as trade facilities to north and north-west.

• Its coastline at the Arabian Sea facilitates trade with West, Middle East, Far East, and Southeast Asia.

• Pakistan has a central location that provides air routes from west to east and the Jinnah International Airport
facilitates it.

• It offers easy access to Central Asia (CAS) and its 6 republics through Afghanistan.

• Feasibility of Natural Gas Pipeline Projects from CAS, India, Iran and South East Asia.

Pakistan-Iran Gas Pipeline:

• If this project is completed, then Pakistan will get 21.5 cubic meters of natural gas from Iran.

• This can be used as a fuel (CNG) for vehicles.

• It can also be used to generate electricity from thermal power stations.

Location of Provinces & Cities

Provinces of Pakistan:

• It has Sindh, Punjab, Balochistan and NWFP provinces. 

• It also includes FATA, Gilgit-Baltistan, and Kashmir.

• In 2009, the Federal Cabinet approved an ordinance that gave political autonomy to northern areas.

• A new name was also given to the Northern areas as Gilgit, Baltistan.

• In 2010, NWFP renamed as Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

FATA:

 It stands fo federal administrated tribal areas

 It is located between balochistan and khyber
Bolan

^Toba Kakar Range (Balochistan) …Connects Sibi with Quetta

Kojak

^Qila Abdullah, Chaman (Balochistan) …Quetta with Khandar Afghanistan

Khyber

^Sofad Koh …Peshawar with Kabul

Khunjerab

^Gilgit – Baltistan, Karakoram Mountains …Connects Gilgit Baltistan with China

Lowari

^KPK ….Chitral with Dir w