Teenage Airline Boss

101.
TEENAGE AIRLINE BOSS
Martin Halstead is a young entrepreneur, (1) _______ known for having managed to launch his own
airline at the age of eighteen. Martin had started his first business (2) _______, making flight
simulators for use in pilot training, while he was still a fifteen-year-old schoolboy, and at seventeen he
left school to (3) _______ as a pilot. It was whilst on the course that Martin realised that (4) _______ of
just being a pilot, he’d like to run an airline business, and so he (5) _______ up with the idea for Alpha
One Airways. Martin (6) _______ planned to fly between Oxford and Cambridge, and there was
considerable public (7) _______ in the idea. But when a big investor (8) _______ out at the last
minute, Martin was left with no (9) _______ but to think again. But he was not to be (10) _______. In
November 2005, he relaunched the company, this time planning flights from the Isle of Man to
Edinburgh. A first flight departed on November 7th, carrying invited guests and media in an aircraft
Martin had leased from another company. (11) _______ the airline suspended operations in January
2006, Alpha One Airways had carried some forty fare-paying passengers on the route, and Martin had
(12) _______ his dream. It was perhaps his naivety and youth that allowed him to ignore the problems
and barriers that someone older may have seen as a brick wall (13) _______ in the way of
achievement.
1. A. widest B. greatest C. most D. best
2. A. venture B. task C. endeavour D. affair
3. A. study B. learn C. prepare D. train
4. A. preference B. alternative C. instead D. rather
5. A. thought B. came C. hit D. dreamt
6. A. initially B. largely C. primarily D. principally
7. A. attraction B. attention C. support D. interest
8. A. held B. pulled C. checked D. called
9. A. way B. chance C. option D. course
10. A. put off B. caught out C. sent back D. turned down
11. A. However B. Despite C. Although D. Nonetheless
12. A. reached B. fulfilled C. obtained D. completed
13. A. blocking B. stopping C. standing D. impeding
102. HOW TO CONCENTRATE
Concentration is good in exams, bad in orange juice. Concentration happens when you (1) ____ to
focus on one thing to the (2) ____ of all others, and concentrating on that one thing (3) ____ you to
stop worrying about a lot of other things. Sometimes, of course, your mind concentrates when you
don’t want it to. Maybe you can’t get something out of your head, such as a problem you have to (4)
_____ up to, or an embarrassing situation you’ve been in. That’s why collecting things as a hobby is
popular; it (5) _____ your mind off other things. Indeed, some people seem to prefer looking after and
cataloguing their collections to actually doing anything with them, because this is when the (6) _____,
single-minded concentration happens. The natural span for concentration is 45 minutes. That’s why
half an hour for a television programme seems too short (7) _____ an hour seems too long. But many
people’s lives are (8) _____ of concentration. Modern culture is served up in small, (9) _______
digestible chunks that require only a short (10) _____ span - although young people can concentrate
on computer games for days at a (11) ___. Sticking out the tongue can aid concentration. This is
because you can’t (12) ______ yourself with talking at the same time and other people won’t (13) ____
to interrupt your thoughts, because you look like an idiot!
1. A. manage B. achieve C. succeed D. accomplish
2. A. removal B. exclusion C. omission D. rejection
3. A. lets B. means C. makes D. allows
4. A. face B. confront C. tackle D. meet
5. A. brings B. puts C. takes D. holds
6. A. absorbing B. gripping C. arresting D. enthralling
7. A. otherwise B. thus C. whereby D. whilst
8. A. absent B. devoid C. lacking D. deficient
9. A. gently B. plainly C. easily D. surely
10. A. application B. attention C. consideration D. contemplation
11. A. length B. stroke C. sequence D. time
12. A. sidestep B. distract C. sidetrack D. disturb
13. A. risk B. chance C. dare D. brave
103. AN UNUSUALLY SUCCESSFUL LESSON
A school in Scotland has (1) _______ up with an unusual way to improve its pupils’ health and well-
being, (2) _______ at the same time helping them to become better learners. The six-year-old children
have started doing a type of massage that was developed in Sweden. In the classes, each child
chooses a partner and takes it in (3) _______ to receive a massage of their back, neck and shoulders.
Not only do the children (4) _______ the activity fun, but this kind of massage also (5) _______
muscle tension. To (6) _______ interest to the activity, the teachers have linked it to a story about a
small boy who wants to play in the snow, but first must put on his glasses - the (7) _______ of the
glasses is traced on the children’s shoulders. Then he helps his mum with the baking - this involves
kneading the shoulders, and finally he goes out for a walk and has to (8) _______ the snow off his
coat on his return. The story is told slowly, each movement being repeated three times. When the
massage classes started, the children used to chatter and (9) _______ about, but now they are quiet,
their faces pictures of (10) _______ concentration. And the activity (11) _______ them in other ways
too; they are noticeably calmer and more (12) _______ of each other in the playground as well as
being more relaxed and (13) _______ to learn in the classroom.
1. A. caught B. made C. come D. met
2. A. instead B. otherwise C. whereas D. whilst
3. A. turns B. rota C. order D. sequences
4. A. perceive B. find C. regard D. discover
5. A. supports B. comforts C. relieves D. softens
6. A. earn B. add C. gain D. increase

