8

Mathematics
Quarter 1 - Module 2:
Factoring Polynomials
Mathematics - Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Module 2: Factoring Polynomials
First Edition, 2020

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OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Brian E. Ilan EdD

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Julius S. Geneta

Editor: Patricia Ulynne F. Garvida
Reviewer: Michael R. Lee
Layout: Ma. Fatima D. Delfin
Management Team: Angelita S. Jalimao
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

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 8

Mathematics
Quarter 1 - Module 2:
Factoring Polynomials
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Grade 8 Mathematics Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Factoring Polynomials!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

4
For the learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Factoring

Polynomials!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

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 Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
in factoring polynomials. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 - Factoring Perfect Square Trinomials
 Lesson 2 - Factoring General Trinomials
 Lesson 3 - Solving Problems Involving Factors of Polynomials

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. factors completely perfect square trinomials;
2. factors polynomials by grouping;
3. factors completely general trinomial written in the form x2 + Bx + C;
4. factors completely general trinomials written in the form Ax2 + Bx + C; and
5. solves problems involving factors of polynomials.

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Which of the following expressions is a perfect square trinomial?

A. x2 – 4x + 4 C. x2 – 4x – 4
B. x2 + 6x – 9 D. x2 + 5x + 12

2. The factors of 6x2 – x – 2 are (kx + n) and (3x – k). What are the values of k
and n?
A. k = 2 , n= 1 C. k =1 , n = 2
B. k = 2 , n= 2 D. k =1 , n =1

3. Which of the following expressions is not a perfect square trinomial?

A. 4x2 – 8x + 4 C. 4x2 + 20x + 25
B. x – 6x + 9
2 D. x2 + 4x + 8

4. The area of a square is (x2 – 10x + 25) cm2. What is the measurement of each
side?
A. (x + 2) cm C. (x + 5) cm
B. (x – 2) cm D. (x – 5) cm

5. Which of the following values of k will make x2 – 5x + k factorable?

A. -14 B.-10 C. 5 D. 12

6. A carpenter built a rectangular table with an area of (x2 – 9x + 20) m2. What
expressions represent the table’s length (L) and width(W)?
A. L= (x + 5) , W =(x + 4) C. L= (x – 5) , W =(x + 4)
B. L=(x + 5) , W =(x – 4) D. L= (x – 5) , W = (x – 4)

7. What are the factors of 2x2 – x – 1?

A. (2x – 1) (x + 1) C. (2x + 1) (x + 1)
B. (2x + 1) (x – 1) D. (2x – 1) (x – 1)

8. Is 4x2 – 12x + 9 a perfect square trinomial?

A. Yes. Its factors are (2x + 3) (2x – 3)
B. Yes. Its factors are (2x – 3)2
C. No. The middle term is not twice the product of the square roots of the
first term and the last term.
D. Yes. Its factors are (2x + 3)2

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9. If the area of a square garden is (4x2 + 24x + 36) m2, is it possible to find the
measure of each side?
A. Yes. By using factoring square of a binomial.
B. No. The area is non-factorable.
C. Yes. Because the area is a perfect square trinomial.
D. No. One of side should be given.

10. If one factor of 2x2 + 7x – 9 is (x – 1), what is the other factor?

A. x + 9 B.x – 9 C. 2x + 9 D. 2x – 9

11. Rhode won a parallelogram-shaped trophy. She knows the area of a

parallelogram is (x2 + 3x – 10) cm2 and that its base is (x + 5) cm. What is
the trophy’s height? A = bh
A. x – 10 B. x + 10 C. x – 2 D. x + 2

12. What must be added to 4x2 + 9 to make it a perfect square trinomial?

A. 24x B.12x C. -12x D. ±12x
13. The area of a rectangular soccer field is ( 3 x  16 x  12 ) square units and the
2

width is ( x  6 ) units, what was its length?

