VOCABULARY

UNIT 2
BENEFICIAL FOR
BENEFICIOSO PARA
SOURCE (OF)
FUENTE (DE)
SHIP BACK
ENVIAR DE VUELTA
PROFITS
BENEFICIOS
ENDELESS
INFINITO
BOUNDARIES
LÍMITES
SPREAD
EXPANSIÓN (EXPANDIR)
BE CONCERNED ABOUT
ESTAR PREOCUPADO POR
WEALTHY
RIQUEZA
GOODS
BIENES
 BENEFIT – BENEFITIAL
EMPLOY – UNEMPLOYED, EMPLOYEE
CULTURE – CULTURAL
POOR – POVERTY
PEACE – PEACEFUL
TRADITION – TRADITIONAL
FAME – FAMOUS
 RECENTLY – RECENT
LIKE – LIKELY, UNLIKELY, ALIKE
PRODUCT – PRODUCE, PRODUCER,
PRODUCTION
IRRIGATE – IRRIGATION
SYSTEMATIC – SYSTEM
MAJOR - MAJORITY
 USES OF PAST SIMPLE:
a) For completed actions in the past
b) For past habits and routines
c) For past states
d) For completed actions that happened one after other in
the past

USES OF PAST CONTINUOUS:

a. For an action in progress at a particular moment in the
past
b. For a longer action that was interrupted by a shorter
action
c. For two or more longer actions happening at the same
time
d. For temporary situations in the past
e. To provide background information in a story
What is the specific use of each of the next sentences?

1. The atmosphere was incredible; people were laughing

and making jokes. But suddenly...
2. I ran a marathon 2 years ago.
3. I was working in an academy at that time
4. I went to the same beach every summer with my family,
and we keep on doing it now.
5. While I was watching Netflix, my boyfriend was cooking
dinner.
6. I lived in Belgium for some months.
7. I was taking a shower when someone knocked on the
door.
8. First I finished my degree, then I enrolled in a Master’s
degree, and finally I started my PhD studies.
9. At ten o’clock last night, I was taking my dog for a walk.
Complete the following sentences with the Past Simple or
Past Continuous.
1. Columbus _______(reach) America in 1492.
2. Ken ________(watch) TV while Barbie _________(read)
a fashion magazine.
3. Ray ________ (take) photos from the top of the Eiffel
Tower when he _______ (drop) his camera.
4. He _________ (open) the door and ________ (walk)
into a cold, dark room.
5. I ___________ (be) exhausted after the show.

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

“She has studied hard for the physics exam, so
she should do well.”

What is its use?

This tense is used to talk about a completed
action that has an effect on the present.
 PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
“She has been studying all day for the physics
exam, so she is tired.”

What is its use?

 It is used to focus on how long the action has
lasted and we don’t even know if the action is
finished or not.

USES OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

SIMPLE:
a) For something that happened in the past, but has a result
in the present.
b) For an action that happened several times or repeteadly in
the past.
c) With superlatives and expressions the first/second time.
d) For something that happened at an indefinite time in the
past.
e) For an action that started in the past and continues up to
the present with for, since and stative verbs.
 USES OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
a) For a long action that hast just finished and
has an effect in the present.
b) To emphasize how long something has been
happening usually with for and since.
c) For a recent or unfinished continuous action.
What is the specific use of each of the next sentences?
1. George’s eyes are sore because he’s been reading all
the morning.
2. It’s the first time I have seen Mark son angry.
3. She’s been studying neuroscience for three years.
4. Chuck has been sick; that’s why he looks so pale.
5. A bomb has exploded in downtown Springfield.
6. I’ve been thinking about my future.
7. You’ve asked me that question twice already.
8. We haven’t seen her since she moved away.
Complete the following sentences with the correct form of
the Present Perfect Simple or Continuous.
1. _______ you ever ________ (have) a terrifying
experience?
2. Of course I’m angry! I _______________ (wait) for
you since 10 o’clock!
3. This is the first time I ____________ (visit) New York
and it’s so exciting!
4. Where _________________ (Kim/be)? I
_____________ (look) for her all afternoon.
Complete the dialogue with one word in each gap
(ever, just, yet…)
1. Have you _______ won a lottery prize?
2. A lottery prize? No, I’ve _______ won anything.
Have you?
3. Yes. In fact, I’ve _______ collected my prize
money. A hundred pounds! Shall we celebrate?
4. Yes, please. That sounds fantastic!
5. OK then. How about dinner at Lisa’s? Have you
_________ been there?
6. No, I haven’t eaten there ________. In fact, I
haven’t been out anywhere _____ ages.
7. Why not?
8. I’ve been studying really hard and I ________
haven’t finished revising for exams.
9. You need a break! Come on, let’s go. I haven’t
eaten _______ this morning and I’m starving!

BOTTLE UP
 REPRIMIR
(EMOCIONES,
SENTIMIENTOS)
BURST INTO
 ROMPER A
(LLORAR, REÍR)
CALM DOWN
CALMARSE,
RELAJARSE
CHEER UP
 ALEGRARSE,
LEVANTARLE EL
ÁNIMO
CHICKEN OUT

ACOBARDARSE
FREAK OUT
PONERSE COMO
LOCO
USED TO & WOULD
 “They express something you did in the
past, a habit or repeated action that you
don’t do anymore now”.
WE USE “USED TO” FOR STATIVE VERBS (NON-
ACTION VERBS): BE, HAVE, LIKE, FEEL....
“I used to like traditional dancing”
“I would like traditional dancing” 

Complete the following sentences with used to

or would:
a. When I was a child I ________like peanuts.
b. In the morning he _______ sit on the front porch
and read.
c. I _________ wear glasses when I was at university.
d. When the weather was bad, I _________ stay home
and read comic.