Untitled

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﺷﻲ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻮل اﻟﺘﻼﺧﯿﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮﻛﻞ‬
‫

‬
‫ ‬
‫

‬
‫
‪W‬‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫א
‬
‫ﻮل‬
‫‬
‫اﻟﺘ‬
‫אא א
‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫א א‬
‫א א ‬
‫ﺧﻴ‬
‫אא ‬
‫אאא ‬
‫ﺺ‬
‫ ‬
‫א א א‬

‫אא א ‬
‫אא א"! ‬
‫ ‪$%

& !"# :‬‬
‫‪https://www.facebook.com/102657521121610/posts/643293090391381/‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮل‬
‫ﻼ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ‬
‫ﺧﻴ‬
‫ﺺ‬
‫‪https://www.facebook.com/102657521121610/posts/643293090391381/‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫@ @‬
‫א&‪ W%‬‬ ‫א‪ W! " #‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫&‪#$ %‬א‪)*)+,- %& J‬א ‪ (#‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪(1!-,2 J . / 0‬א ‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫א" ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫א‪ 3 4-5‬‬
‫א‪ 6 /%5‬‬
‫ﻮل‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪7‬א‪8! J+) ,‬א‪0/ J+) ,‬א‪ 9 05‬‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫א!‪:‬א*" ‬
‫‪14‬‬ ‫א‪#‬אא ‬
‫اﻟﺘ‬
‫‪16‬‬ ‫(אא;‪=#‬א!‪ n <-‬‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫א א‪ (#‬‬
‫א‪#‬א‪3‬א> ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫‪22‬‬ ‫א ‪ +‬‬
‫ﺧﻴ‬
‫‪24‬‬ ‫א‪#‬א‪3‬א? ‪ ,‬‬

‫‪26‬‬ ‫א‪#‬א‪3‬א@ ‬
‫ﺺ‬
‫‪28‬‬ ‫א‪#‬א(א‪ #/‬‬

‫‪31‬‬ ‫א (‪5‬א ‪ A‬‬
‫‪32‬‬ ‫א‪@#C‬א‪ B‬‬
‫‪34‬‬ ‫א‪#‬א( ‬
‫‪36‬‬ ‫א‪ 5 ,$5‬‬
‫‪38‬‬ ‫א ‪F‬א‪ DEE‬‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫'*)(א‬
4‫(א‬05K2 +(,‫א‬-.-/01*'
(a ≠ 0) ax + b W‫(א‬,‫↖'*א‬
b
x −∞ − +∞
a
ax + b a %&G a %&
‫ﻣ‬

(a ≠ 0) ax ² + bx + c W+(,‫א‬-.-/01*'↖
‫ﻮل‬
Ρ (x ) = ax ² + bx + c WHB
W( ‫א‬+$

Ρ (x ) +,- Ρ (x ) %& x∈» Ρ (x ) = 0 ,‫א‬

=JK? x −∞ +∞
‫اﻟﺘ‬
∆<0
L‫א‬#$0@‫א‬ Ρ (x ) a %& S = ∅

b
x −∞ − +∞
‫ﻼ‬
Ρ (x ) = a x


b ²
+ 
2a  Ρ (x )
a
%& %&
S = { } −b
2a
∆=0

a
‫ﺧﻴ‬
a
∆ = b² - 4ac
S = {x1; x2 }

WM$
‫ﺺ‬
x1 x 2 +∞
x −b − ∆
Ρ (x ) = a (x − x1)(x − x 2 ) −∞ x1 =
G
2a ∆>0
Ρ (x )
%&
%&
%&

a a
a
−b + ∆
E x1 < x2 WOPQF x2 =
2a

(a ≠ 0) x∈ ax ² + bx + c = 0 W( ‫א‬D$ x 2 x1 O 8‫א‬S&

c −b
x1 × x2 = x1 + x2 = WOTU
a a
4

6789
4‫(א‬05K2 +(‫א‬+:1 0;
W6789↖
b a L//$=(#+
(a + b )2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
(a − b )2 = a 2 − 2ab + b 2
‫ﻣ‬
a 2 − b 2 = (a − b )(a + b )
‫ﻮل‬
(a + b )3 = a 3 + 3a 2b + 3ab 2 + b 3
(a − b )3 = a 3 − 3a 2b + 3ab 2 − b 3
a 3 − b 3 = (a − b )(a 2 + ab + b 2 )
a 3 + b 3 = (a + b )(a 2 − ab + b 2 )
‫اﻟﺘ‬
W+(‫א‬4‫<א(א‬8:1 0;↖
L(#$Q P =
WD. f ‫א‬#‫א‬1!-,2 WD WU! x D//$KV(#‫ (א‬f

‫ﻼ‬
Df = f (x ) = Ρ (x )
‫ﺧﻴ‬
Ρ (x )
D f = {x ∈ /Q (x ) ≠ 0} f (x ) =
Q (x )
‫ﺺ‬
D f = {x ∈ / Ρ (x ) ≥ 0} f (x ) = Ρ (x )
Ρ (x )
D f = {x ∈ /Q (x ) > 0} f (x ) =
Q (x )
Ρ (x )
Df = {x ∈ / Ρ (x ) ≥ 0 Q (x ) > 0} f (x ) =
Q (x )
 Ρ (x ) Ρ (x )
Df = x ∈ / ≥ 0 Q (x ) ≠ 0} f (x ) =

 Q (x ) Q (x )

4‫(א‬05K2 (>

?1)=‫א‬
W=18 7 x x (n ∈ *)x x n 4‫↖=א(א‬
lim x = 0
x →0
lim x n = 0
x →0
>
lim x = +∞ 1
x →+∞ lim n = 0
x →−∞ x
1 1
‫ﻣ‬
lim =0 lim n = 0
x →+∞ x x →+∞ x
WOTU (!U‫(א‬# n O 8‫א‬S& WOTU X‫(א‬# n O 8‫א‬S&
‫ﻮل‬
lim x n = +∞ lim x n = +∞
x →+∞ x →+∞
n
lim x = −∞ lim x n = +∞
x →−∞ x →−∞
1 1
lim n = +∞ lim n = +∞
x →0 x x →0 x
> >
‫اﻟﺘ‬
1 1
lim n = −∞ lim n = +∞
x →0 x x →0 x
< <
W −∞ (A +∞ (?@‫א‬4‫א(א‬+(,‫א‬4‫↖=א(א‬

‫ﻼ‬
−∞ #P +∞ #Z‫" (א‬ −∞ #P +∞ #(#$ "
(Y8‫" א‬#$[ \ " D. (Y8‫ א‬.#$ " D.
‫ﺧﻴ‬
W#‫א‬4‫↖=א(א‬
1 − cos x 1 tan x sin x

‫ﺺ‬
lim = lim =1 lim =1

x →0 x² 2 x →0 x x →0 x
x u (x ) W! ‫א‬4‫↖=א(א‬
lim u (x ) lim u (x )
x →x0 x →x0
l l≥0
+∞ +∞
−∞ #P +∞ #P ‫ ^א‬x 0 #PL,‫ ^א‬x 0 # >^/<- "‫]א‬Z.

WB1C‫↖א=א‬

u (x ) ≤ f (x ) ≤ V (x )
 f (x ) − l ≤ V (x )

lim u (x ) = l  ⇒ lim f (x ) = l ⇒ lim f (x ) = l
x →x 0  x →x 0 lim V x = 0  x →x 0
( )
 x →x 0 
lim V (x ) = l 
x →x 0 
u (x ) ≤ V (x )  u (x ) ≤ f (x ) 
‫ﻣ‬
 ⇒ lim f (x ) = −∞  ⇒ lim f (x ) = +∞
lim V (x ) = −∞ x →x 0 lim u (x ) = +∞ x →x 0
x →x 0  x →x 0 
‫ﻮل‬
−∞ #P +∞ #P ‫ ^א‬x 0 #PL,‫ ^א‬x 0 # >^/<- "‫]א‬Z.
W=‫א‬D0‫↖א‬
WE‫א‬+! 0;=
‫اﻟﺘ‬
lim f (x ) l l l −∞ +∞ +∞
x →x 0
lim g (x ) l' −∞ +∞ −∞ +∞ −∞
x →x 0
lim [g (x ) + f (x )] l + l' −∞ +∞ −∞ +∞ ` _
x →x 0
‫ﻼ‬
WE‫א‬+F‫= (א‬
‫ﺧﻴ‬
lim f (x ) l l<0 l>0 −∞ −∞ +∞ 0

x →x 0
lim g (x ) l' −∞ +∞ −∞ +∞ −∞ +∞ +∞ ±∞
x →x 0
lim [g (x ) × f (x )] l × l' +∞ −∞ −∞ +∞ +∞ −∞ +∞ `_
x →x 0
‫ﺺ‬
WE‫א‬+GH=
lim f (x ) l l l<0 l>0 −∞ +∞ 0 ±∞

x →x 0
lim g (x ) l' ≠ 0 ±∞
x →x 0 0− 0+ 0− 0+ 0− 0+ 0− 0+ 0 ±∞
g (x ) l ` _ `_
lim 0 +∞ −∞ −∞ +∞ +∞ −∞ −∞ +∞
x →x 0 f (x ) l'
WI).
−∞ #P +∞ #P ‫ ^א‬x 0 #PL,‫ ^א‬x 0 # >^/<- "‫]א‬Z.
7

4‫(א‬05K241J‫א‬
W97K41J‫↖א‬
x 0 a4 f ⇔ lim f (x ) = f (x 0 ) W:1
x →x 0
W‫א‬D41J‫–א‬E0‫א‬D41J‫א‬

x 0 aL,‫^א‬4 f ⇔ lim f (x ) = f (x 0 ) •
x → x0
>
x 0 a ‫^א‬4 f ⇔ lim f (x ) = f (x 0 ) •
x → x0
‫ﻣ‬
<
x 0 a4 f ⇔ x 0 a ‫^א‬L,‫^א‬4 f

W4;D41J‫↖א‬
‫ﻮل‬
]a,b[ 3 d‫!=א‬4+8a4 f c 8‫א‬S& ]a,b[ b3 2^4‫ (א‬f O-
]a,b[ b‫א‬3 d‫^א‬4 f c 8‫א‬S&[a,b ] eV3 2^4‫ (א‬f O-
b a ‫^א‬4 a aL,‫^א‬4
W#‫א‬4‫א(א‬D0‫↖א‬
D//$(# k I 3 2^L4L‫ (א‬g f =
‫اﻟﺘ‬
I 3 d‫^א‬4 kf f × g f + g 3‫א‬#‫• א‬
f 1
I 3 d‫^א‬L4 L‫א‬#‫א‬OTU I ^#-5 g c 8‫א‬S& •
g g
‫ﻼ‬
^4(#$‫(א‬+8 • WLM
"!-,2^4Z‫(א‬+8 •
‫ﺧﻴ‬
» + ^4 x x ‫א‬#‫• א‬
» Ô 4 x cos x x sin x O ‫א‬#‫• א‬
− {π2 + k π / k ∈ } "!-,2^4 x tan x ‫א‬#‫א‬ •