A. (2x + 3) units C. (3x + 2) units
B. (2x – 3) units D. (3x – 2) units

14. Which of the following expressions is a perfect square trinomial?

I. x2 – 12x + 36 II. 4x2 +15x + 25 III. x2 + 13x + 16 IV. 4x2 + 12x + 9
A. I and II C. I and IV
B. II and III D. I, II and IV

15. A truck travelled (2x2 +3x – 14) km in (2x + 7) hours, how fast did the truck
travel? d = St
A. (x + 2) km/h C. (2x + 2) km/h
B. (x – 2) km/h D. (2x – 2) km/h

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 Lesson
Factoring Perfect Square
1 Trinomials

In the previous lessons, we discussed about factoring by greatest common

monomial factor and factoring the difference of two squares. This time, we will be
dealing with factoring polynomials, particularly on perfect square trinomials. In this
lesson, you will see how it is easy to factor a perfect square trinomial. You just need
to identify the correct pattern or formula that you will use.

What’s In

Let’s have a review on PERFECT SQUARE.

You have encountered a lot of numbers when you studied the family of real
numbers. From all these numbers, which do you think are perfect squares?

Perfect square are

numbers came from For example, 4 is a perfect square. It
multiplying a given came from multiplying 2 by itself.
number by itself
2 x 2 = 22= 4 perfect square
Other examples of perfect square
are 1, 9, 16, 25 and so on.
1 x 1 = 12 = 1
3 x 3 = 32 = 9
4 x 4 = 42 = 16
5 x 5 = 52 = 25
5x5
To find the number being multiplied given a perfect square, we need to reverse the
process or find the square root of the given perfect square. For instance, what is the
number being multiplied to itself to obtain a product of 100?

The square root of 100 (√100) is 10. That is, if you multiply 10 to itself, it is equal to
100. Thus, the number being multiplied by itself to have a product of 100 is 10.
For example:
What is the number multiplied to itself What is the expression multiplied to
to have a product of 36? itself to have a product of y2?

36 = 6 x 6 or 62 Then √36 = 6 y2 = y ∙ y Then √ y2= y

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 Notes to the Teacher
Students should master identifying perfect square and determining the square
root of a given number. This will help them in factoring a perfect square
trinomial.

What’s New

Since you had already reviewed about perfect squares, we can now talk
about factoring perfect square trinomial.
Read and analyze the problem below.

HAVE FUN IN PLANTING!!

Yhurry is planning to build a square nursery plot for his
vegetable and herb seedlings. If all the seedlings are to be
placed in the nursery, it requires an area of (x2 + 8x + 16) m2.
What is the measure of the sides of the plot?

Since this problem involves an area of a square, then we can use the formula
A= s ∙ s. In the problem, area is given, and we are looking for the measure of the side.
To solve the problem, you need to find the factors of x2 + 8x + 16.
x2 + 8x + 16 =?
x2 + 8x + 16 = (x + 4) (x + 4)
x2 +8x + 16 = (x + 4)2
Therefore, the measure of the side is (x+4) meters.

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 What is It

In the problem above, are you wondering how the factors are determined?
Where the x and 4 came from? How did we obtain the binomial factors? For you to
answer these questions, you need to have an understanding on factoring perfect
square trinomial.
Perfect Square Trinomial

Perfect square trinomials are algebraic expressions with three terms that are
created by multiplying a binomial to itself.
Recall that the square of a binomial gives a perfect square trinomial.
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2

Reversing the equations, we have the formulas for factoring perfect square
trinomials.

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b) (a + b) or (a + b)2 a2 – 2ab + b2 = (a – b) (a – b) or (a – b)2

When is a trinomial a perfect square?

1. When the first and last terms are perfect squares, and both are positive.
2. When the middle term, is twice the product of the first and last terms.

For example:
Determine if x2 + 8x + 16 is a perfect square trinomial. If YES, find the
factors
x2 + 8x + 16

The first and the last terms are perfect squares.

The middle term is equal to twice the product of
x x 4 4
the first and the last terms.
8x = 2 (x)(4)
Therefore, x2 + 8x + 16 is a perfect square
8x = 8x trinomial

Below are the steps in factoring perfect square trinomial.

