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“Present Indefinite”
Identification: ‫ تے ہیں۔‬،‫تی ہے‬،‫تا ہے‬

Definition: To show regular actions, facts, universal truth, schedules and sometimes habitual action
which we regularly do in the present time called “Present Indefinite Tense in Active Voice.”

Affirmative Sentences
Helping Verb: Do/ Does
Formula: Subject + Verb (first form) + object.
He/ She/ It/ Name Does
Rules: There are certain rules of present indefinite tense.
 Add |s, es, ies| to verbs in case of “He, She, It, I/We/ You/ They/ Names Do
Name” subjects.
 Add |s, es, ies| to verbs in case of “He, She, It,
Name” only in affirmatives.
 Do, Does Helping Verbs will not be used in affirmatives.

Examples:
I get up early in the morning. Addition of “ES”
We learn English. Note: If the last alphabet of verb is “E”,
You watch the T.V. in the evening. we just add |S| to verbs and in case of
They recite the Holy Quran daily. “S, SS, CH, SH, O, X, Z” we also add “ES” to
such verbs.
Note: In case of the subjects “I, We, You and They”, Examples:
we do not add |s, es, ies |to verbs. She operates the computer.
He changes his decision again.
Ahmed goes to college daily.
She polishes her shoes herself.
He confesses his fault.
Ali catches the train at 7 am.
Milkman mixes water into milk.
Addition of “S”
Note: If the last alphabet of a verb is consonant,
we add |S| to verbs.
Examples:
She cooks the delicious food.
He cuts the cake in the party.
Ali tells a lie in the court.
It rains in Mirpurkhas city.
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Addition of “IES”
Note: If the last alphabet of a verb is “Y” along with
second last letter consonant, we omit “Y”
and add |IES| to the verb. If second last letter
is not consonant before “Y”, we do not omit “Y”
but add |S| to such verbs.

Examples:
She flies the kite with the children.
He tries his luck in lotteries.
Ali mutinies against the extortion.
He plays the piano.

Interrogative Sentences Interrogative + Negative

Formula: Do/Does + subject + Verb (1st) + object? Sentences
Formula: Do/Does + subject + not +
verb (1st) + object?
Examples: Examples:
Do we speak English? Do we not speak English?
Does she operate the computer? Does she not operate the computer?
Does he fly the kite? Does he not fly the kite?
Do you learn English? Do you not learn English?
Does it rain in Mirpurkhas city? Does it not rain in Mirpurkhas city?
Do they go to college daily? Do they not go to college daily?

Negative Sentences
Formula: Subject + Do/Does +not+ Verb (1st) + object.
Examples:
We do not speak English.
She does not operate the computer.
He does not fly the kite.
You do not learn English.
It does not rain in Mirpurkhas city.
They do not go to college daily.
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“Present Continuous”
Identification: ‫ رہے ہیں‬،‫ رہی ہے‬،‫رہا ہے‬
Definition: To show an action which is going on or happening at the time of speaking in present
called “Present Continuous Tense in Active Voice.”

Affirmative Sentences Helping Verbs: Is, Am, Are

Formula: Subject +is, am, are + Verb (4th) + object. I Am

Examples: He/ She/ It/ Name IS

She is operating the computer.
They are writing an essay. We/ You/ They/ Names Are
He is performing Namaz.
I am leaving for UK next month.
It is snowing in Murree.

Interrogative Sentences Negative Sentences

Formula: Is, am, are + subject + Verb (4th) Formula: Subject + is, am, are + not + Verb (4th)
+ object? +object.
Examples: Examples:
Is she operating the computer? She is not operating the computer.
Are they writing an essay? They are not writing an essay.
Is he performing Namaz? He is not performing Namaz.
Am I leaving for UK next month? I am not leaving for UK next month.
Is it snowing in Murree? It is not snowing in Murree.

Interrogative + Negative
Sentences
Formula: Is, am, are + subject + not + Verb (4th) + object?
Examples:
Is she not operating the computer?
Are they not writing an essay?
Is he not performing Namaz?
Am I not leaving for UK next month?
Is it not snowing in Murree?
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“Present Perfect”
Identification: ‫ چکے ہیں‬،‫ چکی ہے‬،‫ چکا ہے‬،‫ لی ہے‬،‫لیاہے‬

Definition: To show an action which finished or completed in past but has its effects in present is
called “Present Perfect Tense in Active Voice.”

Affirmative Sentences
Helping Verbs: Have, Has
Formula: Subject +have, has + Verb (3rd) + object.
He/ She/ It/ Name Has
Examples:
She has learnt English. I /We/ You/ They/ Names Have
They have written an essay.
He has performed Namaz.
I have left for UK.
It has snowed in Murree.