‫ﺺ‬
WE‫א‬+B
41‫↖א‬
f (I ) ⊂ J WMf J 3 2^4 g I 3 2^4‫ (א‬f c 8‫א‬S&
I 3 d‫^א‬4 g ο f WOTU
W‫(א‬84;* N↖
0gD.4‫א‬# 0g> •
3 2D.4‫א‬# 3 2> •
I 3 2^ 0g<-4‫ (א‬f =WNHJ)

f (I ) 3 d‫<א‬hiAD ‫א‬3#;‫א‬
8

f (I ) 3 d‫א‬
I 3 d‫א‬
I ^ 0g4g - f I ^ 0g#‫א‬- f
[ f (b ); f (a )] [ f (a ); f (b )] [a, b ]
   
 lim− f (x ) ; f (a )  f (a ) ; lim− f (x ) [a, b[
 x →b   x →b 
   
 f (b ); lim+ f (x )  lim+ f (x ) ; f (b ) ]a, b ]
 x →a   x →a 
   
 lim− f (x ) ; lim+ f (x )  lim+ f (x ) ; lim− f (x ) ]a, b[
 x →b x →a   x →a x →b 
‫ﻣ‬
   
 lim f (x ) ; f (a )  f (a ) ; lim f (x ) [a, +∞[
 x →+∞   x →+∞ 
   
 lim f (x ) ; lim+ f (x )  lim+ f (x ) ; lim f (x ) ]a, +∞[
‫ﻮل‬
 x →+∞ x →a   x →a x →+∞ 
 ( )   
 f a ; lim f (x )  lim f (x ) ; f (a ) ]−∞,a ]
 x →−∞   x →−∞ 
   
 lim− f (x ) ; lim f (x )  lim f (x ) ; lim− f (x ) ]−∞,a[
 x →a x →−∞   x →−∞ x →a 
   
 lim f (x ) ; lim f (x )  lim f (x ) ; lim f (x )
 x →+∞ x →−∞   x →−∞ x →+∞ 
‫اﻟﺘ‬
W9 ‫א‬O7‫א‬6P↖
f (b ) f (a ) =(#‫א‬L 47 β D//$(#+jTU [a,b ] 3 2^4 f c 8‫א‬S&
f (α) = β WMf [a,b ] 3 d‫ =א‬α D//$(#+g‫^א‬#
‫ﻼ‬

f (a ) × f (b ) < 0 [a,b ] 3 2^4 f c 8‫א‬S& W

[a,b ] 3 d‫א‬k&D, α *$+g‫^א‬+</- f (x ) = 0 ( ‫א‬OTU
‫ﺧﻴ‬
f (a ) × f (b ) < 0 [a,b ] 3 2^ 0g<-4‫ (א‬f c 8‫א‬S&

[a,b ] 3 d‫א‬k&D, α ‫א‬#$*$+</- f (x ) = 0 ( ‫א‬OTU
WQM‫א&!א‬7R↖
‫ﺺ‬
f (a ) × f (b ) < 0 WMf [a,b ] 3 2^ 0g<-4‫ (א‬f =

[a, b ] 3 d‫א‬a f (x ) = 0 ( ,#$‫א‬+ ‫ א‬α =
f (b )× f 
a + b 
 < 0 WO 8‫א‬S& f (a )× f 
a + b 
 < 0 WO 8‫א‬S&
 2    2 
b −a a +b b −a a +b
j@Khl‫אא‬Z. < α < b WOTU j@Khl‫אא‬Z.a < α < WOTU
2 2 2 2
a + b   a +b 
34n  ;b  3 d‫^א‬/!0‫]א‬Z.( &=m 34n a;  3 d‫^א‬/!0‫]א‬Z.( &=m
 2   2 
α (#6(PKhl-^ α (#6(PKhl-^
"UF?!j@ α (#Khl-^34 ‫א‬oOPk&/!0‫]א‬Z.( &=m‫א(א‬Z.WI).
9

4‫(א‬05K2 S7J‫א‬

W+(KS7J‫א‬8T↖
f (x ) − f (x 0 )
" lim W "‫א‬c 8‫א‬S& x 0 (#‫א‬a6 /%* g f ‫(א‬O&3/
x →x 0 x − x0
f ' (x 0 ) W! j! x 0 a f ‫א‬#ep‫(א‬#‫^א‬,- "‫]א‬Z.
W‫א‬+D%#0#‫&א‬W‫א(אא‬J‫א‬+D%#U0#‫א‬4+↖
x 0 a6 /%* g‫ (א‬f =
‫ﻣ‬
y = f ' (x 0 )(x − x 0 ) + f (x 0 ) WD. x 0 C4UPr‫א‬0/‫א‬a f ‫א‬#‫^א‬nq ,‫ (א‬
u (x ) = f ' (x 0 )(x − x 0 ) + f (x 0 ) WD ,8 Û!‫ א‬u ‫א‬#‫א‬
‫ﻮل‬
x 0 ‫א‬u f ‫א‬#t!/-D. x 0 C4UPr‫א‬0/‫א‬a f ‫א‬#‫^א‬n@ ,‫א‬s‫אא‬#‫^א‬,-
WE0‫א‬DS7J‫א‬8TJE0‫א‬DS7J‫א‬8T↖
f (x ) − f (x 0 )
" lim "‫א‬c 8‫א‬S& x 0 aL,‫^א‬6 /%* g f ‫(א‬O&3/
x → x0 x − x0
>
f 'd (x 0 ) W! j! x 0 aL,‫ ^א‬f ‫א‬#ep‫(א‬#‫^א‬,- "‫]א‬Z.
‫اﻟﺘ‬
f (x ) − f (x 0 )
" lim W "‫א‬c 8‫א‬S& x 0 a ‫^א‬6 /%* g f ‫(א‬O&3/
x → x0 x − x0
<
f 'g (x 0 ) W! j! x 0 a ‫ ^א‬f ‫א‬#ep‫(א‬#‫^א‬,- "‫]א‬Z.
‫ﻼ‬
f 'g (x 0 ) = f 'd (x 0 ) x 0 a ‫^א‬L,‫^א‬6 /%* g f c 8‫א‬S& x 0 a6 /%* g f ‫(א‬O-
W41J‫א‬S7J‫↖א‬
‫ﺧﻴ‬
x 0 a4O- f OTU x 0 (#a6 /%* g f ‫(א‬c 8‫א‬S&

W+J‫א‬4‫<א(א‬87X4( ↖
‫ﺺ‬
f (x ) f ′ (x )
(k ∈ ) k 0
x 1
1 −1
x x²
(r ∈ * − {1}) xr rx r −1
x 1
2 x
sin x cos x
cos x − sin x
1
tan x 1 + tan2 x =
cos2 x
10

W?@‫אא‬+7XJE‫א‬+B
7X-7X#‫א‬4‫א(א‬D0‫↖א‬
(k ∈ ) (ku )′ = k (u )′ ( u − v )′ = u ′ − v ′ (u + v )′ = u ′ + v ′
(un )′ = nu ′.u n −1 (uv )′ = u ′v + uv ′
()u ′ u ′v − uv ′
v
=
v²
()1 ′ −v ′
v
=
v²
u′
( u )′ = (u οv )′ = u ′οv  × v ′
2 u
W‫א‬+‫>א‬Y1S7J‫↖א‬
I 3 2^6 /%* g‫ (א‬f =
‫ﻣ‬
I 3 d‫^א‬#‫א‬- f ⇔ ∀x ∈ I f ′ (x ) ≥ 0
I 3 d‫^א‬4g - f ⇔ ∀x ∈ I f ' (x ) ≤ 0
‫ﻮل‬
I 3 d‫ ) ^א‬f ⇔ ∀x ∈ I f ' (x ) = 0
WQ(Z‫א‬/[‫א‬S7J‫↖א‬

W+</ (C f ) ^n,D@#C‫א‬+l‫א‬ [ @‫א‬ "‫א‬
f (x ) − f (x 0 )
a .j‫א‬j A (x 0 ; f (x 0 )) 0/‫א‬a @ J a6 /%* g f
lim = a
x →x 0 x − x0 (a ≠ 0)
‫اﻟﺘ‬
x0 f (x ) − f (x 0 )
A (x 0 ; f (x 0 )) 0/‫א‬a /UP @ J lim =0
x →x 0 x − x0
A (x 0 ; f (x 0 )) 0/‫א‬aL,‫^א‬q J14 f (x ) − f (x 0 )
lim + = a
6 /%* g f x − x0
‫ﻼ‬
a .j‫א‬j x →x 0 (a ≠ 0)
x 0 Lm^ f (x ) − f (x 0 )
A (x 0 ; f (x 0 )) 0/‫א‬aL,‫^א‬D/UPq J14 lim + =0
x →x 0 x − x0
‫ﺧﻴ‬
L,‫^א‬v(,q J14 f (x ) − f (x 0 )
gK? f lim + = −∞
+@‫א‬wj A (x 0 ; f (x 0 )) 0/‫א‬a x →x 0 x − x0
6 /%*
L,‫^א‬v(,q J14 f (x ) − f (x 0 )
x 0 Lm^ lim + = +∞
‫ﺺ‬
^‫א‬wj A (x 0 ; f (x 0 )) 0/‫א‬a x →x 0 x − x0
A (x 0 ; f (x 0 )) 0/‫א‬a ‫^א‬q J14 f (x ) − f (x 0 )

lim − = a
a .j‫א‬j 6 /%* g f x →x 0 x − x0 (a ≠ 0)
x 0 ^ f (x ) − f (x 0 )
A (x 0 ; f (x 0 )) 0/‫א‬a ‫^א‬D/UPq J14 lim − =0
x →x 0 x − x0
a ‫^א‬v(,q J14 f (x ) − f (x 0 )
gK? f lim − = −∞
^‫א‬wj A (x 0 ; f (x 0 )) 0/‫א‬ x →x 0 x − x0
6 /%*
‫^א‬v(,q J14 f (x ) − f (x 0 )
x 0 ^ lim − = +∞
+@‫א‬wj A (x 0 ; f (x 0 )) 0/‫א‬a x →x 0 x − x0
11