STEPS

1. Determine the square root of the first and last terms.

2. Use the root of the first and the last terms to create a binomial factor.
At this point, we can now answer the questions we had a while ago. These are:

1. How the factors are determined?

2. Where did the x and 4 came from?
3. How did we obtain the binomial factors?

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Given the area of the plot x2 + 8x + 16
x2 + 8x + 16

Thus, x2 + 8x + 16 = (x +4) (x +4) or (x +4)2

x x 4 4
8x = 2 (x)(4)

Illustrative example 1
Determine if 4x4 – 36x2 + 81. If YES, find the factors.
4x4 – 36x2 + 81
4x4 = (2x2) (2x2)
81 = (-9)(-9)
-36x2 = 2(2x2)(-9)

YES. Thus, 4x4 – 36x2 + 81 = (2x2 – 9) (2x2 – 9) or (2x2 – 9)2

Illustrative example 2
Determine if 9x6 + 42x3 + 49. If YES, find the factors.
9x6 + 21x3 + 49
9x6 = (3x3) (3x3)
49 = (7)(7)
42x3 = 2(3x3)(7)

YES. Thus, 9x6 + 42x3 + 49 = (3x3 + 7) (3x3 + 7) or (3x3 + 7)2

What’s More
Activity 1 Determine if the following expressions are perfect square trinomials.
If YES, find the factors.

YES or NO FACTORS
1. x2 – 22x + 121 _____________ ____________________________
2. x2 – 16x + 64 _____________ ____________________________
3. x2 + 28x + 49 _____________ ____________________________
4. 4x2 + 28x + 49 _____________ ____________________________
5. 4x2 + 40x + 100 _____________ ____________________________
6. 9x4 + 20x2 + 9 _____________ ____________________________
7. 9x4 – 6x2 + 1 _____________ ____________________________
8. 16x6 + 40x3 + 25 _____________ ____________________________
9. 16x6 – 16x3 – 4 _____________ ____________________________
10. 25x8 – 20x4 + 4 _____________ ____________________________

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Activity 2: A Heavenly Body

I am a celestial object consisting of a nucleus of ice and dust and, when near
the sun, a “tail” of gas and dust particles pointing away from the sun.

Decode the name of the celestial object being defined by following these steps:
1. Factor each expression in Box A
2. Write the letter of the expression in the Answer Box that corresponds to
your answer.
Box A Answer Box

O 9x2 – 36x + 36 4(x – 4) (2x – 4)

T x4 – 10x2 + 25 (3x – 6) (3x – 6)

M x4 + 14x2 + 49 (x2 + 7) (x2 + 7)

C 4x2 – 32x + 64 (3x + 2) (3x + 2)

E 9x2 + 12x + 4 (x2 – 5) (x2 – 5)

What I Have Learned

Perfect square trinomials are algebraic expressions with three terms that are
created by multiplying a binomial to itself.
Formulas for factoring perfect square trinomials.

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b) (a + b) or (a + b)2 a2 – 2ab + b2 = (a – b) (a – b) or (a – b)2

When is a trinomial a perfect square?

1. When the first and last terms are perfect squares, and both are positive.
2. When the middle term, is twice the product of the first and last terms.

Steps in factoring perfect square trinomial.

STEPS
1. Determine the square root of the first and last terms.
2. Use the root of the first and the last terms to create a binomial factor.

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 What I Can Do

1. Is 64x2 – 64xy + 16y2 = (8x – 4y)(8x – 4y) completely factored? Explain

2. Why must the first and last terms of a perfect square trinomial be both
positive?
3. The area of a square is given by the expression 4x2 + 48x + 144.
a. What is the measure of its side?
b. If x = 8 cm, find the measure of the side and area of the square.

Additional Activities

Find the factors.

1. x2 – 24 x + 144 = ________________________

2. 25x4 + 60x2 + 36 = ________________________

3. 16x6 – 8x3 + 1 = ________________________

4. 9x6 + 48x3 + 64 = ________________________

5. 4x8 – 28x4y + 49y2 = ________________________

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 16
What's More What I What I can Do
Activity 1 Know 1. NO. Because both
1. A factors are still have
11.YES, (x – 11)2
12.YES, (x – 8)2 2. A a common factor of 4.
13.NO 3. D 2. Because negative
14.YES, (2x + 7)2 4. D number has no root
15.YES, 4 (x + 5)2 5. A 3. a. 2x + 12
16.NO 6. D b. s = 28 cm
17.YES, (3x2 – 1)2 7. B A = 784 cm2
18.YES, (4x3 + 5)2 8. B
19.NO 9. C
20.YES, (5x4 – 22 10.C Additional Activities
11.C
12.D 1. (x – 12)2
Activity 2 13.C 2. (5x2 + 6)2
14.C 3. (4x3 – 1)2
C O M E T 15.B 4. (3x3 + 8)2
5. (2x4 – 7y)2
What's More
Activity 1
1. YES, (x – 11)2
2. YES, (x – 8)2
3. NO
4. YES, (2x + 7)2
5. YES, 4 (x + 5)2
6. NO
7. YES, (3x2 – 1)2
8. YES, (4x3 + 5)2
9. NO
10.YES, (5x4 – 22
Activity 2
C O M E T
Answer Key
 Lesson
Factoring General
2 Trinomials
In the previous lesson, we discussed about factoring perfect square trinomials.
Since not all trinomials are perfect squares, this time, we will discuss about factoring
general trinomials written in the form x2 + Bx + C and Ax2 + Bx + C. In this lesson,
you will use A, B, and C to represent the coefficients of the expression and see how
you can factor general trinomials using different methods.