Interrogative Sentences Negative Sentences

Formula: Have, Has + subject + Verb (3rd) Formula: Subject + have, has + not + verb (3rd)
+ object? + object
Examples: Examples:
Has she learnt English? She has not learnt English.
Have they written an essay? They have not written an essay.
Has he performed Namaz? He has not performed Namaz.
Have I left for UK? I have not left for UK.
Has it snowed in Murree? It has not snowed in Murree.

Interrogative + Negative
Sentences
Formula: Have, Has + subject + not + Verb (3rd)
+ object?
Examples:
Has she not learnt English?
Have they not written an essay?
Has he not performed Namaz?
Have I not left for UK?
Has it not snowed in Murree?
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“Present Perfect Continuous”

Identification: ‫ سے رہے ہیں‬،‫ سے رہی ہے‬،‫سے رہا ہے‬
Definition: To show an action this started in the past and is happening now with certain time
duration. We use since/for in the tense to show time duration called “Present Perfect Continuous Tense
in Active Voice.”

Affirmative Sentences Helping Verbs: Have been, Has been

Formula: Subject +have/ has been + Verb (4th)

+ object + since/for + time. He/ She/ It/ Name Has Been
Examples: I /We/ You/ They/ Names Have Been
She has been learning English since June.
They have been writing essay for ten minutes.
He has been playing tennis since morning.
I have been visiting UK for three years.
It has been snowing in KPK since evening.
[

Interrogative Sentences Negative Sentences

Formula: Have, Has + subject + been + verb (4th)
+ object + since/ for +time?
Examples:
Has she been learning English since June?
Have they been writing essay for ten minutes?
Has he been playing tennis since morning?
Have I been visiting UK for three years?
Has it been snowing in KPK since evening?
Formula: Subject + have, has + not + been +
+ verb (4th) + object + since/for + time.
Examples:
She has not been learning English since June.
They have not been writing essay for ten minutes.
He has not been playing tennis since morning.
I have not been visiting UK for three years.
It has not been snowing in KPK since evening.

Interrogative + Negative Sentences

Formula: Have, Has + subject + not + been + verb (4th)
+ object + since/for + time?
Examples:
Has she not been learning English since June?
Have they not been writing essay for ten minutes?
Has he not been playing tennis since morning?
Have I not been visiting UK for three years?
Has it not been snowing in KPK since evening?
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“Past Indefinite”
Identification: ‫ تے تھے۔‬، ‫تی تھی‬، ‫تا تھا‬
Definition: To show an action that was finished or completed in past time is called “Past Indefinite
Tense in Active Voice.”
Rules: There are certain rules of past indefinite tense.
 We use|2nd form of verb| in affirmatives only.
 We do not use |Did| helping verb in affirmatives.
but in interrogatives & negatives.
 In presence of |Did| helping verb, we change the
|2nd form of verb| into |1st form of verb|.
Affirmative Sentences
nd
Formula: Subject + verb (2 ) + object.
Examples:
We learnt English last year.
Sir Rizwan taught us English.
You watched the thief last night.
She participated in the competition.
I got up early in the morning.
Negative Sentences
Formula: Subject + did + not + verb (1st) + object?
Examples:
I did not get up early in the morning.
You did not watch the thief last night.
Sir Rizwan did not teach us English.
We did not learn English last year.
She did not participate in the competition.
Rizwan Khaskheli
Helping Verbs: Did
He/ She/ It/ Name/
Did
I/We/ You/ They/ Names
Interrogative Sentences
Formula: Did + subject + verb (1st) + object?
Examples:
Did I get up early in the morning?
Did we learn English last year?
Did Sir Rizwan teach us English?
Did you watch the thief last night?
Did she participate in the competition?
Interrogative + Negative
Sentences
Formula: Did + subject + not + verb (1st) + object?
Examples:
Did I not get up early in the morning?
Did you not watch the thief last night?
Did Sir Rizwan not teach us English?
Did we not learn English last year?
Did she not participate in the competition?
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“Past Continuous”
Identification: ‫ رہے تھے‬،‫ رہی تھی‬،‫رہا تھا‬

Definition: To show an action which was happening in past time not happening now is called “Past
Continuous Tense in Active Voice.”

Affirmative Sentences Helping Verbs: Was, Were.

Formula: Subject + was, were + Verb (4th) + object. I/ He/ She/ It/ Name Was

Examples: We/ You/ They/ Names Were

She was operating the computer.
They were writing an essay.
He was performing Namaz.
I was leaving for UK last month.
It was snowing in Murree.