7. A. shape B. form C. profile D. figure
8. A. dust B. mop C. sweep D. brush
9. A. mess B. joke C. laugh D. kid
10. A. stressful B. heavy C. strong D. intense
11. A. promotes B. enhances C. benefits D. favours
12. A. friendly B. helpful C. co-operative D. tolerant
13. A. enthusiastic B. keen C. optimistic D. fond
104. BRAVE NURSE SAVES PENSIONER FROM FIRE
A nurse who saved a man from a (1) _______ house while on her (2) _______ to work has been
awarded a medal for bravery. Sheila McDonald (3) _______ clouds of black smoke (4) _______ from
the roof of a house in Manchester. She went to investigate and quickly (5) _______ that the house
was (6) _______ fire. She knocked on the front door but there was no reply. Then she walked around
the house looking in all of the windows. When she (7) _______ into the livingroom window, she saw
disabled pensioner Graham-Summers asleep in an armchair. She tapped on the window but couldn’t
(8) _______ him up So she smashed her way (9) _______ the window, (10) _______ Mr Summers
into his wheelchair and pushed him to safety through the (11) _______ black smoke. At the award
ceremony Mr Summers was (12) _______ of praise for Ms McDonald, but she said, “I don’t really (13)
_______ it an act of bravery - I just did what anyone would have done.”
1. A. burnt B. burning C. fiery D. ignited
2. A. route B. passage C. way D. path
3. A. distinguished B. noticed C. remarked D. detected
4. Ax running B. flowing C. pouring D. trickling
5. A. knew B. recognised C. identified D. realised
6. A. in B. under C. on D. to
7. A. gazed B. stared C. spied D. peered
8. A. wake B. get C. raise D. bring
9. A. into B. through C. via D. by
10. A. lifted B. raised C. set D. took
11. A. great B. thick C. big D. deep
12. A. full B. packed C. stuffed D. filled
13. A. view B. hold C. see D. consider
105. THE LATE, LATE FLIGHT TO LONDON
Passengers travelling on a flight from Washington to London were in (1) _____ a very long wait. They
had (2) ______ been waiting eight uncomfortable hours for takeoff, only to be (3) _______ that the
flight was (4) _______ even further. The cabin crew advised passengers to take pillows and blankets
from the overhead lockers in (5) _____ to sleep inside the airport terminal. Many passengers (6)
_____ their tempers and fights broke (7) _____ . People shouted and (8)_____ information. A member
of the staff panicked and called airport security guards. A (9) _______ lucky passengers were put on
alternative flights, (10) _______ about 100 others spent the next day in the airport. Many people
missed connecting flights and (11) _______ be delayed for several days. First-class passengers were
(12) _______ fortunate. They were put (13) _______ in luxury hotels and provided with food and drink.
Other passengers had to be content with vouchers for a meal, as the airline staff were not able to find
hotels with (14) _______ free rooms to accommodate them. One woman carried a silver horseshoe for
(15) _______. As she said, “It didn’t work this time!”
1. A. with B. at C. on D. for
2. A. still B. however C. already D. yet
3. A. told B, said C. mentioned D. announced
4. A. late B. delayed C. retarded D. behind
5. A. order B. case C. time D. turn
6. A. mislaid B. lost C. missed D. wasted
7. A. up B. off C, down D. out
8. A. asked B. applied C. demanded D. took
9. A. few B. number C. couple D. little
10. A. even B. although C. in spite D. despite
11. A. should B. could C. would D. had
12. A. still B. many C. much D. more
13. A. out B. off C. up D. about
14. A. much B. a lot C. too D. enough
15. A. fortune B luck C. chance D. probability
106. THE BAT
The bat may seem, an ordinary creature, but in fact it is an amazing animal. The bat has wings and is
the only mammal (1) _______ of true flight. There are many (2) _______ species of bat; in Britain (3)
_______ there are fourteen types of bat, which range in size from a few inches to (4) _______ feet in
wingspan. Bats are nocturnal animals (5) _______ become active only at dusk. Many species (6)
_______ on a “radar” system to find their way around. The bat emits squeaks and then measures the
echoes to “see” how far away any (7) _______. The (8) _______ of bats survive on a diet of insects
while others eat fruit. There are two species which eat fish and there are (9) _______ some bats which
eat meat! Some vampire bats take blood (10) _______ their sleeping victims. These bats may (11)
_______ the deadly disease rabies. Bats are sociable creatures and (12) _______ large colonies.
Most bats hibernate (13) _______ the winter months. Many people are (14) _______ of bats without
ever having seen one. Perhaps if we learn (15) _______ about these wonderful creatures, we will no
longer fear them.
1. A. capable B. able C. possible D. probable
2. A. differing B. contrasting C. different D. conflicting

