A REPORT ON SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR DESIGN

PREPARED BY: A.BRIEN DHAS (ROLL NO. 1)

ABHEEK SHARMA (ROLL NO.2) ABHIMANUE DHARKAR(ROLL NO. 3) ABHISHEK PATEL(ROLL NO.4)

What is material selection

Material selectionis a step in the process of designing any physical object. In the context of product, the main goal of material selection is to minimize cost while meeting product performance goals.Systematic selection of the best material for a given application begins with properties and costs of candidate materials. For eg: a thermal blanket must have poor thermal conductivityin order to minimize heat transfer for a given temperature difference.It has been estimated that there are mre than 40,000 useful metallic alloys and close to that number of nonmetallic engineering materials such as plastics ,ceramics and glasses and semiconductors.This large number of materials and the manufacturing processes available to the engineer ,coupled with the complex relationship between the different selction materials ,often make selection of a materials for a given component difficult task.if the selection process is carried out,there will be the risk of overlooking a possible alternative material.The risk can be reduced by adopting a systematic material selection procedure. Engineering design relates to the design of engineered artifacts formed by materials of various types. Materials play an important role during the entire design process. At the early design stage, materials may achieve some of the required functions. Hence, designers may need to identify materials with specific functionalities in order to find feasible design concepts. Materials identification is used to refer to this materials-related design activity. At the downstream design stages, when the physical structure for a design has been determined, materials with specific properties, which is commonly referred to as materials selection.

Many questions should be asked when selecting possible materials for an engineering application, including:
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Does the material have required properties (mechanical, electrical, thermal, etc.) Do the material properties can with stand over time in service? Is the material adversely affected by the environmental conditions and will it resist corrosion and other forms of attack? Can the material be formed to the desired shape? Is the appearance of the material suitable ? Is the material suitable from a reliability and quality standpoint? Can the product be manufactured from the material at an acceptable cost? Can the material be recycled ?

Design of an engineering component involves three interrelated problems: (i) selecting a material, (ii) specifying a shape, and (iii) choosing a manufacturing process The Need for Material Selection During the last decades many new materials and material types have been developed.

In addition many materialshave successively obtained improved properties. This has been possible due to thedevelopment of the materials but also due to the appear ance of new production methods.As a consequence of this rapid development many material types can be used for a givencomponent.for example the body panels in cars where low carbon mild sheet steel isstill the dominating material but many other materials l ike high strength sheet steels,aluminium alloys, thermoplastics, thermoplastic elastomers and expanded plastics are used. Material Selection Basics Why to make full use of the engineereing materials. Why to avoid unnecessarily expensive structures. Why to avoid failures. When a product is modified and redesigned. When failures have occured. How to specify the requirements for the component. How to transfer the requirements to materials properties.

Choosing between Different Materials

There are three main things to think about wen choosing materials (in order of importance): Will they meet the performance requirements? Will they be easy to process? We deal with the processing aspects of materials in a different part of this course. For now it is sufficient to note that experienced designers aim to make the decisions for materials and processes separately together to get the best out of selection.

Following are the things that should be kept in mind while selecting a material for design
1. Attainability 2. Of manufacturing 3. Repair capability 4. Reliability 5. Service environment 6. Compatibility 7. Cost

General Guidelines for Successful Material Selection Both simple and more serious errors are frequently made during material selection. A few guidelines may be helpful to avoid the more common mistakes . A typical material selection problem involves hundreds of variables and property data points. A non systematic approach is bound to fail. All the requirements for the component in question must be formulated in detail. This is necessary to obtain a well defined problem. A common misconception in material selection is that component requirements are formulated by someone else. Although the customer typically defines some requirements, most have to be identified and worked out in the framework of the problem solving. Material selection should be considered as an integrated part of both the design and the manufacturing processes. As pointed out above the material selection is generally performed for simple parts, not at the component or the product level.

Material Selection process

The material selection should not be solely based on cost. A systematic approach to material selection process is necessary in order to select the best material for any application. The proper material selection technique involves carefully defining the ap plication requirement in terms of mechanical, thermal, environmental, electrical and chemical properties. Many companies including material suppliers have developed software to assist in material selection simply by selecting application requirement in the order of importance. Material selection process starts with carefully defining the requirements and narrowing down the choices by the process of elimination. Designer must identify application requirements including mechanical, thermal, environmental and chemical. All special needs such as outdoor , light transmission, fatigue, creep, stress relaxation, and regulatory requirements must be considered. Processing techniques and assembly methods play a key role in selecting appropriate material and should be given consideration. Many plastics materials are susceptible to chemical attack and therefore behavior of plastics material in chemical environment is one of the most important considerations in selecting material. No single property defines material s abi lity to perform in a given chemical environment and factors such as external or molded -in stresses, length of exposure, temperature, chemical concentration etc. should be carefully scrutinized. Material property data sheets should only be used for screenin g various types and grades of materials and not for ultimate selection or engineering design.

Material selectipon chart