Let’s review multiplying a binomial by a binomial using FOIL Method.

For example,
In using Foil Method (x +7) (x – 2)

1. Multiply first terms (F) F = (x)(x) = x2

2. Multiply outer terms (O)
3. Multiply inner terms (I)
O = (x)(-2) = -2x
5x
4. Multiply last terms (L) I = (7)(x) = 7x
5. Combine like terms
6. Multiply inner L = (7)(2) = 14
(x + 7) (x – 2) = x2 + 5x – 14

Notes to the Teacher

Students should master FOIL Method, factoring by grouping, and operations
on integers. This will help them in factoring general trinomial.

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 What’s New

During this pandemic, many are using social media for communication.
Facebook is the most widely used not only for communication but also for posting
different Math Challenges. Have you seen some of these challenges? Let’s help Julius
answer the math challenge posted on his newsfeed.

The challenge is “What is the product of (x + 3) (x + 5)?”

Using FOIL Method, we can find the product of (x + 3) (x + 5).

(x + 3) (x + 5)
F = (x)(x) = x2
O = (x)(5) = 5x What do you notice on the result of
multiplying two binomials by FOIL Method?
I = (3)(x) = 3x
L = (5)(3) = 15
Thus, (x + 3) (x + 5) = x2 + 8x + 15
By using the FOIL Method, we obtain the general formula of a general trinomial
written in the form x2 + Bx + C. If we denote a = 3 and b = 5:
(x + 3) (x + 5)
(x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + (a)(b)
Let: (a + b) = B (sum)
(a)(b) = C (product)
(x + a) (x + b) = x2 + Bx + C

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 What is It

General Trinomials

General trinomials are algebraic expressions written in the form x2 + Bx + C

and Ax2 + Bx + C, wherein A, B, and C are real numbers.
On the given Math challenge above, you found the answer using Foil method.
Reversing the process, we obtain a formula in factoring general trinomial in the form
x2 + Bx + C.
Factoring General Trinomials in the form x2 + Bx + C

x2 + Bx + C = (x + a) (x + b)
Wherein (a + b) = B (a)(b) = C

Below are the steps in factoring general trinomial in the form x2 + Bx + C.

1. Identify B (sum) and C (product).

2. Look for two numbers whose sum is B and whose product is C.
3. Build the binomial factors.
4. Check answer if correct by multiplying the factors using FOIL Method.

Illustrative Example 1:
Factor x2 – 3x – 4
B = -3 C = -4 Identify B (sum) and C (product).

Numbers Product Sum Look for two numbers whose sum

2, -2 -4 0 is B and whose product is C.
-1, 4 -4 3
1, -4 -4 -3

x2 – 3x – 4 = (x + 1) (x – 4) Build the binomial factors.

To check:
(x + 1) (x – 4)
F = (x)(x) = x2 Thus, (x + 1) (x – 4) = x2 – 3x – 4
O = (x)(-4) = -4x Therefore, the factors are correct
I = (1)(x) = x
L = (1)(-4) = -4
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 Illustrative Example 2: To check:

Factor x2 + 5x – 14 (x – 2) (x + 7)

B=3 C = -14 F = (x)(x) = x2

Numbers Product Sum O = (x)(7) = 7x

2, -7 -14 -5
I = (-2)(x) = -2x
-2, 7 -14 5
1, -14 -14 -13 L = (-2)(7) = -14
-1, 14 -14 13
Thus, (x – 2) (x + 7) = x2 + 5x – 14

x2 + 5x – 14 = (x – 2) (x + 7) Therefore, the factors are correct

Factoring General Trinomials in the form Ax 2 + Bx + C

Factoring by Grouping

STEPS:
1. Group terms with common factors.
2. Extract the GCF for each grouped term.
3. Factor out common binomial factor.
4. To check, multiply factors using FOIL method.