/-0‫–
\א‬/-0‫ א‬5
4‫(א‬05K2 ]9J‫א‬97
W/-0‫ א‬5↖
(C f ) ^n,+) x7 x = a j( vZ‫א‬o/‫א‬O
WO ‫א‬O h!p‫א‬e/y‫א‬S&
∀x ∈ D f (2a − x ) ∈ Df •
‫ﻣ‬
∀x ∈ D f f (2a − x ) = f (x ) •
W/-0‫↖
\א‬
‫ﻮل‬
(C f ) ^n,+) x8! I (a,b )0/‫א‬O-
∀x ∈ D f (2a − x ) ∈ D f •
∀x ∈ D f f (2a − x ) + f (x ) = 2b •
W]9J‫א‬97-^(%‫–א‬7‫↖א‬

‫اﻟﺘ‬
#O 8‫א‬S&3 2^‫!א‬/‫^(א‬nO
3 d‫אא‬Z.^j- @ JHzcy
∀x ∈ I f ′′ (x ) ≤ 0 WO 8‫א‬S&
‫ﻼ‬
I 3 d‫!א^א‬/O (C f ) ^n‫א‬WOTU
‫ﺧﻴ‬
#O 8‫א‬S&3 2^ #7‫^(א‬nO

3 d‫אא‬Z.^j- @ JHz6U
∀x ∈ I f ′′ (x ) ≥ 0 WO 8‫א‬S&
‫ﺺ‬
I 3 d‫ ^א‬#7O (C f ) ^n‫א‬WOTU
.#r‫^א‬n‫=א‬0/D.‫^(א‬n9 0‫א‬0/
^n‫אא‬Z.!/-KV
%{‫א‬KV-H x 0 a#- f ′′ c 8‫א‬S&
x 0 C4UP9 0‫א‬0/+</ (C f ) ^n‫א‬OTU
%{‫א‬KV-O( x 0 a#- f ′ c 8‫א‬S&
x 0 C4UP9 0‫א‬0/+</ (C f ) ^n‫א‬OTU
12

‫ﻣ‬
lim f (x ) = a lim f (x ) = ∞ lim f (x ) = ∞
x →∞ x →∞ x →a
‫ﻮل‬
lim [ f (x ) − (ax + b )] = 0 lim
f (x )
= a lim
f (x )
=∞ lim
f (x )
=0
x →∞ x →∞ x (a ≠0) x →∞ x x →∞ x
M=.‫א&!א‬
‫اﻟ‬
lim [ f (x ) − ax ] = b lim [ f (x ) − ax ] = ∞
x →∞ x →∞

W+</ (C f )
‫ﺘﻼ‬
W+</ (C f ) W+</ (C f )

W+</ (C f )

W+</ (C f )

W+</ (C f )
‫ﺧﻴ‬
* / ,|% !U ,|% !U ,|% !U
/UP / (, /
4‫(א‬05K2
o/‫א‬j. }‫א‬ j. }‫א‬ j. }‫א‬

Wj( Wj(
j( vZ‫א‬ Wj(
y =a y = ax + b t-‫אא‬7 +> U‫א‬7
y = ax =a

x
‫ﺺ‬
∞ ‫א‬u ∞ ‫א‬u

∞ ‫א‬u ∞ ‫א‬u ∞ ‫א‬u
13

4‫(א‬05K2 ‫א(אא‬
I 3 2^ 0g<-4‫ (א‬f c 8‫א‬S& WNH↖

I 3 d‫א‬w f (I ) 3 d‫=א‬U!‫(א‬+</- f OTU
f −1 W! C!

 f (x ) = y  f −1 (y ) = x
 WLM
 

 ⇔ •

x ∈ I 
y ∈ f (I )
 

‫ﻣ‬
∀x ∈ I ( f −1ο f )(x ) = x •
∀y ∈ f (I ) ( f ο f −1 )(y ) = y •
‫ﻮل‬
W‫א(אא‬YN((_↖
I 3 2^ 0g<-4‫ (א‬f =
I 3 d‫!א=א‬4 y f (I ) 3 d‫!א=א‬4 x =
f −1 (x ) = y ⇔ f (y ) = x WD ‫~א‬U @5
‫اﻟﺘ‬
f (I ) = x !4+ f −1 (x ) V> x 5# y ##n
W‫א(אא‬41‫↖א‬
I 3 2^ 0g<-4‫ (א‬f c 8‫א‬S&
‫ﻼ‬
f (I ) 3 d‫^א‬4 f −1 ‫אא‬#‫א‬OTU
W‫א(אא‬S7‫↖א‬
‫ﺧﻴ‬
I 3 2^ 0g<-4‫ (א‬f =

y0 = f (x 0 ) f (I ) 3 d‫!א=א‬4 x 0 =
f ' (x 0 ) ≠ 0 x 0 a6 /%* g f c 8‫א‬S&
‫ﺺ‬
y 0 a6 /%* g f −1 ‫אא‬#‫א‬OTU

' 1
( f −1 ) (y 0 ) = W #
f ' (x 0 )
I 3 2^ 0g<-4‫ (א‬f =

I 3 d‫^א‬#-5 f ′ /p‫ (א" א‬I 3 d‫א‬+6 /%* g f c 8‫א‬S&
f (I ) 3 d‫^א‬6 /%* g f −1 ‫אא‬#‫א‬OTU
'
∀x ∈ f (I ) ( f −1 ) (x ) = f '  f −11 (x ) W #
 
14

W‫א(אא‬81↖
I 3 2^ 0g<-4‫ (א‬f =

f ‫א‬#‫א‬KV-^nG C f −1 ‫אא‬#‫א‬
W‫(אא‬Q#‫א‬/0‫↖א‬
I 3 2^ 0g<-4‫ (א‬f =
‫ﻣ‬
oJ# oa f −1 f L‫א‬#O <‫א‬O*E,‫א‬
o,3‫א‬14,< O*) ,
‫ﻮل‬ W6I).↖

‫اﻟﺘ‬
( )
C f −1 ^n‫א‬ ( )
C f ^n‫א‬

A ' (b, a ) ∈ C f −1 ( ) A (a,b ) ∈ (C f )
‫ﻼ‬
/UP /+</ (, /+</

‫ﺧﻴ‬
y = a Wj( x = a Wj(
(, /+</ /UP /+</

x = b Wj( y = b Wj(
‫ﺺ‬
1 b
y = x + Wj( * /+</
a a * /+</
Wg*‫ =א‬g*0‫א (א‬##yo
y = ax + b Wj(
x = ay + b
Eq J14PF @ J+</ Eq J14PF @ J+</

/UP (,
Eq J14PF @ J+</ Eq J14PF @ J+</

(, /UP
15

(n ∈ *)n 1‫אא@?א‬+

4‫(א‬05K2 ?@‫ `א‬7‫א‬
W:1NH↖
n <-!‫=א‬Z;‫^(אא‬,-‫(א‬+</- + Û!‫ א‬x x n W‫א‬#‫א‬
n : + → +
n W! C!
x x n
‫ﻣ‬
∀ (x ; y ) ∈ 2+ n x = y ⇔ x = yn
WNHJ)
‫ﻮل‬
x = 2x •
x 3t‫א‬Z;‫^א‬, 3 x W(#‫א‬ •
WNH↖
( )
2
∀ (x ; y ) ∈ 2+ ∀ (m; n ) ∈ * ∀ (x ; y ) ∈ 2+ ∀n ∈ *
n x × n y = n x ×y
‫اﻟﺘ‬
n
xn = x
(n x )m = n x m (n x )n = x
nx x
=n (y ≠ 0) n x =ny ⇔x =y
ny y
‫ﻼ‬
n x >ny ⇔x >y
nmx = n×m x
W6I).
‫ﺧﻴ‬
x −y x −y
3 x −3y = x− y =
3
x ² + 3 x 3 y + 3 y² x+ y
W:‫ א‬0;↖
‫ﺺ‬
WD. f ‫א‬#‫א‬1!-,2 WD ,8U! f ‫א‬#‫א‬

D f = [0; +∞[ f (x ) = n x
D f = {x ∈ / x ∈ Du u (x ) ≥ 0} f (x ) = n u (x )
W=‫↖א‬
lim n u (x ) lim u (x )
x →x0 x →x0
ln l≥0
+∞ +∞
−∞ #P +∞ #P ‫ ^א‬x 0 #PL,‫ ^א‬x 0 # >^/<- "‫]א‬Z.
16

W41J‫↖א‬
+ ^4 x n x ‫א‬#‫א‬

I 3 2Û!‫ (א‬u =

I 3 d‫^א‬4 x n u (x ) ‫א‬#‫א‬OTU I 3 2^4<‫ (א‬u c 8‫א‬S&
WS7J‫↖א‬
I 3 2Û!‫ (א‬u =
]0;+∞[ 3 d‫^א‬6 /%* g x n x ‫א‬#‫א‬
I 3 2^6 /%* g 0g<‫ (א‬u c 8‫א‬S&
W #
‫ﻣ‬
I 3 d‫^א‬6 /%* g x n u (x ) ‫א‬#‫א‬OTU

1
u ′ (x ) ∀x ∈ ]0; +∞[ (n x )′ =
∀x ∈ I ( n u (x ) )′ = W # n x n n −1
‫ﻮل‬
n n [u (x )]n −1
(a ∈ ) x ∈ x n = a W+#‫א‬/)↖
DX(# n v(!U(# n
S = {−n a ; n a } S = {n a } a >0
S = {0} S = {0} a=0
S =∅ S = {−n a }
‫اﻟﺘ‬
a <0
W9TB Q77)+(?@‫ `א‬7‫↖א‬
p
q ∈ * p ∈ * WM$#K? Z‫(א‬# r = =
q
‫ﻼ‬
p
∀x ∈ ]0, +∞[ x = xq = xp
r q
WI).
‫ﺧﻴ‬
1
∀x ∈ ]0; +∞[ nx = xn •
(r ∈ *) f (x ) = [u (x )]r WD ,8U! x D//$KV f (#‫(א‬1!-,2 •
‫ﺺ‬
Df = {x ∈ / x ∈ Du u (x ) > 0} WD.
 1 ′ 1 1
(n u (x ) )′ = (u (x ))n  = × u ' (x ) × [u (x )]n −1 •
  n
* = r ′ r =!4+ *+ = y x =!4+
r'
x r × x r ' = x r +r ' • (x r ) = x r×r ' •
 r r
(x × y ) = x × y
r r r
•  x  = x r •
 y  y
 r  1
 x  = x r −r ′ • = x −r ' •
 x r ′  x r'
17

