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ILOCOS SUR POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE GRADUATE SCHOOL

Tagudin, Ilocos Sur
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GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER

CHICKENS (Gallus gallus domesticus) FED WITH
ALTERNATIVE ORGANIC FEEDS

JES ALBREN L. LLANES

ILOCOS SUR POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE

TAGUDIN, ILOCOS SUR
GRADUATE SCHOOL

MASTER OF SCIENCE EDUCATION

MAJOR IN GENERAL SCIENCE

APRIL 2022
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ILOCOS SUR POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE GRADUATE SCHOOL

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APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled, “GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS

CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKENS (Gallus gallus domesticus)
FED WITH ALTERNATIVE ORGANIC FEEDS”, conducted and submitted by
JES ALREN L. LLANES, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
Degree of Master of Science in Education Major in General Science has been
examined and passed by the Thesis Review Committee on April, 2022
composed of:

DANIEL JUAN B. RAMIREZ, Ph.D.

Adviser

SHIRLEY P. PALMA, Ph.D. ALBERT H. LAS MARIAS III, MASE

Member Member

ENGR. JACQUELINE G. GUMALLAOI ROMEO M. CORTEZ, Ph.D.

Statistician External Expert

Gilbert R. Arce, Ed.D.

Chairman

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Arts in Education major in General Science.

TESSIE L. DELA CRUZ, Ph.D.

Dean, Graduate School

Gilbert R. Arce, Ed.D.

SUC President III

OLGA S. TRESMANIO, Ph.D.

Graduate School Secretary
Contribution No. ___________
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Date: ______________________

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

The researcher belongs to a “family of teachers”. Indeed, it was like a

force of attraction pulling him to become a future educator. His journey
started at Becques Community School where he was molded by his very
strategic and well- rounded teachers. He was amazed by how his teachers
handled different situation inside the classroom and with that he strived
harder to reach his goal. It was not his dream to become a teacher back
then but because of the environment he has, we became interested to teach.
However, there was a time when he was in the 6 th grade when he felt that he
was incapable of becoming a teacher because of his former teacher. The
scenario was when he was unable to answer a question thrown by his
teacher he was scolded by his classmates. His self-steam was diminished.
Everytime he was asked, he pretended and acted to be okay even he was
not. That started that he always lie to get people’s attention. He became
more competitive as if everyone is competing with him. Even though he
became an honor student when he graduated in elementary, he did set
aside the “I want to become a teacher” in his mind because of that
unforgettable experience.

He was born at Becques, Tagudin, Ilocos Sur. He is the 3 rd and the last
child of Mr. Alexander D. Llanes who is a chicken raiser, a basketball
referee, a farmer and a barangay official and Mrs. Brenda L. Llanes, a
housewife. He is permanently residing at #157 Barangay Becques, Tagudin,
Ilocos Sur. His sister is Mrs. Hiely Jane L. Limon, a Registered Nurse and
his brother Mr. Lexlie Xander L. Llanes, an Architect.

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Aside from his father, his grandfathers and a lot of relatives are also
rooster raisers and with that the researcher was influenced to become one of
them, to become a chicken raiser. He enjoyed that hobby. Just hearing the
sounds of roosters crowing is already a stress reliever to him. His roosters
are his best friends. That was the time he decided to become a Veterinarian
someday. But how did the researcher became a teacher and not a
veterinarian? The story continues…

With the situation he has at the moment, he became determined to

study for him to reach his dream, to become a Doctor of animals. He enjoyed
studying. He became more friendly. All his bad experiences during his
younger age were diminished because of the help of the trustworthy people
around him. When he was in 4th year, and the school year was nearly
ending, his teachers were asking if what he will pursue if he’ll go to college.
He said “I want to become a Veterinarian.” They said, “Veterinarian is a very
good profession but what if you’ll take an education course since you are
excellent at academics, good at interacting with people and you have a
modulated voice? I know that being a teacher is your first choice. Just follow
what your heart desires.” That was the time that the memories brought back
but in a good way. I was caught by what my teachers told me. I told myself,
“What if it is really my call? Can I just make my unforgettable experiences be
my motivation?” That was the time he decided, “I will become a teacher
someday!”