Example 1
Factor m3 – 5m2 + 3m – 15
Group terms with common
(m3 – 5m2) + (3m – 15) factors.

Extract the GCF for each

m2 (m – 5) + 3 (m – 5) grouped term.
common
binomial
factor
Factor out common binomial
(m – 5) (m2 + 3) factor.
(m – 5) (m2 + 3)
F = (m)(m2) = m3
O = (m)(3) = 3m To check, multiply factors
I = (-5)(m2) = -5m2 using FOIL Method

L = (-5)(3) = -15
Thus, (m – 5) (m2 + 3) = m3 – 5m2 + 3m – 15

20
 Example 2 To check:

Factor 4x2 + 20x – 3xy – 15y (x + 5) (4x – 3y)

(4x2 + 20x) + (– 3xy – 15y) F = (x)(4x) = 4x2

4x (x + 5) – 3y (x + 5) O = (x)(-3y) = -3xy

(x + 5) (4x – 3y) I = (5)(4x) = 20x

L = (5)(-3y) = -15y
Thus, (x + 5) (4x – 3y) = 4x2 + 20x – 3xy – 15y
There are two methods that can be use in factoring general trinomials in the form
Ax2 + Bx + C. These methods are:
a. Trial and Error Method
b. AC Method

A. Trial and Error Method

STEPS
1. Factor out common factors, if any.
2. Factor the first term (Ax2).
3. Factor the last term (C).
4. Look for a factor of the first term (Ax2) and last term (C) whose sum is
equal to the middle term (Bx).

Illustrative Example 1:
Factor 3x2 + 2x – 5
Factor the first term (Ax2).
3x2 (3x)(x)
-5 (1)(-5) and (-1)(5)
Multiply the possible factors using FOIL Factor the last term (C).
Method to get the middle term.
Possibilitihes Middle Term
(3x + 1)(x – 5) -14x
(3x – 5)(x + 1) -2x
(3x – 1)(x +5) 14x Look for a factor of the first term
(Ax2) and last term (C) whose
(3x + 5)(x – 1) 2x
sum is equal to the middle term
(Bx).
Therefore, 3x2 + 2x – 5 = (3x + 5)(x – 1)
Illustrative Example 2: Possibilities Middle Term
Factor 7x2 + 24x + 9 (7x + 1)(x + 9) 64x
(7x + 9)(x + 1) 16x
7x2 (7x)(x) (7x – 1)(x – 9) -64x
(7x – 9)(x – 1) -16x
9 (1)(9), (-1)(-9), (3)(3) and (-3)(-3)
(7x + 3)(x + 3) 24x
Multiply the possible factors using FOIL (7x – 3)(x – 3) -24x
Method to get the middle term.
Therefore, 7x2 + 24x + 9 = (7x + 3)(x + 3)

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 What’s More

B. AC Method

STEPS
1. Identify A, B, C, and AC.
2. Find the factors of AC whose sum is B.
3. Use the factors to express Bx as sum of two terms
4. Factor by grouping.

Activity 1: Complete Me!

Complete the table below by finding a pair of number which has the given sum and
product.
Sum Product Pair of Number

1. 7 -60

2. 13 42

3. -21 110

4. -3 -108

5. 7 -330

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 Activity 2: Split Me!
Find the factors of the following general trinomials. Write the factors in the box.

2. 2x2 + 5x + 3 x 1. 3x2 + 23x + 14 x

3. x2 + x – 132 x x
4. x2 + 13x + 36

5. x2 – x – 30 x x
6. x2 – 12x + 35

7. 4x2 – 14x + 12 x
8. 5x2 – 42x + 16 x

9. 12x2 + 13x – 35 x x
10. 12x2 – 38x + 30

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 What I Have Learned

General trinomials are algebraic expressions written in the form x2 + Bx + C and

Ax2 + Bx + C wherein A, B and C are real numbers.