4‫(א‬05K2 +(‫א‬#‫א‬
W(Z‫א‬#‫–א‬8,‫א‬#‫↖א‬
@#. $
un +1 = q × un un +1 = un + r
1!-
q @‫א‬. q q @‫א‬. r
‫ﻣ‬
un = u p × q n −p un = u p + (n − p )r
‫א‬# ‫א‬
‫ﻮل‬
(p ≤ n ) (p ≤ n )
q n −p +1 − 1
u p + ... + un = u p ×    n −p +1 − 1 (#$:,2
 q − 1  u + ... + u = u × q 
p n p
 q − 1 
(q ≠ 1)
c b a
‫اﻟﺘ‬
b ² = a × c 2b = a + c (#$)*)

‫ﻼ‬
:* Y#‫א‬#‫ *–א‬#‫א‬#‫↖א‬
‫ﺧﻴ‬
(# (un )n ∈I =

M (# < (un )n ∈I ⇔ ∀n ∈ I un ≤ M •
m (# V4 (un )n ∈I ⇔ ∀n ∈ I un ≥ m •

‫ﺺ‬
(#7 (un )n ∈I ⇔ V4< (un )n ∈I •
W+(81↖
(# (un )n ∈I =

4g - (un )n ∈I ⇔ ∀n ∈ I un +1 ≤ un •
#‫א‬- (un )n ∈I ⇔ ∀n ∈ I un +1 ≥ un •
) (un )n ∈I ⇔ ∀n ∈ I un +1 = un •
18

W=↖
W α ∈ * Wa) (n α ) #‫=א‬
α<0 α>0
lim n α = 0 lim n α = +∞
n →+∞ n →+∞
Wq ∈ Wa) (q n ) (Z‫א‬#‫=א‬
‫ﻣ‬
q ≤ −1 −1 < q < 1 q =1 q >1
(q n ) ‫א‬
lim q n = 0 lim q n = 1 lim q n = +∞
‫ﻮل‬
" CG n →+∞ n →+∞ n →+∞
W^7‫א‬b+↖
/ D.<#‫א‬- +8 •
/ D.V44g - +8 •

‫اﻟﺘ‬

vn ≤ un ≤ wn 
un − l ≤ vn  
 ⇒ lim u = l lim vn = l  ⇒ lim un = l
‫ﻼ‬
lim vn = 0 n →∞ n n →+∞  n →∞

lim vn = l 
n →+∞
n →+∞ 
‫ﺧﻴ‬
un ≥ vn  un ≤ vn 
 
⇒ lim u = +∞ ⇒ lim u = −∞
lim vn = +∞ n →+∞ n lim vn = −∞ n →+∞ n
n →+∞  n →+∞ 
‫ﺺ‬
W un +1 = f (un ) ! ‫↖א‬
WD ,8U!‫( א‬un ) ‫א‬Y

u0 = a

un +1 = f (un )

I =‫!א‬4 a f (I ) ⊂ I Mf I 3 2^4‫ (א‬f M$
f (x ) = x W( ,+$ l " " OTU / (un ) c 8‫א‬S&

19

4‫(א‬05K2 Nc‫א‬4‫א(א‬
W4;D‫(א‬Nc‫א‬4‫↖א(א‬

W:1
I 3 2Û!(#‫ (א‬f =

I 3 d‫ ^א‬f ‫א‬#>P‫(א‬D. F OP3/
‫ﻣ‬
I 3 d‫^א‬6 /%* g F •
‫ﻮل‬
∀x ∈ I F ' (x ) = f (x ) •
WNH
3 d‫אא‬Z.^>P‫(א‬+</-3 2^4‫(א‬+8
I 3 2Û!(#‫ (א‬f =

‫اﻟﺘ‬
WOTU I 3 d‫ ^א‬f ‫א‬#>P‫ (א‬F c 8‫א‬S&
WD W I Û! f ‫א‬#>‫א‬3‫א‬#‫א‬Hz
x F (x ) + k (k ∈ )
‫ﻼ‬
I 3 2^>P‫(א‬+</-(#‫ (א‬f =

‫ﺧﻴ‬
» =‫!א‬4 y0 I =‫!א‬4 x 0 =

I 3 d‫ ^א‬f ‫א‬# F #$>P‫(א‬#-
‫ﺺ‬
F (x 0 ) = y0 WD#<‫!א‬p‫א‬e/y
WQ77)+(‫א‬+F‫@(א‬-E‫א‬+! 0dWNc‫א‬4‫↖א(א‬
WNH
//$‫(א‬# k I 3 2^LU!L(#L‫ (א‬g f =

WOTUD‫ ^אא‬I 3 d‫ ^א‬g f L‫א‬#L>PL‫(א‬G F c 8‫א‬S&
I 3 d‫ ^א‬f + g ‫א‬#>P‫ (א‬F + G •
I 3 d‫ ^א‬kf ‫א‬#>P‫ (א‬kF •
20

W+J‫א‬4‫<א(א‬Nc‫א‬4‫א(א‬4( ↖

f (x ) F (x )
a∈ ax + k
1
x x² + k
2
1 −1
+k
x² x
1
‫ﻣ‬
2 x +k
x
x r +1
(r ∈ » * − {-1}) r +k
‫ﻮل‬
x
r +1
sin x − cos x + k
cos x sin x + k
1
1 + tan ²x = tan x + k
cos ²x
1
‫اﻟﺘ‬
ln x + k
x
ex ex + k (k ∈ )
WNc‫א‬4‫<א(א‬8((%S7J‫א‬eN40‫↖א‬
‫ﻼ‬
f (x ) F (x )
u ' (x )
2 u (x ) + k
‫ﺧﻴ‬
u (x )
−v ' (x ) 1
+k
[v (x )] ² v (x )
[u (x )] r +1
‫ﺺ‬
(r ∈ » * − {-1}) u ' (x ) ×[u (x )] r

+k
r +1
u ' (x )
ln u (x ) + k
u (x )
( )
u ' (x ) ×eu x ( )
eu x + k
1
(a ≠ 0) cos (ax + b ) sin (ax + b ) + k
a
1
(a ≠ 0) sin (ax + b ) − cos (ax + b ) + k (k ∈ )
a
21

4‫(א‬05K2Q‫^א‬,‫א‬

W9TD‫א‬+/1↖

I 3 d‫ ^א‬f ‫א‬#>P‫ (א‬F I 3 2^4‫ (א‬f = W:1
I 3 d‫!==א‬4b a

WD// ‫(א‬#‫א‬.b k& a = f ‫א‬#‫א‬+ -
b
∫ f (x ) dx = [F (x )]ba = F (b ) − F (a )
a
‫ﻣ‬
WNH↖
W9f‫א‬
‫ﻮل‬
a b a
∫ f (x ) dx = −∫ f (x ) dx ∫ f (x ) dx = 0
b a a
b b b b b
∫ [ f (x ) + g (x )]dx = ∫ f (x )dx + ∫ g (x )dx (k ∈ ) ∫ kf (x ) dx = k ∫ f (x ) dx
a a a a a
W4T.
b c b
∫a f (x ) dx =
∫a f (x ) dx +
∫c f (x ) dx
‫اﻟﺘ‬
WB1C‫א‬/‫↖א‬
∀x ∈ [a,b ] f (x ) ≤ g (x ) WO 8‫א‬S& ∀x ∈ [a,b ] f (x ) ≥ 0 WO 8‫א‬S&
b b b
‫ﻼ‬
∫ f (x ) dx ≤ ∫ g (x ) dx WOTU ∫ f (x ) dx ≥ 0 WOTU
a a a
W9 #‫א‬07‫↖א‬
‫ﺧﻴ‬
[a,b ]3 2^4‫ (א‬f =

1 b
b − a ∫a
f (x ) dx WD// ‫(א‬#‫א‬D.3 d‫א^א‬#0@‫א‬,/‫א‬
WF‫ \א‬c8#‫↖א‬

‫ﺺ‬
I 3 d‫^א‬L4 v ′ u ′ L‫א‬#‫א‬Mf I 3 2^6 /%*L gL‫ (א‬v u =

I 3 d‫!==א‬4b a
b b
∫ u (x )v ′ (x )dx = [u (x ) v (x )]ba − ∫ u ′ (x )v (x )dx
a a
\))↖

(o, i, j ) # ok& ‫=א‬

j i L"|‫ א‬o 0/ (#‫א‬+0‫א‬$ D. u.A $ ‫א‬#$

1.u . A = i × j

22

[a,b ]3 2^L4L‫ (א‬g f = [a,b ]3 2^4‫ (א‬f =
7C g C f Ln‫א‬L 4‫א א‬$ +> U‫א‬7C f ^n‫א‬L 4‫א א‬$
W ,. ( =Z‫א‬L,/‫א‬+> U‫א‬ W ,. ( =Z‫א‬L,/‫א‬
WD. x = b x = a x = b x = a
 b   b 
 (x ) − g (x ) dx  ∫ f (x ) dx .u.A
 ∫a
f .u.A WD. WD.
  a 
WNHJ)
WD.o@!‫א‬aD|<‫א א‬$ $* DnA- o@
‫ﻣ‬
 b  < f
∫ f (x ) dx .u.A
‫ﻮل‬
 a  [a,b ]3 d‫^א‬

 b  < @ f
∫ −f (x ) dx .u.A

 a  [a,b ]3 d‫^א‬

< f •
‫اﻟﺘ‬
 c b  [a, c ] 3 d‫^א‬
∫ f (x ) dx + ∫ −f (x ) dx .u.A

 a c  < @ f •
[c,b ] 3 d‫^א‬
‫ﻼ‬

 b  (C g ) 6U# (C f )
∫ ( f (x ) − g (x )) dx .u.A
‫ﺧﻴ‬
 a  [a,b ]3 d‫^א‬

(C g ) 6U (C f ) •
 c b 

∫ ( f (x ) − g (x )) dx + ∫ (g (x ) − f (x ))dx .u.A [a, c ] 3 d‫^א‬
‫ﺺ‬
 a c 
(C f ) 6U (C g ) •
[c,b ] 3 d‫^א‬

:O)^)↖
73$ (C f ) ^n‫א‬O‫א‬# #‫א‬od‫א‬o|$
[a;b ]3 2a 8(+> U‫א‬
 b 
V =  ∫ π ( f (x ))²dx  u.v W.
 a 
| ‫א‬#$W uv
23