3. A. all B. alone C. lonely D. lonesome
4. A. various B. few C. little D. several
5. A. whose B. who C. which D. they
6. A. put B. rely C. stand D. confide
7. A. hindrance B. barrier C. obstacle D. blockage
8. A. majority B. population C. amount D. number
9. A. too B. even C. ever D. so
10. A. out B. off C. of D. from
11. A. carry B. grasp C. hold D. send
12. A. connect B. form C. structure D. relate
13. A. at B. whole C. among D. throughout
14. A. afraid B. fearless C. scan D. frightful
15. A. many B. little C. more D. some
107. STARTING A BUSINESS
Running your own business can provide high job satisfaction - the satisfaction of being in (1) ____ of
your own life and making your own (2) ____ about how things should be done. If you are ambitious,
you may want to achieve (3) ______ on a large scale and eventually to become rich. Or it may be (4)
_____ for you simply to enjoy work more and to achieve a modest increase (5) _____ living standards
at the same time. It’s important to take into (6) _____ the less desirable aspects of the job as (7)
_______ For instance, if problems (8) ______, it will be up to you to sort them (9) _______. You’ll
probably have to work harder and longer hours especially in the (10) _______ stages. You’ll probably
see less of your family and friends too. And, of course, you won’t enjoy the security of a (11) _______
pay packet. If you see all this as a challenge (12) _______ than a disadvantage, you have at (13)
_______ one of the qualities needed for success. Other qualities (14) _______ the ability to work on
one’s own, a refusal to (15) _______ up, and a willingness to take on responsibility. Do you have what
it takes?
1. A. charge B. duty C. head D. position
2. A. alterations B. decisions C ideas D. proposals
3. A. courage B. power C. security D. success
4. A. enough B. many C. too D. lot
5. A. at B. on C. in D. for
6. A. account B. mind C. thought D. contemplation
7. A. much B. also C. well D. too
8. A. rise B. arise C. raise D. happen
9- A. up B. in C. through D. out

10. A. initiation B. starting C early D. beginning
11. A. permanent B. square C. usual D. regular
12. A. otherwise B instead C. rather D. other
13. A. last B. most C. once D. least
14. A. compose B. include C. consist D. contain
15. A. give B. work C. turn D. draw
TEST 16 – Unit 6, 7, 8
(15 minutes)
I. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. A new wave of technology is on the verge of producing energy that is clean, _________ and most
importantly, affordable.
A. renew B. renewable C. renewal D. renewed
2. To the students' disappointment, their application forms _________ yet.
A. have still not been processed B. still haven’t been processed
C. have been processed still D. still have been processed
3. _________ all the traces of his crime, the criminal left the building.
A. Having removed B. Removing
C. Being removed D. Having been removed
4. The boy _________. That's why he's got a black eye.
A. has fought B. is fighting C. has been fighting D. fought
5. The _________ in my school is very strict and the subjects are very demanding.
A. uniform B. discipline C. timetable D. workload
II. Rewrite the sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one(s).
6. He began to study the effect of global warming on people's lives two years ago. He's still doing it.
→ He has been____________________________________________________________________
7. After she took a gap year to travel to different countries, she continued her study at Oxford
University.
→ Having________________________________________________________________________
8. Nga said that she was sorry she dropped the jug.
→ Nga apologised_________________________________________________________________
9. The world's largest plastic companies have powered their operations with 100 percent alternative
energy. People admire them for that.
→ People admire__________________________________________________________________
10. The last time they heard about that scholarship was when they were freshmen.
→ They haven't___________________________________________________________________
TEST 17 – Unit 6, 7, 8
(15 minutes)
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the rest.
1. A. change B. preparation C. climate D. related
2. A. infectious B. chemical C. electronic D. species
II. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
3. I haven't seen you lately. Where _________ ?
A. did you go B. do you go C. were you staying D. are you going to stay
4. Certain _________ in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, block
heat from escaping.
A. effects B. emissions C. gases D. layers
5. We decided not to travel, _________ the terrible weather forecast.
A. having heard B. we heard
C. having been heard D. being heard
6. IB students can select subjects so that they specialise in a particular academic field, but
mathematics, native language and theory of knowledge are _________ subjects.
A. optional B. elective C. compulsory D. certain
7. The teachers at Edinburg College encourage students to _________ with others, experiment with
arts and find their own ideas.
A. help B. improve C. involve D. collaborate

III. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UK
Students who have successfully completed an A-level course may go to university to do a three-
or four-year course leading to a first degree such as Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (BSc),
etc. They apply to several universities which then (8) _________ an offer of a place specifying the
minimum grades the student needs to obtain in the A-level subjects studied. Higher education is not
free. In principles, students have to pay a contribution to the cost of teaching (tuition fees) and have
also to pay their living costs (maintenance). The government provides (9) _________ to help them pay
for university education which have to be paid back from earnings once their income reaches a certain
level. In recent years government policy has been to (10) _________ the percentage of 18-years olds
who go to university, which is now, at 40% double the 1990 figure, but this growth has been at the (11)
_________ of the amount of financial support given to individual students. Universities receive money
from the state for each students and are responsible or employing staff and deciding which courses to
offer. The head of a university, who is (12) _________ for its management, is called a vice-chancellor.
8. A. create B. do C. make D. get
9. A. loans B. hires C. shares D. rents
10. A. rise B. remain C. increase D. decrease
11. A. fee B. suspense C. charge D. expense
12. A. liable B. responsible C. professional D. chargeable
TEST 18 – Unit 6, 7, 8
(15 minutes)
I. Choose the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of
the following questions
1. A. diploma B. doctorate C. internship D. scholarship
2. A. greenhouse B. climate C. upset D. footprint
II. Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
3. ________ so many modern machines, this television factory produced many more television sets.
A. To be equipped with B. Equipped
C. Having been equipped with D. Equipping with
4. A Bachelor’s degree is a four-year course you take in undergraduate higher education after you
________ further education.
A. have finished B. have been finishing
C. had finished D. had been finishing
5. Buying organic food is better for the environment because it uses less chemical ________.
A. carbon dioxide B. fertiliser C. water D. money