In factoring general STEPS in factoring general trinomial in the

quadratic trinomials written
in the for x2 + Bx + C, use the
formula:
x2 + Bx + C = (x + a) (x + b)
Wherein
(a + b) = B (a)(b) = C
form x2 + Bx + C:
1. Identify B (sum) and C (product).
2. Look for two numbers whose sum is
B and whose product is C.
3. Build the binomial factors.
4. Check answer if correct by
multiplying the factors using FOIL
Method.

There are two methods that can be used in factoring general trinomials in the form
Ax2 + Bx + C. These methods are Trial and Error Method and AC Method.

Trial and Error Method AC Method

STEPS
STEPS
1. Factor out common factor if
1. Identify A, B, C, and AC.
any.
2. Find the factors of AC
2. Factor the first term (Ax2).
whose sum is B.
3. Factor the last term (C).
3. Use the factors to
4. Look for a factor of the first
express Bx as sum of two
term (Ax2) and last term (C)
terms
whose sum is equal to the
4. Factor by grouping.
middle term (Bx).

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 What I Can Do

In the blank circles, write an algebraic expression such that any one of the given
trinomials is the product of the two expressions found on both ends of the segment.

3x2 + 3x – 14

3x2 – 2x – 8 3x2 – 11x + 10

6x2 + 29x – 28 6x2 + 11x – 35

3 4

9x2 – 3x – 20

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 26
What’s More What I Can Do
Additional
Activities Activity 1: Complete Me 1. x–2
2. 2x + 7
1. (x + 10)(x – 13) 1. -5 and 12
3. 3x + 4
2. (x + 12)(x – 7) 2. 6 and 7
4. 3x -5
3. (3x – 5)(x + 9) 3. -11 and -10
4. 2(5x + 3)(x + 3) 4. -12 and 9
5. (3x – 8)(2x – 11) 5. -15 and 22
Activity 2: Split Me
1. (2x + 3)(x + 1)
2. (3x + 2)(x + 7)
3. (x + 12)(x – 11)
4. (x + 4)(x + 9)
5. (x – 6)(x + 5)
6. (x – 5)(x – 7)
7. 2(x – 2) (2x – 3)
8. (5x – 2)(x – 8)
9. (4x – 5)(3x + 7)
10. 2(2x – 3)(3x – 5)
Answer Key
= ________________________ 5. 6x2 – 49x + 88
= ________________________ 4. 10x2 + 36x + 18
= ________________________ 3. 3x2 + 22x – 45
= ________________________ 2. x2 + 5x – 84
= ________________________ 1. x2 – 3x – 130
Find the factors.
Additional Activities
 Lesson
Problem Solving Involving
3 Factoring of Polynomials
After we have discussed factoring polynomials, we can now apply it in
answering word problems. When it comes to problem solving, there are a lot of things
you need to consider. Since problem solving is based on “real life situations”, your
answers should make sense in the context of the given problem.

What’s In

Read the problem below.

Rhode wants to cover her study table with a tablecloth for it

to look new and clean. The table is 1.5 meters long and 1 meter
wide. How much tablecloth will she use?

What is being asked in the problem? How are you going to solve for it?
To solve the problem, you need to find the area of the rectangle. To find the area of a
rectangle you use the formula, A = L x W. Wherein, A= area, L = length and
W = width.
Do you still recall the formula in finding the area of a parallelogram and square? How
about the formula in finding the distance?
Area of a Parallelogram Area of a Square Distance

A = bh A=sxs d = St

b= base h= height s= side S= speed t= time

Notes to the Teacher

Students should master factoring polynomials as well as the different formulas
in finding the area and distance. These will help them in answering word
problems involving factoring of polynomials.

27
 What’s New

Who among you had joined educational trip conducted by your school? Were you
happy and excited waiting for the day of the educational trip?