4‫(א‬05K20g ‫א‬4‫א(א‬

>‫א‬0g ‫↖א(אא‬

W:1
1
]0; +∞[ 3 d‫ ^א‬x ‫א‬#>‫אא‬#‫א‬D.vK<‫א‬o ?‫(אא‬
x
ln W! C! 1a#-r‫א‬
WNH ‫א‬
∀x ∈ ]0; +∞[ ∀y ∈ ]0; +∞[
‫ﻣ‬
ln 1 = 0 ln e = 1
ln (xy ) = ln x + ln y ∀x ∈ ]0; +∞[ ∀y ∈ ]0; +∞[
(r ∈ ) ln (x r ) = r ln x ln x = ln y ⇔ x = y
‫ﻮل‬
ln x > ln y ⇔ x > y
1
ln   = − ln x
x  ∀x ∈ ]0; +∞[ ∀y ∈
x 
ln   = ln x − ln y ln x = y ⇔ x = e y
 y 
∀x ∈ * ln (x n ) = n ln x WOTU X‫(א‬# n O 8‫א‬S&
‫اﻟﺘ‬
W:‫ א‬0;
WD. f ‫א‬#‫א‬1!-,2 WD ,8U! f ‫א‬#‫א‬
D f = {x ∈ / x ∈ Du ‫ و‬u (x ) > 0} f (x ) = ln [u (x )]
‫ﻼ‬
f (x ) = ln (u (x ))2 
D f = {x ∈ / x ∈ Du ‫ و‬u (x ) ≠ 0}  
f (x ) = ln u (x )
‫ﺧﻴ‬
WA=
ln x lim (ln x ) = +∞
lim n =0 x →+∞
x →+∞ x
lim (x n ln x ) = 0 lim (ln x ) = −∞

‫ﺺ‬
( n ∈ » *) x →0 x →0
> >
ln (x + 1) ln x
lim =1 lim =1
x →0 x x →1 x − 1
W41J‫א‬
]0; +∞[ 3 d‫^א‬4 x ln x ‫א‬#‫א‬

I 3 2Û!‫ (א‬u =

I 3 d‫^א‬4 x ln [u (x )] ‫א‬#‫א‬OTU I 3 2^4 0g< u c 8‫א‬S&
24

WS7J‫א‬
I 3 2Û!‫ (א‬u =
]0; +∞[ ^6 /%* g x ln x ‫א‬#‫א‬
I 3 2^6 /%* g 0g<‫ (א‬u c 8‫א‬S&
: #
I 3 d‫^א‬6 /%* g x ln [u (x )] ‫א‬#‫א‬WOTU

1
u ' (x ) ∀x ∈ ]0; +∞[ (ln x )′ =
∀x ∈ I (ln [u (x ) =
)]
'
W # x
u (x )
W ln *' WQ#‫א‬/0‫א‬
‫ﻣ‬
x 0 1 +∞
ln x - +
‫ﻮل‬
a ∈ » *+ − {1} Wa)a UhOg ‫↖א(אא‬
loga W! C!r‫אא‬#‫א‬D.a q @o ?‫אא‬#‫ א‬W:1
‫اﻟﺘ‬
ln x
∀x ∈ ]0; +∞[ loga (x ) = WM$
ln a
WNH ‫א‬
‫ﻼ‬
∀x ∈ ]0; +∞[ ∀y ∈ ]0; +∞[ loga 1 = 0
loga (xy ) = loga x + logay logaa = 1
‫ﺧﻴ‬
(r ∈ ) loga (x r ) = r loga x ∀x ∈ ]0; +∞[ ∀y ∈ ]0; +∞[ ∀r ∈
1 l oga x = l oga y ⇔ x = y

loga   = −loga x
x  l oga x = r ⇔ x = a r
x 
‫ﺺ‬
loga   = loga x − logay

 y 
:1&=
0 <a <1 a >1
loga x < logay ⇔ x < y loga x > logay ⇔ x > y
lim loga x = −∞ lim loga x = +∞
x →+∞ x →+∞
lim loga x = +∞ lim loga x = −∞
x →0+ x →0+
W7X#‫א‬
1
∀x ∈ ]0, +∞[ ( loga x ) ' =
x ln a
25

4‫(א‬05K2c‫א‬4‫א(א‬

>‫א‬0g ‫↖א(אא‬

W:1
K<‫א‬, ?‫אא‬#‫אא‬#‫א‬D.K<‫אא@א‬#‫א‬
exp W! C!
exp (x ) = e x = x +HB
WNH ‫א‬
‫ﻣ‬
∀x ∈ e x > 0
∀x ∈ ∀y ∈
∀x ∈ ln ( e x ) = x
e x ×ey = e x +y
‫ﻮل‬
(r ∈ ) (e x ) = erx
r ∀x ∈ ]0, +∞[ e ln x = x
1 ∀x ∈ ∀y ∈ ]0; +∞[
x =e
−x
e e x = y ⇔ x = ln y
ex x −y ∀ (x ; y ) ∈ ² e x = ey ⇔ x = y
y =e
e e x > ey ⇔ x > y
‫اﻟﺘ‬
W:‫ א‬0;
WD. f ‫א‬#‫א‬1!-,2 WD ,8U! f ‫א‬#‫א‬
Df = f (x ) = e
x
D f = {x ∈ / x ∈ Du } u (x )
‫ﻼ‬
f (x ) = e
WA=
lim e x = +∞
‫ﺧﻴ‬
x →+∞
lim e x = 0
x →−∞
 xe 
( n ∈ » *) lim  n  = +∞
‫ﺺ‬
x →+∞  x 
lim (x ne x ) = 0
x →−∞
ex − 1
lim =1
x →0 x
W41J‫א‬
^4 x e
x
‫א‬#‫א‬

I 3 2Û!‫ (א‬u =

I 3 d‫^א‬4 x e
u (x )
‫א‬#‫א‬OTU I 3 d‫^א‬4 u c 8‫א‬S&
26

WS7J‫א‬
∀x ∈ (ex )′ = ex W # ^6 /%* g x e

x
‫א‬#‫א‬
I 3 2Û!‫ (א‬u =

I 3 d‫^א‬6 /%* g x e
u (x )
‫א‬#‫א‬WOTU I 3 d‫^ א‬6 /%* g u c 8‫א‬S&
'
∀x ∈ I (eu x )
( )
= u ′ (x ) ×e
u (x )
W #
W ln ‫(א‬Q#‫א‬/0‫א‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮل‬

a ∈ ∗+ − {1} Wa) a Uhc‫↖א(אא‬
expa W! C! a q @@‫אא‬#‫^א‬,- loga ‫א‬#‫אא‬#‫א‬ W:1
‫اﻟﺘ‬
expa (x ) = a x = x +HB
WNH ‫א‬
∀ (x ; y ) ∈ 2 ∀x ∈ a x = e x ln a
‫ﻼ‬
a x × a y = a x +y loga (a x ) = x
(a x ) = a r x
r
(r ∈ ) ∀x ∈ ]0; +∞[ a loga (x )
=a
‫ﺧﻴ‬
1 −x ∀ (x ; y ) ∈ 2 a x = ay ⇔ x = y
x =a
a
ax x −y ∀x ∈ ∀y ∈ ]0; +∞[
y =a a = y ⇔ x = loga (y )
x
a
W1&=
‫ﺺ‬
0 <a <1 a >1

a < ay ⇔ x < y
x
a > ay ⇔ x > y
x
lim a x = 0 lim a x = +∞
x →+∞ x →+∞
x
lim a = +∞ lim a x = 0
x →−∞ x →−∞
x
a −1
lim = ln a
x →0 x
W7X#‫א‬
(a x )′ = (ln a ) ×a x
27

4‫(א‬05K2 (7‫א‬+‫(א‬c‫א‬
= {z = a + ib / (a;b ) ∈ ² i ² = −1} WD.#/‫א(א‬#‫א‬,2
Wi(7+(P@‫א‬8‫↖א‬
(a;b ) ∈ ² WM$ #/‫(א‬# z = a + ib =
z v#/‫(א‬#Y;‫^א א‬,- a + ib •
Re (z ) W! j! z (#D// ‫^א;א‬, a (#‫א‬ •
Im (z ) W! j! z (#D‫^א;א‬, b (#‫• א‬
D//$(#. z OTU Im (z ) = 0 WO 8‫א‬S& • WjNHj)
‫ﻣ‬
U!> ‫(א‬#^, z OTU Im (z ) ≠ 0 Re (z ) = 0 WO 8‫א‬S& •
WE(7+(i1↖
‫ﻮل‬
L#/=(# z ′ z =
z = z ′ ⇔ Re (z ) = Re (z ′) Im (z ) = Im (z ′)
Wi(7+(Q#‫א‬/0‫↖א‬

(o,e1,e2 ) oJ# ok& v#/‫=אא‬

(a;b ) ∈ ² WM$ #/‫(א‬# z = a + ib =

‫اﻟﺘ‬
M (a, b ) 0/ z v#/‫(א‬#‫! א‬
M (z ) Wt z (#‫^>א‬,- M 0/‫ א‬M 0/‫א‬e ^, z (#‫• א‬

z = Aff (OM ) POM (z ) WtOM "|‫א‬e Z8^, z (#‫• א‬
‫ﻼ‬

Wi(7+(bk‫↖א‬

(a;b ) ∈ ² WM$ #/‫(א‬# z = a + ib =
‫ﺧﻴ‬
z = a − ib Wv#/‫(א‬#‫א‬. z (#‫א‬eU‫!א‬
D// ‫א‬n,< O*) , M ′ (z ) M (z )

z + z ' = z + z ' •
‫ﺺ‬
D//$(# z ⇔ z = z •
z ×z ' = z ×z ' •
9!>D(# z ⇔ z = −z •
(n ∈ *) z n = z n •
z + z = 2 Re (z ) •
z − z = 2i Im (z ) 1 1
•   = •
z ' z '
zz = [Re (z )]² + [ Im (z )]² •
z  z
(z ' ≠ 0)   = •
z ' z'
Wi(7+(↖
(a;b ) ∈ ² WM$ #/‫(א‬# z = a + ib =
z = zz = a ² + b ² Wt‫א‬D// ‫(א‬#‫א‬. z v#/‫(א‬#‫ א‬
28

z ×z′ = z × z′ zn = z n (n ∈ * )
z = z −z = z
1 1 z z
= = (z ' ≠ 0)
z′ z′ z′ z′
W(>gi(7+(c‫א‬8‫א‬Q#‫א‬/X‫↖א‬

M j->#K? #/‫(א‬# z =
(e
1, OM ) W"‫ @ אאא‬g#$P θ . z v#/‫(א‬#‫א‬#,

arg z W! j!
‫ﻣ‬
arg z = θ [2π ] Wt
‫ﻮل‬
WNHJ) #K? #/‫(א‬# z =
#K? a D//$(#EE‫א א‬ arg z = θ [2π ] r = z HB
a <0 a >0
W. z v#/‫(א‬#DEE‫א‬+p‫• א‬
a = [−a, π ] a = [a, 0 ]
z = r (cos θ + i sin θ ) = [r , θ ]
 π  π
ai = −a, −  ai = a, +  z = reiθ WD. z v#/‫(א‬#@‫• א א‬
 2   2 