In college, he pursued his career at Saint Louis College where he was

helped by his very excellent teachers to bring out the best in him. He
majored in Biological Science since it is connected to being a Veterinarian.
He did not excel that much at first but because of his perseverance and
mindset, he successfully graduated with the degree his aiming for. After

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graduating, he immediately had the review at Carl Balita Review Center

(CBRC), Baguio City, together with his classmates and friends. It took them
3 months for the review and he was very confident and certain that he will
be passing the “Big Quiz”. The time has come and a problem arose. He did a
lot of erasures in his examination sheet and erasing is what we so called as
the “biggest and deadliest sin” in the board exam. He became paranoid. He
was stressed because of overthinking. Right after the exam, he went back to
Baguio City to find for a work and he became a Customer Service
Representative at Sitel (Call Center Company). It was not connected to his
profession but it gave a great help for him to improve his, vocabulary,
pronunciation and choice of words that he will able to use when he’s already
in the service.

The LET result was fast approaching. He was unable to calm myself
because he knows that he did a lot of mistakes. He always went to churches
to ask for guidance and enlightenment to what may happen when he will not
be able to see his name to the lists of passers. God was always his shoulder
and hanky in those times of doubts and regrets.

The day of the release of the result has come. He saw, “LLANES JES
ALBREN L. to the lists of passers.” He was totally blown away. He felt
relieved. He passed! He did it! He was so proud to himself that even He did a
lot of errors to the exam, God still managed to hear his prayers. After a
while, he received a call from his uncle that he will be sending him to school
to start his masteral studies. He immediately talked to his boss about that
and he gave him his support to his decision.

At present, he is now studying at Polytechnic State College, Tagudin

Campus while he’s teaching at Sta. Cruz, Institute, Inc., Sta. Cruz, Ilocos
Sur. Now that he’s not yet in public, he is focusing more on how he will be
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able to go beyond his horizon, to create things that will surely benefit him
and his community.

j.a.l.l

ABSTRACT

LLANES, JES ALBREN L., (April 2022). GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND

CARCASS FAT CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER (Gallus Gallus
domesticus) CHICKENS FED WITH ALTERNATIVE ORGANIC FEEDS.
Masters of Science in Education Major in General Science. Ilocos Sur
Polytechnic State College, Tagudin Campus, College of Graduate Studies,
Tagudin, Ilocos Sur.

Adviser: Daniel Juan Ramirez, Ph. D.

This study was conducted to determine the growth performance and

carcass fat content of broiler chickens fed with varying levels of Alternative
Organic Feeds. It made use of Complete Randomized design (CRD). Ninety one
day-old Cobbs 500 male broilers were randomly selected and divided into five
groups with three replicates in each of the treatments. The treatment groups
were denoted as T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. All broilers were fed three
times a day with the same amount of feeds at the time to avoid discrepancies on
the results. Water was ad libitum. The broilers underwent to a period acclimation
for two weeks (14days) for them to adapt to their environment. Lighting was
given until the last day of the acclimation period since broiler chickens were not
yet capable of producing heat for themselves. Broiler chickens on T 0 were fed
with 100% Commercial feeds whereas, the other treatments were given varying
combinations of Alternative Organic Feeds (AOF) and Commercial Feeds (CF)
which are as follows: T1 (75% Alternative Organic Feeds (AOF) + 25% Commercial
Feeds), T2 (50% AOF +50% Commercial Feeds), T3 (25% Alternative Organic Feeds
+ 75% Commercial Feeds) and lastly T4 (100% Alternative Organic Feeds).
Proximate Analysis of the Alternative Organic Feeds (AOF) revealed that it
contains beneficial contents. The AOF contains 10.3% moisture content, 6.9% ash
content, 3.6% crude protein, 8.4% crude fat, 5.3% crude fiber, 0.3% phosphorus
and, < 0.05% calcium. Significantly, these nutrients had a positive effect on the
health and growth performance of the broilers the mere fact that there is no
mortality recorded in the study. Fat analysis was also done and samples were
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obtained from the abdomen of the carcass. The results are as follows: T 0 (8.21g/
100g), T1 (11.77g/ 100g), T2 (13.39g/ 100g), T3 (12.39g/ 100g), and T4 (34.11g/
100g).