The Grade 8 students of Pitogo High

School is on an educational trip to Kawit,
Cavite. They are going to visit the house of the
first president of the Philippines. While on the
way to Kawit, Yhurry asked the driver what the
reading of the odometer is. Mang Juan
answered, “It’s (x + 8) kph”. If the distance from
school to their destination is (x2 + 6x – 16) km,
how long will they travel?
To answer the problem, you can use the formula d= St. Wherein,
S = speed
S = (x + 8)
d = distance
d = x2 + 6x – 16 km t = time
8. Mult
t=? d = St x2 + 6x – 16 = ((x + 8) (________)
iply
If you noticed, you can use factoring to find the time. What are the factors of inne
x2 + 6x – 16? r
Factor x2 + 6x – 16 term
s
B = 6 C = -16
To check: 9. Mult
Numbers Product Sum
1, -16 -16 -15 (x + 8) (x – 2) iply
-1, 16 -16 15 last
2, -8 -16 -6 F = (x)(x) = x 2
term
-2, 8 -16 6 O = (x)(-2) = -2x s
4, -4 -16 0
I = (8)(x) = 8x

x2 + 6x – 16 = (x + 8) (x – 2) L = (8)(-2) = -16

Therefore, time (t) = (x – 2) hours

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 What is It

In answering word problems, you need to follow the steps below.

STEPS

1. Analyze the problem.

2. Identify the given.
3. Determine the operation to be used.
4. Simplify the result if possible.

Illustrative Example 1

The area of a rectangle is (20a2 + 27a – 14) square units and the width is
(4a + 7) units. What is the length?

Given: Solution:
A= (20a2 + 27a – 14
A=LxW
W = 4a + 7
20a2 + 27a – 14 = (_______) (4a + 7)
L=?
20a2 + 27a – 14 = (5a – 2)(4a + 7)…factoring
W = (5a – 2) units

Illustrative Example 2
The length of a rectangle is three times the width. If the area of the rectangle
is 432 m2, find the length and width.
L = 3x
Let:
x = width(W) W=x
3x = length(L)
A = 432m2
3 (x + 12) (x – 12) = 0
Solution:
3≠0 x + 12 = 0 x – 12 = 0
A=LxW x = -12 x = 12

432 = (3x) (x)

Since there is no negative measurement for
432 = 3x2 width, then, width = 12 meters
3x2 – 432 = 0 L = 3x
3 (x2 – 144) = 0 = 3(12)
3 (x + 12) (x – 12) = 0 L = 36 meters

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 What’s More

Activity 1
Solve the following problems below. Write your solution in the box.

1. The garden of Mr. Geneta’s

vacation house will be planted
with Bermuda grass. The garden
is (2x + 1) meters long. If the
Bermuda grass covers
(2x2 – 3x – 2) square meters, how
wide is the garden?
2. Yhurry has a board in the shape
of a parallelogram. Its area is
(6x2 + 19x + 10) cm2 and base is
(2x + 5) cm. What is the height of
the board?

3. Find the speed of the car whose 4. How fast did the car travelled for
distance is 4m2 – 9n2 km and time (3a2 – 4a + 1) km if it arrives at the
is (2m – 3n) hours? destination after (3a + 1) hours?

5. The president of a homeowners’

association wanted to build a
cubical water storage with the
front side covered with steel. The
front side’s area is (4x2 + 44x +
121) m2. What is the measure of
the sides?

Application
Answer the problems below.
2. In a basketball league of x teams
1. The length of a rectangular in which every team plays every
swimming pool is 2 yards more other team twice, the total
than 2 times the width. The area number of games played is x2 – x.
of the pool is 144 square yards. How many teams are there in a
Find the dimensions of the pool. league that plays a total of 72
games?

30
 What I Have Learned

In answering word problems, you need to follow the steps below.

STEPS

1. Analyze the problem.

2. Identify the given.
3. Determine the operation to be used.
4. Simplify the result if possible.

What I Can Do

Answer the problems below. Show your solution on the space provided
before the number and box your final answer.

1. Jose purchased carpet to cover the floor of a rectangular room that has an
area of 96 ft2. The width of the room he is carpeting is 4 feet less than the
length. Find the length and width of the room.

2. A square painting is surrounded by a 3-centimeter-wide frame. If the total

area of the painting plus frame is 961 cm2, find the dimensions of the painting.