‫اﻟﺘ‬
reiθ × r ' eiθ ' = rr ' ei (θ +θ ') • [r , θ ] × [r ', θ '] = [rr '; θ + θ '] • arg (zz ') ≡ (arg z + arg z ') [2π ] •
reiθ = re−iθ • [r , θ ] = [r, −θ ] • arg z ≡ − arg z [2π ] •
−reiθ = re i(π +θ ) • −[r, θ ] = [r, π + θ ] • − arg z ≡ (π + arg z )[2π ] •
arg z n ≡ n arg z [2π ] •
( )
n
rei θ = r nein θ • [r , θ ]n = r n ; n θ  •
‫ﻼ‬
1
1 1 −iθ ' 1 1  arg ≡ − arg z [2π ] •
= e • =  ; −θ ' • z
r ' eiθ ' r' [r '; θ ']  r '  z
arg ≡ (arg z − arg z ') [2π ] •
iθ [r ; θ ] r 
‫ﺧﻴ‬
re r i (θ−θ ') =  ; θ − θ ' • z'

iθ '
= e • [r '; θ ']  r ' 
r 'e r'
‫
د‬z ⇔ arg z = k π •
π ∀k ∈ [r, θ + 2k π ] = [r, θ ]
( k ∈ ) ‫
د ف‬z ⇔ arg z = + kπ •
2
‫ﺺ‬
W>AYN↖ Wk‫ א‬YN↖

∀θ ∈
1 iθ
(
e + e −iθ ∀n ∈
cos θ =
2
)
sin θ =
1 iθ
2i
(
e − e−i θ )
(cos θ + i sin n θ )n = cos (n θ ) + i sin (n θ )
W (a ∈ ) a) z ∈ z ² = a +#‫א‬/)↖

W( ‫א‬3$,2 W( ‫א‬
S = {− a ; a } a>0
S = {0} a=0 z ∈ z² = a
S = {−i −a ; i −a } a <0
29

(a ≠ 0) 77)+‫(א‬Ac b a Wa) z ∈ az ² + bz + c = 0 W+#‫א‬/)↖
W( ‫א‬3$,2 W( ‫א‬
−b − ∆ −b + ∆ 
S =  ;  ∆>0
 2a 2a 
z ∈ az 2 + bz + c = 0
S=
−b
2a{ } ∆=0
(∆ = b2 − 4ac )
−b − i −∆ −b + i −∆ 
S =  ;  ∆<0
 2a 2a 
W(7‫א‬+‫(א‬c‫א‬%9(6O6&↖
‫ﻣ‬
#/‫א‬g*‫א‬ D@#C‫א"א‬
AB = z B − z A AB U ‫א‬
‫ﻮل‬
z + zB
zI = A [A; B ] 0/‫א‬14 I
2
 z − z A 
( ) ( )

AB; AC ≡ arg  c [2π ] AB ; AC ‫אא‬q g
 z B − z A 
zC − z A
∈ ,//C B A
zB − zA
z −z z −z z −z z −z
D A × D C ∈ P D A × B C ∈ ‫א‬#/ D C B A
‫اﻟﺘ‬
z B − z A z B − zC z B − z A z D − zC
D@#C‫א"א‬ #/‫א‬g*‫א‬
AM = r • z − zA = r
‫ﻼ‬
r " % A .8!r‫א!א‬#‫א‬k&D,- M • (r > 0)
AM = BM •
z − zA = z − zB
[AB ] @‫א‬k&D,- M •
‫ﺧﻴ‬
zC − z A  π
A a‫אא‬o gME ABC = r ; ± 

zB − zA 2 
zC − z A
A aLg ‫א‬v ME ABC = [1; θ ]
zB − zA
‫ﺺ‬
zC − z A  π
A a‫אא‬o gLg ‫א‬v ME ABC = 1; ± 

zB − zA  2 
zC − z A  π
:*A‫א‬v ME ABC = 1; ± 

zB − zA 3 
W+J‫א‬. %‫(<א‬7.l↖

W.v#/‫א‬jEx +n‫א‬

u "|‫א‬e b M$ z ′ = z + b u "|‫אא‬S t $‫א‬X{‫א‬
Ω 0/‫א‬e ω M$ z ′ − ω = k (z − ω ) k j< Ω ]8!vZ‫ א‬h D8 n‫א‬
Ω 0/‫א‬e ω M$ z ′ − ω = ei θ (z − ω ) θ j‫א‬X Ω ]8!vZ‫ א‬r O‫א‬#‫א‬
30

4‫(א‬05K2 "&‫א‬J+#‫א‬

‫ﻣ‬
WA ‫ (א‬, ‫א‬+ ‫א‬ WA ‫א (א‬
b
‫ﻮل‬
y (x ) = αeax − y ' = ay + b
a (a ≠ 0)
(α ∈ )
WA ‫ (א‬, ‫א‬+ ‫א‬ W+</-,‫א (א‬ W,‫ (" א‬ WA ‫א (א‬
‫اﻟ‬
y (x ) = αer1x + βer2x L//$L$
∆>0
(α, β ) ∈ ² WM$ r2 r1 L
y (x ) = (αx + β )erx
(α, β ) ∈ ² WM$
‫ﺘﻼ‬
r ‫א‬#$ //$*$
WL/U‫א‬QL#/L$
∆=0
r ² + ar + b = 0
(∆ = a ² − 4b )
y ''+ ay '+ by = 0
‫ﺧﻴ‬
y (x ) = (α cos qx + β sin qx )e px r1 = p − iq
∆<0
(α, β ) ∈ ² WM$
r2 = p + iq
‫ﺺ‬
31

4‫(א‬05K2 Mm&‫(א‬Z‫א‬

(o, i , j , k ) !% <oJ# ok& B‫אא=א‬Z.6 @a
Q=#‫א‬F‫א@(א‬J=OIJQ0‫א‬F‫א@(א‬W4%‫א‬Y‫↖א‬

ϑ3 =L"| v (a ',b ', c ') u (a,b, c ) =

u .v = aa '+ bb '+ cc ' •

u = a ² + b ² + c ² •
‫ﻣ‬

i a a'
b b' a a' a a'
u ∧ v = j b b ' =
‫ﻮل‬
i − j + k •
c c ' c c ' b b '
k c c'
Wk#‫↖א‬
WD. B A L0/L U ‫א‬
AB = (x B − x A ) ² + (yB − yA ) ² + (z B − z A ) ²
‫اﻟﺘ‬
WD. ax + by + cz + d = 0 j( (P ) = M 0/U ‫א‬
ax M + byM + cz M + d
d (M , (Ρ)) =
a ² + b² + c²
‫ﻼ‬

AM ∧ u
d (A, (∆)) = WD. ∆ (A, u ) o/= M 0/U ‫א‬
u
‫ﺧﻴ‬
W` +↖

(P ) ‫^א‬,"| n (a,b, c ) ⇔ (Ρ) : ax + by + cz + d = 0

(ABC ) ‫^א‬,"| AB ∧ AC OTU,/K?/ C B A c 8‫א‬S&
‫ﺺ‬
WD ‫~א‬U @5 (ABC ) ‫ (א‬##y=m

M ∈ (ABC ) ⇔ AM .(AB ∧ AC ) = 0
Wk+↖

WD. R " % Ω (a,b, c ) .8!U(
(x − a ) ² + (y − b ) ² + (z − c ) ² = R²

32

@5 .##y=m [AB ] . 0gP#$P (S ) U(

M ∈ (S ) ⇔ AM . BM = 0 WD ‫~א‬U
AB
" %[AB ] 14 Ω .8! (S ) ‫א‬W$*
2

(Ρ) : ax + by + cz + d = 0 ` S (Ω, R) knR71↖
(Ρ) ‫ ^א‬Ω 8!,v(,‫א‬/‫ א‬H =
d = ΩH = d (Ω; (Ρ)) WHB
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮل‬
‫اﻟﺘ‬
(S ) ‫א‬H0/ (P ) ‫ א‬
(C ) !‫(א‬eU (S ) q J (P ) ‫א‬ (S ) ‫( א‬P ) ‫א‬

H W .8! H 0/‫א‬a O h /5
r = R2 − d 2 W " %
‫ﻼ‬
W (∆) O7 S (Ω, R) knR71↖
‫ﺧﻴ‬
(∆) o/‫ ^א‬Ω 8!,v(,‫א‬/‫ א‬H =

d = ΩH = d (Ω; (∆)) WHB
‫ﺺ‬

(S ) ‫א‬H0/ (∆) o/‫א‬ (S ) q J (∆) o/‫א‬ (S ) ‫ )∆( א‬o/‫א‬
LL0/a H 0/‫א‬a O h /5
33

4‫(א‬05K2+‫א(א‬

W 0;QM↖
W:1
CardE W! j! E ,d‫( >!א‬#. E ",2D
Card∅ = 0 WNH)
WNH
‫ﻣ‬
O "O ,2 B A
Card (A ∪ B ) = CardA + CardB − Card (A ∩ B )
‫ﻮل‬
W 0;O0↖
W:1
E ",2=‫ א‬A =
A W! C!r‫א‬,d‫א‬D. E ,|,< A o,
A = {x ∈ E / x ∉ A} M$
‫اﻟﺘ‬
WI).
A∩A = ∅ •
A∪A = E •
‫ﻼ‬
cardA = cardE − cardA •
W+‫(א‬Qc‫א‬A(#‫↖א‬

‫ﺧﻴ‬
(p ∈ *) ‫ א\ א‬p "| t0- !}Y

8 n1 Fo3‫\ א‬5‫א‬O 8‫א‬S&
8 n2 FoD E‫\ א‬5‫א‬O 8
‫ﺺ‬
.........................................
8 n p Fo p \5‫א‬O 8
n1 × n2 × n3 × ... × n p W‫א‬#;‫א‬.,‫(א א‬#OTU
W‫א‬8j(81C‫א‬- ‫א‬81C‫↖א‬
W‫א‬81C‫א‬
(p ≤ n ) » * ==!4 p n =
n p W.!4 n L =!4 p 3‫< !א‬-Q‫(א‬#
34

W‫א‬8j(81C‫א‬
(p ≤ n ) » * ==!4 p n =
W.!4 n L =!4 p 3‫!א‬-O# <-Q‫(א‬#
Anp = n × (n − 1) × (n − 2) × ... × (n − p + 1)