6. Just like American students, you will have to submit your academic ________ as part of your
application for admission to any American university or college.
A. tuition B. course C. transcripts D. certificates
7. Vietnam has been named among the 12 countries most ________ for climate change by the World
Bank.
A. ready B. at danger C. in risk D. at risk
III. Read the passage and choose the best answer to each of the following sentences.
Tornadoes form when strong winds spin. Wind is invisible, but we can see tornadoes because the
spinning wind picks up water, dust and debris. The spinning wind forms a funnel that connects
thunderstorm clouds with the ground.
When a tornado is close, watch out. They can spin over 200 miles per hour and cause a lot of
damage. As they move across the land, they can easily pick up cars, trucks, and even houses, and
then throw them very far. It is important to find a safe place to take shelter if a tornado gets close.
A safe place could be a basement or the lowest floor, depending on where you are. If you are in a
home without a basement, try to find a first floor closet or bathroom without windows in the middle of
your house. You should curl up into a ball and cover your head and neck with your hands. Stay in a
safe place until the tornado passes.
But there are some people who actually want to get close to tornadoes. They are scientists who
wants to learn more about tornadoes. One of the best ways to do this is to get as close as possible to
these twisters. They use special equipment and instruments to measure what is happening in and
around a tornado.
One special instrument these scientists use is called a tornado probe. It is about six inches tall
and looks like a short, orange construction cone. Inside the tornado probe, there are sensors to
measure wind speed, temperature, pressure, and direction. Some probes even have cameras, so the
scientists can see and understand what it’s like to be in a tornado.
To be able to get these measurements, the scientists have to get a tornado probe near or into a
tornado. Scientists will try to guess where a tornado will go next. Then they drive to that location and
put down their probe. If they do not guess correctly, they pick up their probe and try another spot. If
they are right, the tornado will go near or even right over the probe. Then they take all of the
measurements from the probe and use them to predict where future tornadoes may form and travel.
8. What sequence of events is described in the passage?
A. The steps scientists take to get the measurements from tornadoes probe.
B. The steps involved in the formation of a tornado.
C. The steps that people take to build tornado probes.
D. The steps people should take if their house is destroyed by a tornado.
9. The underlined word "that" in paragraph 1 refers to ________?
A. wind B. thunderstorm C. funnel D. ground
10. What can information about one tornado tell scientists?
A. Information about one tornado can tell scientists how old a tornado probe is.
B. Information about one tornado can tell scientists where another tornado may happen.
C. It can tell scientists how many people took shelter from it in their basement.
D. It can tell scientists whether closets or bathrooms are better for taking shelter in.
11. What is this passage mainly about?
A. Wind speed, temperature, pressure, and direction.
B. Cars, trucks, and houses picked up by tornadoes.
C. Tornadoes and the people who study them.
D. The formation of a tornado’s funnel.
12. What do scientists use the measurements they get from tornado probes for?
A. To get as close as possible to tornadoes.
B. To build new equipment which they will use to measure tornadoes.
C. To stay in a safer place until the tornado passes.
D. To predict where future tornadoes will form and travel.
TEST 19 – Unit 6, 7, 8
(45 minutes)
Part 1:Listening
Listen and fill in the blank with missing information from 1 to 6.
Solar energy, air, and water are renewable resources because there is an unlimited supply.
However, this (1) _______ may change if people are not careful with these resources. The amount of
solar energy that reaches the (2) _______ depends on the (3) _______ If the atmosphere is polluted,
the solar energy that reaches the earth (4) _______ be dangerous. If life is going to continue, the air
must contain the correct amount of nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), carbon dioxide (CO ), and other (5)2
_______. If humans continue to pollute the air, it will not contain the correct (6) _______ of these
gases.
Part 2: Pronunciation
Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other
three in pronunciation?
1. A. drought B. brought C. doubt D. boundary
2 A. extinct B. ecosystem C. electricity D. recycle
Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the
position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
3. A. diploma B. doctorate C. internship D. scholarship
4. A. undergraduate B. university C. baccalaureate D. accommodation
Part 3: Vocabulary and grammar
Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. No one seems to care about the environment, _______?
A. does he B. is he C. do they D. are they
2. If people breathe polluted air, they can _______ health problems and fall ill.
A. acquire B. gain C. own D. develop
3. Why are your hands so dirty? - I _______ my bike.
A. have been repaired B. repaired
C. have been repairing D. has been repaired
4. There are many ways for us to reduce our_______ in order to save our environment.
A. deforestation B. extinction
C. carbon footprint D. diversity
5. No fluorescent light, no motorcycles, no television, on the 15 day of each lunar month, the riverside
th
town of Hoi An _______ modern life the night off.
A. gives B. lets C. brings D. turns
6. In Singapore today, people tend to live in _______ families which consist of parents and children.
A. extended B. sole C. crowded D. nuclear
7. The distinction of the Khai Dinh Tomb is the unique architecture _______ the art of Rococo and the
Vietnamese style .
A. combined B. combining
C. to be combined D. which combine
8. Another thing that I was really impressed with Hoi An is the preservation of the whole town which is
very amazing and very _______.
A. correct B. exact C. authentic D. original
9. So far, global warming and its effects _______ the health of older people and children.
A. are threatening B. have been threatening
C. threaten D. had been threatening