Interrogative Sentences Negative Sentences

Formula: Was, were + subject + Verb (4th)
+ object?
Examples:
Was she operating the computer?
Were they writing an essay?
Was he performing Namaz?
Was I leaving for UK last month?
Was it snowing in Murree?
Formula: Subject + was, were + not + Verb (4th)
+ object.
Examples:
She was not operating the computer.
They were not writing an essay.
He was not performing Namaz.
I was not leaving for UK last month.
It was not snowing in Murree.

Interrogative + Negative
Sentences
Formula: Was, were + subject + not + Verb (4th) + object?
Examples:
Was she not operating the computer?
Were they not writing an essay?
Was he not performing Namaz?
Was I not leaving for UK last month?
Was it not snowing in Murree?
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“Past Perfect Tense”

Identification: ‫ چکے تھے‬، ‫چکی تھی‬، ‫ چکا تھا‬، ‫ لی تھی‬، ‫لیاتھا‬
Definition: To show an action which had happened before another action happened in past time is
called use of “Past Perfect Tense in Active Voice.”

This method is also common

Affirmative Sentences
Formula: Subject + had + Verb (3rd) + object +
Formula: Subject + had + Verb (3rd) + object.
before/after/when+ sub + verb (2nd) + object.
Examples:
 Patient has died when doctor came.
She had learnt English.
 Train had left before I arrived.
They had written an essay.
 We had reached after the exam began.
He had performed Namaz.
I had left for UK.
It had snowed in Murree.

Interrogative Sentences Negative Sentences

Formula: Had + subject + Verb (3rd) Formula: Subject + had + not + verb (3rd)
+ object? + object
Examples: Examples:
Had she learnt English? She had not learnt English.
Had they written an essay? They had not written an essay.
Had he performed Namaz? He had not performed Namaz.
Had left for UK? I had not left for UK.
Had it snowed in Murree? It had not snowed in Murree.

Interrogative + Negative
Sentences
Formula: Had + subject + not + Verb (3rd)
+ object?
Examples:
Had she not learnt English?
Had they not written an essay?
Had he not performed Namaz?
Had I not left for UK?
Had it not snowed in Murree?
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“Past Perfect Continuous”

Identification: ‫ سےرہے تھے‬،‫ سےرہی تھی‬،‫سے رہا تھا‬
Definition: To show an action which started in past and continued till certain time duration in past
time is called “Past Perfect Continuous Tense in Active Voice.” We use since/ for prepositions to show
time in the tense.
Helping Verbs: Had been
Affirmative Sentences
Formula: Subject + had been + Verb (4th) He/ She/ It/ Name
+ object + since/for + time. Had Been
Examples:
She had been learning English since June. I /We/ You/ They/ Names
They had been writing essay for ten minutes.
He had been playing tennis since morning.
I had been visiting UK for three years.
[
It had been snowing in Murree since evening.

Interrogative Sentences Negative Sentences

Formula: Had + subject + been + verb (4th)
+ object + since/ for +time?
Examples:
Had she been learning English since June?
Had they been writing essay for ten minutes?
Had he been playing tennis since morning?
Had I been visiting UK for three years?
Had it been snowing in Murree since evening?
Formula: Subject + had + not + been +
+ verb (4 th) + object + since/for + time.
Examples:
She had not been learning English since June.
They had not been writing essay for ten minutes.
He had not been playing tennis since morning.
I had not been visiting UK for three years.
It had not been snowing in Murree since evening.

Interrogative + Negative Sentences

Formula: Had + subject + not + been + verb (4th)
+ object + since/for + time?
Examples:
Had she not been learning English since June?
Had they not been writing essay for ten minutes?
Had he not been playing tennis since morning?
Had I not been visiting UK for three years?
Had it not been snowing in Murree since evening?
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“Future Indefinite”
Identification: ‫گے‬،‫گی‬،‫گا‬
Definition: To show an action which will happen or will be done in future and has not taken place,
tense is also used to tell an action planned to be done in coming time called “Future Indefinite Tense in
Active Voice.”

Helping Verbs: Will/Shall

Affirmative Sentences
Formula: Subject + will, shall + Verb (1st) + object. He/ She/ It/ Name/ You/ They / Will

Examples: I /We Shall

She will buy the computer.
They will write an essay.
He will perform Namaz.
I shall leave for UK next month.
It will snow in Murree.

Interrogative Sentences Negative Sentences

Formula: Will, shall + subject +verb (1st) + object?
Examples:
Will she buy the computer?
Will they write an essay?
Will they perform Namaz?
Shall I leave for UK next month?
Will it snow in Murree?
Formula: Subject + will, shall + not +verb (1st)
+ object.
Examples:
She will not buy the computer.
They will not write an essay.
He will not perform Namaz.
I shall not leave for UK next month.
It will not snow in Murree.