+‫ =אא‬p

WNH)
‫ﻣ‬
!4 n 3#<-Z8^,-!4 n L =!4 n 3‫!א‬-O# <-!-+8
n ! = n × (n − 1) × (n − 2) × ... × 2 × 1 W .(#
‫ﻮل‬
W&[‫↖א‬
n .!> (#",2 E =
(p ≤ n ) p ]!> (# E = A +8
!4 n L =!4 p 3l-^,
Anp
‫اﻟﺘ‬
C np = W. l‫]א‬Z.(#
p!
C np Anp n ! W+‫(א‬c‫↖א‬
n ∈ ∗
‫ﻼ‬
n ! = n × (n − 1) × (n − 2) × ... × 2 × 1
0! = 1
n! n!
Anp = C np =
‫ﺧﻴ‬
(n − p ) ! p ! (n − p ) !
n −1
Cn = n 0
Cn = 1 1
Cn = n C nn = 1
C np−1 + C np = C np+1 C np = C nn −p
‫ﺺ‬
WB%‫ א!א‬A<8↖

(p ≤ n ) !4 n L =!4 p tn
WD ‫א‬3#;‫א‬a ‫ א‬
t-Q‫א‬ W.,‫< א‬n‫(א‬# Wtn‫א‬:
o"K? C np D
o" np 3*$T H
o" Anp 3*$&O# H
35

4‫(א‬05K2J0)J‫א‬

%9↖
W] WD ,$5‫א‬i04‫א‬
|=!E8P+</- !}+8 ‫א‬p !}
‫א‬p !|,‫א{ א‬,2D. {‫א‬O8 Ω
Ω {‫א‬O8=‫ א‬A A #$
‫א‬#$‫!א‬4=,B#$+8 D‫א‬# ‫א‬#$
‫ﻣ‬
#$‫א‬Oa B A O )# ‫א‬e/y‫א‬S& A ∩ B # ‫א‬e/y
,.P B P A e/y‫א‬S& A ∪ B # ‫א‬e/y
‫ﻮل‬
(A ∩ A = ∅‫و‬A ∪ A = Ω) A # ‫א‬. A #n( B‫א‬# ‫א‬
A∩B = ∅ L,|K?O )#$ B A
Wo()40)‫א‬Jo()‫א‬7‫↖א‬
‫א‬p !} &O8 Ω = W:1
pi W. {ωi } # ‫א‬3 ,$‫א‬OP3/ pi j,ga {ωi } D‫א‬# ‫א‬#$3 ,$‫!א‬/ # •
‫اﻟﺘ‬
P ({ωi }) = pi Wt
# ‫אא‬Z.O-r‫אא‬# 5‫א‬5 ,$5‫א‬:,2.#$3 ,$‫• א‬
W. A # ‫א‬3 ,$‫א‬OTU Ω = )#$ A = {ω1; ω2 ; ω3 ;...; ωn } O 8‫א‬S&vP
‫ﻼ‬
p (A) = p (ω1 ) + p (ω2 ) + p (ω3 ) + ... + p (ωn )
‫א‬p !} &O8 Ω = WNH

‫ﺧﻴ‬
p (Ω) = 1 p (∅) = 0 •

Ω = A #$+ 0 ≤ p (A) ≤ 1 •
WL)#$( y‫א‬3 ,$‫• א‬
Ω = B A L)#$+
‫ﺺ‬
p (A ∪ B ) = p (A) + p (B ) − p (A ∩ B )
L,|K? B A O 8‫א‬S& p (A ∪ B ) = p (A) + p (B )
W( B‫א‬# ‫א‬3 ,$‫• א‬
p (A) = 1 − p (A) W Ω = A #$+
WJ0)J‫א‬i1"k↖
Ω " &O8‫א‬p !}a3 ,$5‫א א‬# 5‫אא‬#$‫א‬Hzc 8‫א‬S& W:1
p (A) =
cardA
W. Ω = A #$+83 ,$‫א‬OTU
card Ω
36

WE-().7‫א‬JQRX‫א‬40)J‫↖א‬
p (A) ≠ 0 WMf‫א‬p‫א|! א‬G L0<-!L)#$ B A = W:1
p (A ∩ B )
p (B ) = p (B A) = W(#‫א‬.e/7 A # ‫א‬OP , B #$3 ,$‫א‬
A p (A)
p (A) × p (B ) ≠ 0 WMf‫א‬p‫א|! א‬G L0<-! B A L)#$+ W
p (A ∩ B ) = p (A) × p (B A) = p (B ) × p (A B ) W #
‫א‬p‫א|! א‬G L0<-! B A L)#$+ W:1

O*/O )#$ B A ⇔ p (A ∩ B ) = p (A) × p (B )
‫ﻣ‬
Ω 3 } Ω2 Ω1 ‫א‬p !} &O8 Ω = WNH
‫ﻮل‬
(Ω1 ∩ Ω2 = ∅ Ω1 ∪ Ω2 = Ω)
( ) ( )
p (A) = p (Ω1 ) × p A Ω + p (Ω2 ) × p A Ω W Ω = A #$+
1 2
W*#‫אא‬HJ‫↖א‬
p j ,$‫אא‬p !}a )#$ A =
W.<B ! k , A # ‫א‬e/y3 ,$‫א‬O U! n !|‫]א‬Z.#P‫א‬S&
‫اﻟﺘ‬
(k ≤ n ) C nk (p )k (1 − p )n −k
WQM‫ א‬X>Y40)‫א‬j T↖
‫א‬p !} &O8 Ω ^ ‫א‬p‫א‬KV=
‫ﻼ‬
WL ‫א‬L$!‫א‬H< X D‫א‬p‫א‬KV‫א‬3 ,$‫א‬O g##n
X KV‫ א‬.Z\lr‫א‬o/‫א‬,2W X (Ω) = {x1; x 2; x 3 ;...; x n } ##y •
‫ﺧﻴ‬
{1;2;...;n } ,d‫ =א‬i + p (X = x i ) 3 ,$5‫א‬tw •

WQM‫ א‬X>Y#ip‫א‬9‫א]א‬qJ‫א‬J*Y#‫א‬JQ"‫א‬/c‫↖א‬
xi x1 x 2 x 3 ... x n j g ‫א‬p‫א‬KV X =
p (X = x i ) p1 p2 p3 ... pn WD ‫א‬3#; 9!
‫ﺺ‬
E (X ) = x1 × p1 + x 2 × p2 + x 3 × p3 + ... + x n × pn W X KV,DA !‫א‬+‫א‬ W:1

V (X ) = E (X ²) − [E (X )] ² W X KV,! V‫א‬
σ (X ) = V (X ) W X KV,vX‫!א‬0‫א‬9‫!א‬w5‫א‬
WQ‫(א‬,‫א‬j 7‫↖א‬
! n !|‫]א‬Z.#{‫א‬p !}a A #$3 ,$‫ א‬p =
p n ] 0@ ‫א‬#$ X-^, A # ‫" א‬Ue/nr‫(א!אא‬# |+8 !vZ‫ א‬X D‫א‬p‫א‬KV‫א‬
∀k ∈ {0;1;2;...; n } p (X = k ) = C nk × pk × (1 − p )n −k #
V (X ) = np (1 − p ) E (X ) = n × p

37

4‫(א‬05K2(>

?1)Q#‫^א‬,‫א‬

W#‫*א‬M‫א(א‬+J‫א‬O7‫א‬4( ↖
π π π π
x 0 6 4 3 2
‫ﻣ‬
1 2 3
sin x 0 1
2 2 2
1
‫ﻮل‬
3 2
cosx 1 0
2 2 2
3
tan x 0 1 3
3
‫اﻟﺘ‬
W#‫א‬B‫א‬E8T.‫↖א‬
‫ﻼ‬
π π
−x π − x π +x 2
−x
2
+x
‫ﺧﻴ‬
sin - sin x sin x - sin x cos x cos x

cos cos x - cos x - cos x sin x − sin x
‫ﺺ‬
cos (x + 2k π ) = cos x sin x -1 ≤ cos x ≤ 1

tan x =
sin (x + 2k π ) = sin x cos x -1 ≤ sin x ≤ 1
1
tan (x + k π ) = tan x 1 + tan ²x = cos ²x + sin ²x = 1
cos ²x
WAJ+↖
cos x = cos a ⇔ x = a + 2k π P x = -a + 2k π
sin x = sin a ⇔ x = a + 2k π P x = (π - a ) + 2k π
tan x = tan a ⇔ x = a + k π ( k ∈ )
38

W! 0;/ _eN↖
cos (a - b ) = cos a × cos b + sin a × sin b cos (a + b ) = cos a × cos b - sin a × sin b
sin (a - b ) = sin a × cos b - cos a × sin b sin (a + b ) = sin a × cos b + cos a × sin b
tan a - tan b tan a + tan b
tan (a - b ) = tan (a + b ) =
1 + tan a × tan b 1 - tan a × tan b
WLM↖
t = tan
a
WHA cos 2a = cos ² a - sin ² a
2
‫ﻣ‬
= 2 cos ² a - 1
2t = 1 - 2 sin ² a
sin a =
1 + t²
‫ﻮل‬
sin 2a = 2 sin a × cos a
1 - t²
cos a = 2 tan a
1 + t² tan 2a =
2t 1 - tan ² a
tan a = 1 + cos 2a
1 - t² cos ² a =
2
1 - cos 2a
sin ² a =
‫اﻟﺘ‬
2
WF‫ (א‬r'! 0;/ _↖W! 0;r'F‫ (א‬/ _↖

 p + q   p − q  1
cos p + cos q = 2 cos   cos 
 2 
cos a × cos b = [ cos (a + b ) + cos (a - b )]
‫ﻼ‬
 2  2
 p + q   p − q  1
sin a × sin b = − [ cos (a + b ) − cos (a − b )]
cos p − cos q = −2 sin  sin 
 2   2  2
‫ﺧﻴ‬
 p + q   p − q  1
sin p + sin q = 2 sin  cos  sin a × cos b = [ sin (a + b ) − sin (a − b )]
 2    2  2
 p + q   p − q  1
sin p − sin q = 2 cos  sin  cos a × sin b = [ sin (a + b ) - sin (a − b )]
 2   2  2
‫ﺺ‬
(a,b ) ≠ (0,0) a cos x + b sin x W/ _↖

 a b 
a cos x + b sin x = a ² + b ²  cos x + sin x 
 a ² + b ² a ² + b² 
= a ² + b ² cos (x − α)
We/D//$(# α M$
a b
cos α = sin α =
a ² + b² a ² + b²
39

Untitled

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Untitled

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﺷﻲ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻮل اﻟﺘﻼﺧﯿﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮﻛﻞ‬