10. We admired the Japanese _______ the city of Fukushima after the disaster.
A. for having rebuilt B. of having rebuilt
C. to rebuild D. to being rebuilt
Part 4: Reading
Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the
numbered blanks.
Travelling in Glasgow area
The city of Glasgow has a modern underground rail network and plenty of buses and trains. It
also has a few other forms of transport. The ferry across the river Clyde between Yoker (1) _______
Renfrew is popular with tourists. There has been a ferry in service here for around 500 years. The (2)
_______ takes about half an hour, and it’s an interesting way to see this part of the city. For a (3)
_______ boat ride, you could try one of the cruises on the Clyde. The cruises (4) _______ at the
Riverside Museum and sail down the river past some amazing historical parts of the city. If you fancy
trying something more adventurous, you could travel from Glasgow to the island of Mull on a
seaplane. The costs are quite expensive, but it's an experience you won't forget. Also in the air, why
not try a helicopter flight? It’s not cheap, but you get a wonderful (5) _______ of the city.
1. A. and B. for C. into D. to
2. A. transport B. travel C. route D. trip
3. A. bigger B. taller C. longer D. higher
4. A. depart B. start C. open D. leave
5. A. scenery B. landscape C. view D. scene
Read the passage below and choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to
each question.
Global Warming
Global warming refers to the increase of the earth's average temperature due to increasing
amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Scientists agree that the burning of fossil fuels like
oil and coal causes greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide to escape into the air and act like a
warm blanket over the earth. One way to reduce greenhouse gases is to reduce deforestation, the
cutting down of trees. Trees soak up carbon dioxide from the air, so having lots of trees around is
good for the atmosphere.
There are already some changes happening because of global warming. Sea level is rising and
some animals are moving to new homes because their natural habitat is disappearing. If the warming
gets worse, as scientists expect, there may be some kinds of plants and animals that become extinct.
There may be more storms and floods. Due to melting ice caps, sea levels may rise so much that
people have to move away from the coasts. Some areas may become too dry for farming. All humans
contribute to global warming by burning fossil fuels when they drive a car, fly in an airplane, and heat
or cool their houses.
The best way to help slow down global warming is to put less carbon into the air by using less
fossil fuel - something that is easy to say, but hard to do!
6. What is global warming?

A. The increase of the earth's average temperature due to increasing amounts of greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere.
B. The burning of fossil fuels like oil and coal to cause greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide.
C. The fact that sea level is rising and some animals are moving to new homes because their
natural habitat is disappearing.
D. Putting less carbon into the air by using less fossil fuel.
7. What does melting ice caps cause?
A. The extinction of some animals and plants.
B. The rise in sea levels.
C. The decrease in the carbon in the atmosphere.
D. The cutting down of trees.
8. The paragraph is about _______.
A. ways to slow down global warming
B. global warming - a world issue
C. causes and consequences of global warming
D. how scientists define global warming
9. What does the word "that" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. global warming B. the natural habitat
C. scientists D. plants and animals
10. Deforestation means _______.
A. cutting down of trees.
B. planting lots of trees.
C. supplying trees with carbon dioxide.
D. burning fossil fuels.
Part 5: Writing
Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the original
sentence.
1. Because we had been invited to the party, we could hardly refuse to go.
→ Having________________________________________________________________________
2. My brother is the only one who realized the danger.
→ My brother____________________________________________________________________
3. Yes, I dropped your vase,' said the cleaner.
→ The cleaner admitted_____________________________________________________________
4. It is raining. The rain started two hours ago.
→ It has_________________________________________________________________________
5. Tom had taken active part in the Green Summer activities. He was rewarded for that.
→ Tom was______________________________________________________________________
TEST 20 – Unit 6, 7, 8
(45 minutes)
Part 1:Listening
Listen to part of a news report on United Nation's determination to control

global warming. For each question, decide whether the statements are True or
False. Tick () the correct boxes. You will listen to the recording TWICE.
T F
1. The UN report says that harmful effects of greenhouse gases can be eliminated.
2. Using energy-saving cars and household devices can keep the Earth safe.
3. Tackling climate change will cost 10% of world economic output.
4. Rising temperatures are not such a big problem now.
5. The report emphasizes the need for a wide range of clean technologies.
three in pronunciation.
1. A. educate B. club C. public D. summer
2. A. teenage B. heritage C. package D. passage