Interrogative + Negative Sentences

Formula: Will, shall + subject + not + verb (1st) + object?
Examples:
Will she not buy the computer?
Will they not write an essay?
Will they not perform Namaz?
Will it not snow in Murree?
Shall I not leave for UK next month?
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“Future Continuous”
Identification: ‫ رہے ہونگے‬،‫ رہی ہوگی‬،‫رہا ہوگا‬
Definition: To show an action which is predicted to be happening in coming time is called “Future
Continuous Tense in Active Voice.”

Affirmative Sentences Helping Verbs: Will/Shall be

Formula: Subject + will/shall be + verb (4th) + object.
He/ She/ It/ Name/ You/ They / Will be
Examples:
She will be operating the computer. I / We Shall be
They will be writing an essay.
He will be performing Namaz.
I will be leaving for UK next month.
It will be snowing in Murree.

Interrogative Sentences Negative Sentences

Formula: Will/shall + subject + be + verb (4th)
+ object?
Examples:
Will she operating the computer?
Will they writing an essay?
Will he performing Namaz?
Will I leaving for UK next month?
Will it snowing in Murree?
Formula: Subject + will/shall + not + be + verb (4th)
+ object.
Examples:
She will not be operating the computer.
They will not be writing an essay.
He will not be performing Namaz.
I will not be leaving for UK next month.
It will not be snowing in Murree.

Interrogative + Negative Sentences

Formula: Will/shall + subject + not + be + verb (4th) + object?
Examples:
Will she not be operating the computer?
Will they not be writing an essay?
Will he not be performing Namaz?
Will I not be leaving for UK next month?
Will it not be snowing in Murree?

“Future Perfect Tense”

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Identification: ‫ چکے ہونگے‬،‫ چکی ہوگی‬، ‫چکا ہوگا‬

Definition: To show an action which is predicted that it will have happened in coming time is called
“Future Perfect Tense in Active Voice.”

Helping Verbs: Will/Shall have

Affirmative Sentences
Formula: Subject + will/shall have + verb (3rd) + object. He/ She/ It/ Name/ You/ They / Will have

Examples: I / We Shall have

She will have learnt English.
They will have written an essay.
He will have performed Namaz.
I shall have left for UK.
It will have snowed in Murree.

Interrogative Sentences Negative Sentences

Formula: Will/shall + subject + have + verb (3rd)
+ object?
Examples:
Will she have learnt English?
Will they have written an essay?
Will he have performed Namaz?
Shall I have left for UK?
Will it have snowed in Murree?
Formula: Subject + will/shall + not + have +
verb (3rd) + object.
Examples:
She will not have learnt English.
They will not have written an essay.
He will not have performed Namaz.
I shall not have left for UK.
It will not have snowed in Murree.

Interrogative + Negative
Sentences
Formula: Will/shall + subject + not + have + verb (3rd)
+ object?
Examples:
Will she not have learnt English?
Will they not have written an essay?
Will he not have performed Namaz?
Shall I not have left for UK?
Will it not have snowed in Murree?

“Future Perfect Continuous”

Identification: ‫ سے رہے ہونگے‬،‫ سے رہی ہوگی‬،‫سے رہا ہوگا‬
 13 | P a g e Rizwan Khaskheli

Definition: To show an action which will start in future and will be happening till certain time is
called “Future Perfect Continuous Tense in Active Voice.” We use since/ for prepositions for time
duration.

Affirmative Sentences Helping Verbs: Will/Shall have been

Formula: Subject + will/shall have been + Verb (4th)
+ object + since/for + time. He/ She/ It/ Name/ You/ They / Will have been
Examples:
She will have been learning English since June. I / We Shall have been
They will have been writing for ten minutes.
He will have been playing tennis since morning.
I shall have been visiting UK since August.
[
It will have been snowing since evening.

Interrogative Sentences Negative Sentences

Formula: Will/shall + subject + have been +
verb (4th) + object + since/ for +time?
Examples:
Will she have been learning English since June?
Will they have been writing for ten minutes?
Will he have been playing tennis since morning?
Shall I have been visiting UK since August?
Will it have been snowing since evening?
Formula: Subject + will/shall + not + have been +
verb (4th) + object + since/for + time.
Examples:
She will not have been learning English since June.
They will not have been writing for ten minutes.
He will not have been playing tennis since morning.
I shall not have been visiting UK since August.
It will not have been snowing since evening.

Interrogative + Negative
Sentences
Formula: Will/shall + subject + not + have been + verb (4th)
+ object + since/for + time?
Examples:
Will she not have been learning English since June?
Will they not have been writing for ten minutes?
Will he not have been playing tennis since morning?
Shall I not have been visiting UK since August?
Will it not have been snowing since evening?

Since For

 Morning  Seconds
 Afternoon  Minutes
 Hours
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