Keywords: Broiler, Growth Performance, Carcass Fat Content, Proximate

Analysis, Alternative Organic Feeds

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This thesis will not be possible without the support and guidance of several
individuals who contributed and extended their helping hand all throughout this
study. His deepest gratitude and warmest thanks go particularly to:

Dr. Gilbert R. Arce, SUC President III, for his unending support to the
Graduate School;

Dr. Tessie L. Dela Cruz, Dean of the Graduate School, for her endless
motivation and assistance;

Dr. Daniel Juan B. Ramirez, his Adviser, for his words of encouragements,
enthusiasm, insightful comments and valuable suggestions making the research
beneficial;

Dr. Romeo M. Cortez, External Expert, for his willingness to provide feedback
which significantly added quality to the research;

Engr. Jacqueline G. Gumallaoi, his Statistician, for giving technical

suggestions and for her kindness and willingness to help in finding the results of the
study;

Dr. Shirley P. Palma, Member of the Review Committee, for her words of
wisdom to make the research more concrete;

Mr. Albert H. Las Marias, Member of the Review Committee, for being his info-
buddy to make his research more meaningful and with substance;

Dr. Imelda N. Binay-an, English Critique, for her helping him make the thesis
more presentable;
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Mr. King Bergonio, for letting him facilitate in the conduct of the Proximate
Analysis of the Alternative Organic feeds in the Department of Agriculture Laboratory;

Mr. Zaldy Andaya, for lending their Pelletizer machine used in making the
Alternative Organic Feeds without anything in return;

Mr. Eugene G. Ulpindo, Mr. Chloe Santander and Mr. Jayson Guieb, his
companions for their unending help and patience in cleaning and sanitizing the
facilities and feeding and caring the broiler chickens, without them the researcher’s
job would be so stressful and difficult;

Mr. Alexander D. Llanes , Mrs. Brenda L. Llanes, Mrs. Hiely Jane L. Limon,
Roderion C. Limon, Lexlie Xander L. Llanes, and Egdar D. Llanes, his parents and
his family members, for helping him survive all the stressful days and nights, for their
endless moral and financial assistance during the completion of the research; and last
but not the least;

The Omnipresent God, for answering all his prayers, for letting him through
all the difficulties, for giving him enough knowledge, wisdom, courage and for pushing
him to go beyond his horizon to finish the study.

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LIST OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARIES Page

Title page ……………………………………………………… i

Approval Sheet ……………………………………………………… ii

Biographical Sketch ……………………………………………… iii

Abstract ……………………………………………………………… vi

Acknowledgement …………………………………………………….. vii

Table of Contents ……………………………………………… ix

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study ……………………………………… 1

Statement of the Objectives …………………………………… 5

Importance of the Study ………………………………………… 5

Time and Place of the Study …………………………………… 6

Definition of Terms ……………………………………………… 7

Review of Literature ……………………………………………… 9

CHAPTER II MATERIALS AND METHODS

Materials ……………………………………………………………… 21

Research Design ……………………………………………………… 22

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Data Gathering Instrument ……………………………………… 30

Statistical Tools / Analysis ……………………………………… 33

Experimental Procedure ……………………………………… 34

CHAPTER III RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS …………………….. 35

Conclusions ……………………………………………………… 50

Recommendations …………………………………………………….. 51

REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………… 52

APPENDICES ……………………………………………………………… 54

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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE Page

1 Proximate Analysis of the Alternative Organic Feeds (AOF) …. 36

2 Treatment effect of varying amount of AOF ……………………. 39

3 Significant Difference between and among Treatments ……… 41

in terms of Weight Gain

4 Significant Difference between and among Treatments ……… 42

in terms of Feed Consumption

5 Significant Difference between and among Treatments ……… 43

in terms of Feed Efficiency

6 Return of Investment ………………………………………………… 44

7 Survival Rate …………………………………………………………... 45

8 Carcass Fat Content ………..………………………………………... 46

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LIST OF FIGURE

TABLE Page
1 Flowchart of the Methodology …………………………………….. 34

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LIST OF PLATES

TABLE Page
1 Significant Difference between and among the treatments.. 54
2 Acquisition of 90-1 day old Cobb500 male broilers ……….. 99
3 Acclimation of broiler chicken for 14 days …………………… 99
4 Gathering of the plant materials ……………………………….. 100
5 Sundrying of the plant materials …………………………….… 101
6 Mixing of the powderized plant materials ………………….… 102
7 Re-powdering of the mixture of the plant materials ….…… 103
8 Pelleting of the mixture …………………………………………... 103
9 The finished product of the Alternative Organic Feeds …… 104
10 Proximate Analysis of the Alternative Organic Feeds ……… 106
11 Result of the Proximate Analysis of the AOF ………………… 107
12 Putting identification tags to broiler chickens ………………. 108
13 Getting the initial weight of the broiler chickens …………... 108
14 Preparation of the broiler facility (cleaning) …………………. 109
15 Experimental set up of the broiler chicken facility …………. 110
16 Obtaining sample of abdominal fat from the carcass ……... 111
17 Refrigerating of the abdominal fat sample of the carcass ... 111

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18 Results of the Carcass Fat Content ………………………….. 112

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