‫ א   א  א‬

‫  ‪$%

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﺷﻲ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻮل اﻟﺘﻼﺧﯿﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮﻛﻞ‬

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﺷﻲ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻮل اﻟﺘﻼﺧﯿﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮﻛﻞ‬

‫‪24‬‬ ‫א‪ #‬א‪3‬א? ‪ ,‬‬

‫‪28‬‬ ‫א‪#‬א(א‪ #/‬‬

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﺷﻲ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻮل اﻟﺘﻼﺧﯿﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮﻛﻞ‬

(a ≠ 0) ax ² + bx + c W+(,‫ א‬-.- /01  *'↖

(a ≠ 0) x∈ ax ² + bx + c = 0 W( ‫א‬D$ x 2 x1 O 8‫א‬S&

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﺷﻲ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻮل اﻟﺘﻼﺧﯿﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮﻛﻞ‬

L( #$Q P =

WD. f ‫א‬#‫א‬1!-,2 WD WU! x D//$KV(#‫ (א‬f

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﺷﻲ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻮل اﻟﺘﻼﺧﯿﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮﻛﻞ‬

4‫( א‬05 K2 (>

W=18 7  x x  (n ∈ *)x x n 4‫↖= א(א‬

WOTU (!U‫(א‬# n O 8‫א‬S& WOTU  X‫(א‬# n O 8‫א‬S&

W −∞ ( A +∞ ( ?@‫ א‬4‫  א(א‬+(,‫ א‬4‫↖= א(א‬

W#‫ א‬4‫↖= א(א‬

1 − cos x 1 tan x sin x

lim = lim =1 lim =1

x u (x ) W! ‫  א‬4‫↖= א(א‬

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﺷﻲ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻮل اﻟﺘﻼﺧﯿﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮﻛﻞ‬

W=‫ א‬D 0‫↖א‬

lim f (x ) l l<0 l>0 −∞ −∞ +∞ 0

WE‫א‬+ GH =

lim f (x ) l l l<0 l>0 −∞ +∞ 0 ±∞

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﺷﻲ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻮل اﻟﺘﻼﺧﯿﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮﻛﻞ‬

W‫ א‬D 41J‫ – א‬E0‫ א‬D 41J‫א‬

x 0 a4 f ⇔ x 0 a ‫ ^א‬L,‫^א‬4 f

− {π2 + k π / k ∈ } "!-,2^4 x tan x ‫א‬#‫א‬ •

I 3 2^ 0g<- 4‫ (א‬f =WNH J)

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﺷﻲ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻮل اﻟﺘﻼﺧﯿﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮﻛﻞ‬

f (a ) × f (b ) < 0 [a,b ] 3 2^4 f c 8‫א‬S& W

f (a ) × f (b ) < 0 [a,b ] 3 2^ 0g<- 4‫ (א‬f c 8‫א‬S&

f (a ) × f (b ) < 0 WMf [a,b ] 3 2^ 0g<- 4‫ (א‬f =

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﺷﻲ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻮل اﻟﺘﻼﺧﯿﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮﻛﻞ‬

4‫( א‬05 K2 S7J‫א‬

x 0 a4O- f OTU x 0 (#a6 /%* g f ‫(א‬c 8‫א‬S&

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﺷﻲ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻮل اﻟﺘﻼﺧﯿﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮﻛﻞ‬

(un )′ = nu ′.u n −1 (uv )′ = u ′v + uv ′

WQ(Z‫ א‬/[‫  א‬S7J‫↖א‬

A (x 0 ; f (x 0 )) 0/‫א‬a ‫^א‬q J14 f (x ) − f (x 0 )

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﺷﻲ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻮل اﻟﺘﻼﺧﯿﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮﻛﻞ‬

W]9J‫ א‬97 - ^(%‫ – א‬7‫↖א‬

#O 8‫א‬S&3 2^ #7‫^(א‬nO

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﺷﻲ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻮل اﻟﺘﻼﺧﯿﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮﻛﻞ‬

o/‫א‬j. }‫א‬ j. }‫א‬ j. }‫א‬

∞ ‫א‬u ∞ ‫א‬u ∞ ‫א‬u

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﺷﻲ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻮل اﻟﺘﻼﺧﯿﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮﻛﻞ‬

I 3 2^ 0g<- 4‫ (א‬f c 8‫א‬S& WNH ↖

I 3 2^ 0g<- 4‫ (א‬f =

y 0 a6 /%* g f −1 ‫אא‬#‫א‬OTU

I 3 2^ 0g<- 4‫ (א‬f =

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﺷﻲ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻮل اﻟﺘﻼﺧﯿﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮﻛﻞ‬

W‫ א(א א‬81↖

I 3 2^ 0g<- 4‫ (א‬f =

W‫ (א א‬Q #‫ א‬/0‫↖א‬

I 3 2^ 0g<- 4‫ (א‬f =

‫ﻮل‬ W6 I).↖

‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﺷﻲ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻮل اﻟﺘﻼﺧﯿﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮﻛﻞ‬

(n ∈ *)n 1‫א א@?  א‬+

WD. f ‫א‬#‫א‬1!-,2 WD ,8U! f ‫א‬#‫א‬

‫א א א‬

‫ ‪$%

‫‪24‬‬ ‫א‪#‬א‪3‬א? ‪ ,‬‬

‫‪28‬‬ ‫א‪#‬א(א‪ #/‬‬

(a ≠ 0) ax ² + bx + c W+(,‫א‬-.-/01*'↖

(a ≠ 0) x∈ ax ² + bx + c = 0 W( ‫א‬D$ x 2 x1 O 8‫א‬S&

L(#$Q P =

WD. f ‫א‬#‫א‬1!-,2 WD WU! x D//$KV(#‫ (א‬f

4‫(א‬05K2 (>

W=18 7 x x (n ∈ *)x x n 4‫↖=א(א‬

WOTU (!U‫(א‬# n O 8‫א‬S& WOTU X‫(א‬# n O 8‫א‬S&

W −∞ (A +∞ (?@‫א‬4‫א(א‬+(,‫א‬4‫↖=א(א‬

W#‫א‬4‫↖=א(א‬

x u (x ) W! ‫א‬4‫↖=א(א‬

W=‫א‬D0‫↖א‬

WE‫א‬+GH=

W‫א‬D41J‫–א‬E0‫א‬D41J‫א‬

x 0 a4 f ⇔ x 0 a ‫^א‬L,‫^א‬4 f

− {π2 + k π / k ∈ } "!-,2^4 x tan x ‫א‬#‫א‬ •

I 3 2^ 0g<-4‫ (א‬f =WNHJ)

f (a ) × f (b ) < 0 [a,b ] 3 2^4 f c 8‫א‬S& W

f (a ) × f (b ) < 0 [a,b ] 3 2^ 0g<-4‫ (א‬f c 8‫א‬S&

f (a ) × f (b ) < 0 WMf [a,b ] 3 2^ 0g<-4‫ (א‬f =

4‫(א‬05K2 S7J‫א‬

x 0 a4O- f OTU x 0 (#a6 /%* g f ‫(א‬c 8‫א‬S&

WQ(Z‫א‬/[‫א‬S7J‫↖א‬

A (x 0 ; f (x 0 )) 0/‫א‬a ‫^א‬q J14 f (x ) − f (x 0 )

W]9J‫א‬97-^(%‫–א‬7‫↖א‬

#O 8‫א‬S&3 2^ #7‫^(א‬nO

o/‫א‬j. }‫א‬ j. }‫א‬ j. }‫א‬

∞ ‫א‬u ∞ ‫א‬u ∞ ‫א‬u

I 3 2^ 0g<-4‫ (א‬f c 8‫א‬S& WNH↖

I 3 2^ 0g<-4‫ (א‬f =

y 0 a6 /%* g f −1 ‫אא‬#‫א‬OTU

I 3 2^ 0g<-4‫ (א‬f =

W‫א(אא‬81↖

I 3 2^ 0g<-4‫ (א‬f =

W‫(אא‬Q#‫א‬/0‫↖א‬

I 3 2^ 0g<-4‫ (א‬f =

‫ﻮل‬ W6I).↖

(n ∈ *)n 1‫אא@?א‬+

WD. f ‫א‬#‫א‬1!-,2 WD ,8U! f ‫א‬#‫א‬

I 3 2^U!‫ (א‬u =

4‫(א‬05K2 +(‫א‬#‫א‬

W(Z‫א‬#‫–א‬8,‫א‬#‫↖א‬

@#. $

(# (un )n ∈I =

m (# V4 (un )n ∈I ⇔ ∀n ∈ I un ≥ m •

(#7 (un )n ∈I ⇔ V4< (un )n ∈I •

W+(81↖

(# (un )n ∈I =

Wq ∈ Wa) (q n ) (Z‫א‬#‫=א‬

/ D.<#‫א‬- +8 •

/ D.V44g - +8 •

WD ,8U!‫( א‬un ) ‫א‬Y

4‫(א‬05K2 Nc‫א‬4‫א(א‬

W4;D‫(א‬Nc‫א‬4‫↖א(א‬

I 3 2^U!(#‫ (א‬f =

I 3 2^U!(#‫ (א‬f =

I 3 2^>P‫(א‬+</-(#‫ (א‬f =

» =‫!א‬4 y0 I =‫!א‬4 x 0 =

//$‫(א‬# k I 3 2^LU!L(#L‫ (א‬g f =

I 3 d‫ ^א‬kf ‫א‬#>P‫ (א‬kF •

W+J‫א‬4‫<א(א‬Nc‫א‬4‫א(א‬4( ↖

4‫(א‬05K2Q‫^א‬,‫א‬

W9TD‫א‬+/1↖

[a,b ]3 2^4‫ (א‬f =

WF‫ \א‬c8#‫↖א‬

I 3 d‫^א‬L4 v ′ u ′ L‫א‬#‫א‬Mf I 3 2^6 /%*L gL‫ (א‬v u =

 a  [a,b ]3 d‫^א‬

4‫(א‬05K20g ‫א‬4‫א(א‬

>‫א‬0g ‫↖א(אא‬

I 3 2^U!‫ (א‬u =

W ln *' WQ#‫א‬/0‫א‬

(r ∈ ) loga (x r ) = r loga x ∀x ∈ ]0; +∞[ ∀y ∈ ]0; +∞[ ∀r ∈

>‫א‬0g ‫↖א(אא‬

I 3 2^U!‫ (א‬u =

∀x ∈ (ex )′ = ex W # ^6 /%* g x e

I 3 2^U!‫ (א‬u =

(a;b ) ∈ ² WM$ #/‫(א‬# z = a + ib =