3. A. picturesque B. temperature C. emperor D. dynasty
4. A. geology B. archaeologist C. irresponsible D. itinerary
1 All the students _______ for their academic transcripts all this week, but they _______ them yet.
A. have been waiting/ haven't been receiving
B. have waited/ haven't received
C. have been waiting/ haven't received
D. have waited/ haven't been receiving
2. It is not easy at all to get a good job without any ________ qualifications.
A. social B. favourite C. great D. academic
3. Let’s have a drink, ________?
A. do we B. don't we C. shan't we D. shall we
4. I ________ for the university's reply about entry requirements for a whole week. I hope to receive it
soon.
A. have been waiting B. was waiting
C. waited D. have waited
5. The teacher accused her students ________ attention to what she said.
A. not paying B. of not paying
C. on not paying D. not to pay
6. ________ trees around the house on the South and West sides, they can save up to about $250 a
year on cooling and heating.
A. Being planted B. To have planted
C. To plant D. Having planted
7. Peter: "Need a hand with your suitcase, Jane?” Jane:" ________ "
A. Well done B. Not a chance
C. That's very kind of you D. I don't believe it

8. - "Can I use your motorbike this evening?''-" ________ "
A. Of course, you can B. Do it if you can
C. Of course, you might D. It’s my pleasure
9. Cat Ba is also rich of cultural festival and traditions that are highly potential for ________ and
development.
A. conservation B. research C. growth D. promotion
10. We came to the temple dedicated to King Dinh Tien Hoang, ________ Hoa Lu to build the citadel.
A. to choose B. choosing C. chosen D. which chose
Part 4: Reading
Choose and use the correct form of the word or phrase in the box that best fits each space in
the following passage
Children in the Netherlands must be at least four years old to enter primary education. Almost all
4-year-olds (99.3%) in the country indeed attend primary school, (1) ________ this is not compulsory
until children reach the age (2) ________ five. Primary school is free of charge. In most schools,
children are grouped by age in (3) ________ ability classes, with one teacher for all subjects. Primary
school (4) ________ of 8 groups, thus schooling lasts for 8 years. During the first two years, which is
also called kindergarten, children receive an average of 22 hours of education, during the last 6 years
children receive an average of 25 hours per week. Schools are open 5 days a week, but children are
free on Wednesday afternoon. At the end of primary school, or in group 8, schools advice on
secondary school choice. Most schools use a national test to support this advice, for instance the
'Citotoets', a test (5) ________ by the Central Institute for Test development.
each question.
Tropical rainforests are being destroyed and badly degraded at an unsustainable rate. Some
scientists estimate that in the early 1990s tropical forests were being destroyed at a rate of
approximately 28 hectares a minute, or about 14 million hectares each year - an area about the size of
the state of Wisconsin. This figure marked a decrease since the 1980s, when approximately 16 million
hectares were destroyed each year, largely due to a reported decline of deforestation in the Amazon
River Basin in the early 1990s. However, satellite images indicate that rates may have rebounded in
the late 1990s as burning in the Amazon increased again. Over the past three decades alone, about 5
million square kilometers - or 20 percent of the world's tropical forests - have been cleared. During this
time, deforestation in tropical Asia reached almost 30 percent. High rates of deforestation are
inevitably followed by alarming rates of plant and animal extinction because many rainforest species
cannot survive outside their pristine rainforest habitat. Some scientists estimate that dozens of
rainforest species are becoming extinct every day.
Causes of deforestation vary from location to location, but certain patterns tend to be consistent
across all forests. Logging companies in search of valuable rainforest hardwoods, or, less often, oil
companies in search of petroleum, are often the first to enter a remote area of rainforest. Some logged
forests, if left alone, can regenerate in a few decades. But typically, they are not left alone - the roads
built by logging companies often provide access for landless farmers to enter a new area, as well as a
means to transport agricultural crops to market. For every 1 kilometer of new roads built through a
forested area, 4 to 24 square kilometers are deforested and colonized.
Once the loggers leave the land, a typical cycle of destruction ensues. When the landless farmers
arrive, they clear the land for planting. Poor rainforest soils produce a low crop yield, especially after a
couple of years. At that point, the farmers often sell their lands to cattle ranchers or large plantation
owners. After nutrients have been exhausted and soils compacted by cattle, lands are then
abandoned and often laid to waste. Rainforest does not readily regenerate on these lands without
human intervention. Meanwhile, the colonist farmers and cattle ranchers move to a new piece of land
made accessible by logging roads, where the cycle of deforestation begins again.
(Source: Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation)
6. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The size of tropical rainforest loss
B. Causes and effects of rainforest destruction
C. The rate of rainforest destruction in the Amazon
D. Typical patterns of extinction of rainforest species
7. According to paragraph 1, which of the following about the rate of rainforest destruction is TRUE?
A. It was greater in the early 1990s than in the 1980s.
B. It was the same in the early 1990s as in the 1980s.
C. It was greater in the 1980s than in the early 1990s.
D. It kept increasing from the 1980s to the 1990s.
8. Which of the following can result from the loss of tropical rainforests?
A. The decrease in wasted lands
B. The disappearance of many rainforest species
C. The disappearance of landless farmers
D. The increase in the rainforest habitat
9 According to the passage, what is the most common cause of deforestation in different regions?
A. The search for oil B. The search for valuable woods
C. The search for rare animals D. The search for new farm lands
10. The word "regenerate" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. recover B. recycle C. repeat D. refine
Part 5: Writing
Circle the mistake in each sentence and correct it.
1. If (A) public transport will be (B) efficient, people stop (C) using their cars (D).
2. Let's save (A) by using (B) both sides of the sheet ,(C) shall you? (D).
3. Having deciding (A) on the topic of the presentation.(B) he started (C) finding the relevant
information for it. (D)
4. Ethan is (A) usually the (B) last person understanding (C) the joke (D).
5. Having rescued (A), the injured (B) man was (C) taken to hospital (D).
TEST 21 – Unit 6, 7, 8
(45 minutes)
Part 1:Listening
Listen and match the target with its characteristic. There is one characteristic
which you do not need to use.
Targets Characteristics
1. Students who want to do law_______ A. will not need any experience to start a
course
2. Mature students_______
B. will benefit from open-learning courses
3. Students who are motivated by self-
development_______ C. could get relevant work experience while
they study
4. Students who have young children _______
D. can be accepted onto a course without
5. Students who choose a career in qualifications
journalism_______
E. should enquire about the other students
on their course
F. must have certain qualifications
three in pronunciation.
1. A. opinion B. optimistic C. operate D. optional
2. A. assistance B. pessimistic C. assure D. fossil
3 A. broaden B. provide C. pursue D. succeed
4. A. college B. degree C. language D. subject

