F&G SYSTEM

Fire and gas system very important in gas plant, oil plant, onshore, offshore,
petrochemical plant, refinery and etc

Fire and gas sys is monitor the complete plant by use of safety.

Type of fire

Four types of fire is class-A, class-B, class-C and class-D

Class-A fire

Class A fire is paper, wood, cloth, rubber, plastic this type of material fire.
That is call class-A fire. Water is best solution for stop fire.

Class-B fire

If any electrical equipment fire that is call class-B fire. Do not use water for
stop fire. Use only following CO2 sys or FM200 or Inergen or DCP.

Class-C fire

If any oil or gas or chemical liquid fire that is call class-C fire. Do not use
water for stop fire. Use the following method only. DCP (dry chemical power) or
Foam system it will stop fire.

Class-D fire

Potassium, sodium, magnesium this type of chemical is fire. That is call class-
D fire. Do not use the above technique for class –D fire. Only use special
technique for particular chemical.

Understand about types F&G sys

1. Smoke detector 2. Flame detector 3.Heat detector 4. Gas detector
5. Control sys 6. Sprinkler sys 7. Control sys (FACP)
8. MCP or MAC (manual alarm call point) 9. PA –sys 10. PAGE sys
11. CCTV sys 12. Inergen sys 13. Vesda sys 14. LHD (linear heat
detector)
I explain one by one sys below

1. Smoke detector.
Smoke detector is install indoor purpose only. It will use to monitoring the
substation, control room, computer room, electrical room, office and etc. It
will install only inside the room. If any smokes come to the area, the smoke
detector will give signal to FACP panel. It will give alarm to the location.

Type of smoke detector depending working principle

(A) Optical smoke detector (b) Ionisation smoke detector

Type of smoke detector depending function

(a)Addressable type (b) Non- addressable
Optical smoke detector is working in optical principal. It will install the ceiling.
Ionisation smoke detector is working in ionisation principle. It will install above
ceiling and below falls floor.

2. Flame detector.
Flame detector is use to monitor the flammable area. It will install the maximum
flammable area. Inside the transformer room, generator room, inside the plant
and etc. types of dete. (a) IR-Infra Red
(b) UV-Ultra Violet.
3. Heat detector
Heat dete is installing in maximum flammable area. Two type of detector
available one is indoor type another one is outdoor type. Tea room, kitchen room,
transformer room, generator room, compressor pump, inside the plant maximum
flammable area, near the oil or chemical or gas storage tank or drum. Manuf
name is FELWEL, Detronic.

4. Gas detector
Hydrocarbon gas means mixer of hydrogen gas with carbon. Example of
hydrocarbon gas is methane, propane, butane, and pentane. Like L.P.G) it is
very important in gas plant and oil plant. Different types of hydrocarbon gas
detector available. It is use to monitor the gas leakage area. It will install near
the maximum gas leakage area like storage tank, compress room, blower or
compressor pump, this gas is easily fire (flame, combustion). If the gas leaked,
the plant will trip. It has two level of LEL. One is high level and another level is
high-high level.

Hi-level: hi level is 20%LEL

Hi-Hi level: Hi-Hi level is 50% LEL.
LEL- lower flammable level

Two types of hydrocarbon detector

(1) catalic type detector
It is working in chemical reaction principle. Manufacture name is Notifiar.
(2) IR type detectors
It is working in Infra red scanning principle. Manuf name is Detronic.

5. Control sys
Control system is use to prevent the fire. Means stop the fire.
If any real fires come, automatic or manual relies the CO2, inergen and FM200.
It store in cylinder. This type of Inergen, CO2 and FM200 system is mostly used
for substation, electrical room, computer room and machinery room to prevent
fire. This system will call suppression sys.

6. Sprinkler sys
This system is used for stop the fire. This sys is used for warehouse, storage
room. If the temperature is reach 79c-96c degree the sprinkler glass will break.
Then the water will spray the fire area.
Pressurised water will stay in the pipe line. If the pressure if reduce 1bar shorten
time. Fire water pump will start. Water pressure will maintain by jacke pump.

7. Control sys (FACP)

FACP- fire alarm control panel it is control all F&G sys. All detectors are
connecting to FACP. If any fire or smoke or gas leakage come corresponding
device is give the signal to FACP. It will take necessary action like generate siren
alarm, relies CO2 or FM200 for stop fire.
Ex: Detronic fire panel, Notifier Gas panel, FENWEL suppression control panel

8. MCP or MAC (manual alarm call point)

Alarm call points is used for give attention for people to escape from
The area if any fire, breaks the glass the alarm will come or realise CO2 or
FM200.

9. PA –sys
It is public address system. It is used to give announcement for people for
attention purpose.

10. PAGE sys

This is also like PA system. But it is two way communications like telephone.

11. CCTV sys - It is used for monitor the total plant and security system.
12. Inergen sys

Inergen is a mixture of nitrogen, argon, & carbon dioxide, and has been specially
developed to provide fire protection for sensitive electrical and electronics
instrument and equipment,
(Nitrogen 52%, Argon 40%, Co2 8%)

How does Inergen work?

Inergen extinguishes fire by reducing the oxygen level in room to below 15% the
point at which most combustible less will no longer burn.
Its offer excellent & equipment by providing a safe, clean & efficient fire
supervision agent the agent works by lowering oxygen content within the
protected environmental to a level below that witch combustion can take place.

13. VESDA SYS

Vesda is a laser based smoke detector, vesda having 4 alarms level, vesda
detect fire before burning stent, vesda only smoke connected with fire.

14. LHD Cable sys

LHD sensor consist of a sensing element which respond to a specific temp. At any
point along there length. The inner conductors are coated with a polymer that the
melts at a predetermined temp. Which allow the conductors to make contact with
one another and there by signal and alarm condition

What is Maximo?
Computerised maintenance management system, to maintain the historical log
and perform the auto generation of PM and CM activity.

What we are using for fire protection?

*Deluge system *Inergen system *DCP *Co2 *foam *Sprinkler system

H2S GAS Detector

This detector use for detecting presence of H 2S gas Electrochemical sensor are
used for this purpose (MOS) metal oxide semi-conductor sensor also use

HYDRO Carbon Gas Detector

Hc detector use for detecting the presence of combustible gases. The detector are
similar to H2s and catalytic sensor are used for Hydrocarbon detector and also
IR sensor (infra-red) sensor

Explain the Chemistry of fire?

Fire is chemical reaction between flammable or combustible substance and
oxygen. It is a rapid oxidation with the evolution of light and heat.

Difference between fire & flame?

Flame is the visible part of fire, fire is rapid oxidation of material caused by
combustion, Flame are actually hot glowing gases, the color of flame is
dependent upon the material burning the temp. Of fire, fire can be controlled as
in a gas stove, or uncontrolled as in flagrance,

UV & IR FLAME DIFFENATION

Ultraviolet detector (UV) work with wave length shoter than 300nm (nano
metter) the dete. Detect fire & explosion within3-4 mill second due to the UV
radiation emitted at the instant of their ignition. False alarm can be trigger by UV
source such as a lighting, Arc welding, radiation, and sun light
IR flame detec. Compare the threshold signal in two infrared range in this case on
sensor look at the 4.4 micrometre range the other sensor at a reference
frequently