1. Any pupil caught _______ was made to stand at the front of the class.
A. misbehave B. misbehaved C. misbehaviour D. misbehaving
2. They ________ sacrifices so that their only child could have a good education.
A. made B. did C. provided D. lent
3. A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants ________ degrees at all
levels in a variety of subjects.
A. secondary B. optional C. academic D. vocational
4. It's the first time you ________ an online course, isn’t it?
A. had ever taken B. have ever been taken
C. ever took D. have ever taken
5. The teacher ________ the speaking task on the board, so now the students are discussing it.
A. has already been writing B. has already written
C. already wrote D. had already written
6. He was suspected ________ having received presents from the local companies and ignored their
violations of the environmental law.
A. about B. on C. of D. for
7. Even when arrested, he denied ________ cut down that tree.
A. has B. having C. have D. have had
8. Although some of the structures are now ________, most of the significant existing monuments
have been partially restored.
A. in danger B. at risk C. in ruins D. at war
9. The Thang Long Imperial Citadel was built in the 11 century by the Ly Dynasty, ________ the
th
independence of Dai Viet.
A. marking B. offering C. commemorating D. bringing
10. Hue Imperial Citadel is the home of Vietnam’s last royal dynasty ________ our country from 1802
to 1945.
A. ruled B. being ruled C. to rule D. which had ruled
Part 4: Reading
Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the
numbered blanks.
ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME
We are probably all guilty at some point in our lives of not caring for the environment as much as
we should. Perhaps we drop litter without thinking, or cause (1) ________ by using our cars when it's
not necessary. However, the real environmental criminals are those big businesses which ignore the
law. For many years now, (2) ________ have attempted to protect the environment by making
businesses responsible for making sure that the chemical they use don’t add to the destruction of the
environment. The problem for businesses is that the (3) ________ of the environment costs money,
and businesses will always try to (4) ________ their costs if they can. Some of them do this by simply
putting chemical into rivers when they have finished with them, leading to the creation of major
problems. Although government inspectors may try to catch them doing it, it can be very difficult to get
proof that a particular business is responsible for an environmental problem. It really depends (5)
________ not only the government but also businesses and individuals as well. All people
need to contribute to protecting the environment.
1. A. damage B. pollution C. accidents D. trouble
2. A. politicians B. politics C. parties D. residents
3. A. production B. protection C. destruction D. deforestation
4. A. stabilise B. raise C. lower D. save
5. A. over B. at C. on D. in
each question.
Do you think education is better now than it was in your grandparents’ time? Many older people in
the UK believe the opposite. "Schools were better in our day," they complain. "There isn't enough
discipline these days. Kids don't work as hard as we did, either. The syllabus isn’t as challenging, so
clever students aren’t being stretched enough. They need to study things in greater depth. Exams are
much, much easier now as well."
Were schools better years ago? Some British teenagers travelled back in time to a 1950s
boarding school. They got a big surprise! The first shock came when the teenagers met their new
teachers. Dressed in traditional black gowns, they look so frosty and uncaring! They were really
authoritarian, too, so anyone caught breaking the rules - talking in classes, mucking about in the
playground or playing truant - was in big trouble! Punishments included writing 'lines’ or staying after
class to do detention. The naughtiest kids were expelled.
Things were just as bad after class. At meal times the students had to endure a diet of plain, no-
nonsense, healthy food. Homework was obligatory and it took ages! Copying essays off the Internet
wasn't an option, as personal computers didn't exist in the 1950s!
At the end of 'term' everyone sat 1950s-style exams. The old exams were much longer than their
twenty-first century equivalents and involved learning huge amounts of facts by heart. History papers
were all dates and battles. Maths papers were trickier, too; calculators weren't around in the 1950s, so
the students had to memorise multiplication tables and master long division. Our candidates found this
really difficult.
The exam results surprised a lot of people. Students predicted to do well in their real-life, twenty-
first century exams often got low grades in the 1950s exams. Does this prove modern exams are too
easy? Do twenty-first century kids rely too much on modern technology, like calculators and
computers?
The TV series of That'll teach 'em! focused on a 1960s vocational school. UK school-kids study a
range of academic subjects these days. But in the 1960s, children judged to be less 'able' went to
vocational schools. These helped them learn job skills. Boys studied subjects like metalwork,
woodwork or gardening. In some classes, they even learned how to milk goats! The girls' timetables
included secretarial skills. They also learned to cook, clean and sew - probably not much fun for most
girls.
6. What criticism is sometimes made about modern education in the first paragraph?
A. Teachers are not strict enough.
B. The syllabus is out of date.
C. There's too much stress on exams.
D. The teaching methods are not good enough.
7. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the food the students ate at school?
A. It wasn’t cooked properly. B. It wasn't delicious.
C. It wasn't nutritious. D. There wasn't much of it.
8. The word "obligatory" in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to _________.
A. compulsory B. difficult C. long D. complicated
9. What was surprising about the students' results after taking the 1950s-style exams?
A. All the students found the exams difficult.
B. Students didn't do as well as expected.
C. Students who were predicted to fail did rather well.
D. Students did better than twenty-first century exams.
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Vocational schools provided poorer children with equipment.
B. Vocational schools took children who were good at studying.
C. Vocational schools prepared students for employment.
D. Vocational schools were a complete waste of time.
Part 5: Writing
Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the original
sentence.
1. He said that he would take responsibility for his company's damage to the area. But then he denied
that.
→ He denied_____________________________________________________________________
2. He donated a lot of money to environmental protection campaigns. He was admired for that.
→ He was admired________________________________________________________________
3. Lisa has never studied abroad before.
→ It's___________________________________________________________________________
4. The last time my friend wrote a letter to me was in February.
→ I last_________________________________________________________________________
5. Trang An is a prominent place in southeast Asia and the world which contains abundant
archaeologists evidences preserved almost well.
→ Trang An is____________________________________________________________________

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101.

TEENAGE AIRLINE BOSS

1. A. widest B. greatest C. most D. best

2. A. venture B. task C. endeavour D. affair

3. A. study B. learn C. prepare D. train

4. A. preference B. alternative C. instead D. rather

5. A. thought B. came C. hit D. dreamt

6. A. initially B. largely C. primarily D. principally

7. A. attraction B. attention C. support D. interest

8. A. held B. pulled C. checked D. called

9. A. way B. chance C. option D. course

10. A. put off B. caught out C. sent back D. turned down

11. A. However B. Despite C. Although D. Nonetheless

12. A. reached B. fulfilled C. obtained D. completed

13. A. blocking B. stopping C. standing D. impeding

102. HOW TO CONCENTRATE

1. A. manage B. achieve C. succeed D. accomplish

2. A. removal B. exclusion C. omission D. rejection

3. A. lets B. means C. makes D. allows

4. A. face B. confront C. tackle D. meet

5. A. brings B. puts C. takes D. holds

6. A. absorbing B. gripping C. arresting D. enthralling

7. A. otherwise B. thus C. whereby D. whilst

8. A. absent B. devoid C. lacking D. deficient

9. A. gently B. plainly C. easily D. surely

10. A. application B. attention C. consideration D. contemplation

11. A. length B. stroke C. sequence D. time

12. A. sidestep B. distract C. sidetrack D. disturb

13. A. risk B. chance C. dare D. brave

103. AN UNUSUALLY SUCCESSFUL LESSON

1. A. caught B. made C. come D. met

2. A. instead B. otherwise C. whereas D. whilst

3. A. turns B. rota C. order D. sequences

4. A. perceive B. find C. regard D. discover

5. A. supports B. comforts C. relieves D. softens

6. A. earn B. add C. gain D. increase

8. A. dust B. mop C. sweep D. brush

9. A. mess B. joke C. laugh D. kid

10. A. stressful B. heavy C. strong D. intense

11. A. promotes B. enhances C. benefits D. favours

12. A. friendly B. helpful C. co-operative D. tolerant

13. A. enthusiastic B. keen C. optimistic D. fond

104. BRAVE NURSE SAVES PENSIONER FROM FIRE

1. A. burnt B. burning C. fiery D. ignited

2. A. route B. passage C. way D. path

3. A. distinguished B. noticed C. remarked D. detected

4. Ax running B. flowing C. pouring D. trickling

5. A. knew B. recognised C. identified D. realised

7. A. gazed B. stared C. spied D. peered

8. A. wake B. get C. raise D. bring

9. A. into B. through C. via D. by

10. A. lifted B. raised C. set D. took

11. A. great B. thick C. big D. deep

12. A. full B. packed C. stuffed D. filled

13. A. view B. hold C. see D. consider

105. THE LATE, LATE FLIGHT TO LONDON

1. A. with B. at C. on D. for

2. A. still B. however C. already D. yet

3. A. told B, said C. mentioned D. announced

4. A. late B. delayed C. retarded D. behind

5. A. order B. case C. time D. turn

6. A. mislaid B. lost C. missed D. wasted

7. A. up B. off C, down D. out