31
 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following values of k will make x2 – 6x + k factorable?
A. -3 B.3 C. 6 D. 9

2. Maegan bought a rectangular table with an area of (2x2 + 7x – 15) m2. What
expressions represent the table’s length (L) and width (W)?
A. L= (2x – 3) , W = (x + 5) C. L = (2x + 3) , W = (x + 5)
B. L =(2x + 3) , W = (x – 5) D. L = (2x – 3) , W = (x – 5)

3. What must be added to 9x2 + 16 to make it a perfect square trinomial?

A. 24x B.12x C. ±24x D. 3x

4. The area of a rectangle is (6x2 + 5x – 6) square units. What is its width if the
length is (2x + 3) unit?
A. (2x + 3) units C. (3x + 2) units
B. (2x – 3) units D. (3x – 2) units

5. Which of the following expressions is a perfect square trinomial?

I. 9x2 – 30x + 25 II. 4x2 + 28x + 49 III. x2 + 24x + 144 IV. 25x2 – 40x + 16
A. I, II and III C. I, III and IV
B. II, III and IV D. I, II, III and IV

6. What are the factors of 6x2 – 4x – 42?

A. 2 (3x – 7) (x + 3) C. (3x + 7) (2x – 6)
B. (3x – 7) (2x + 6) D. 2(3x + 7) (x - 3)

7. The length of a rectangle is 2ft less than 3 times the width. If the area is
65ft2, what is the measure of the length?
A. 11 ft B.12 ft C. 13 ft D. 14 ft

8. If one factor of (3x3 + 6x2 – 12x) is (3x), what is the other factor?
A. x2 – 2x – 4 C. x2 + 2x – 4
B. x – 2x + 4
2 D. x2 + 2x + 4

32
9. Is 9x2 – 48x + 64 a perfect square trinomial?
A. Yes. Its factors are (3x + 8) (3x – 8)
B. Yes. Its factors are (3x – 8)2
C. No. The middle term is not twice the product of the square roots of the
first term and the last term.
D. Yes. Its factors are (2x + 3)2

10. Which of the following expressions is a perfect square trinomial?

A. 9x2 – 15x + 25 C. 4x2 – 44x – 121
B. 9x + 48x – 64
2 D. 4x2 + 36x + 81

11. Which of the following expressions is does not belong to the group?
A. x2 – 7x + 10 C. x2 + 12x + 35
B. 9x2 – 12x + 4 D. x2 +11x + 24

12. The area of a square is (4x2 – 52x + 169) cm2. What is the measurement of
its side?
A. (2x + 13) cm C. (2x + 23) cm
B. (2x – 13) cm D. (2x – 23) cm

13. The area of a parallelogram plot is (10x2 – 29x – 21) m2. Find the base if its
height is (5x + 3) meters? A = bh
A. 2x – 7 B.2x + 7 C. 2x – 3 D. 2x + 3

14. If the area of a square garden is (x2 + 24x + 25) m2, is it possible to find the
measure of its side by using factoring method?
A. Yes. By using factoring square of a binomial.
B. No. The area is non factorable.
C. No. One of side should be given.
D. Yes. Because the area is a perfect square trinomial.

15. The distance travelled by a car is (8x2 + 6x – 27) km in ((2x – 3) hours. What
is the speed of the car? d = St
A. (2x + 9) km/h C. (4x + 9) km/h
B. (2x – 9) km/h D. (4x – 9) km/h

33
 Additional Activities

Answer the problems below. Write your solution on the space provided and box
your final answer.
1. What is the measure of the side of a square whose area is (9x2 + 42x + 49) square
units?
2. What is the length of a rectangle whose area is 24y2 + 46y + 15 square units and
width is (2y + 3) unit?
3. The length of a rectangular garden is 5 more than its width and is surrounded by
a uniform path 2 m wide. If the total area of the garden plus path is 300 sq meters,
find the width of the garden.

34
 35
Assessment
(pages 33-34)
What's More 1. D
What I Can Do 2. A
Activity 1 3. A
1. L = 12 ft 4. D
1. W = (x – 2) m
W = 8 ft 5. D
2. h = (3x +2) cm
2. 25 cm by 25 cm 6. D
3. S = (2m + 3) kph or
7. C
S= (2m + 3) km/h
8. C
4. S= (a + 1) kph or
9. B
S= (a + 1) km/h Additional
10. D
5. s = (2x + 11) m Activities 11. B
12. B
1. s = (3x + 7) units
Application 13. A
2. L = (12y + 5) units
14. B
1. W = 8 yards 3. W = 24 meters
15. C
L = 18 yards
2. There were 9
teams.
Answer Key
References

Nivera, Gladys C., Grade 8 Mathematics: Patterns and Practicalities, Salesiana

Books
Diaz, Zenaida L., et. Al, 21st Century Mathematics: Intermediate Algebra, Phoenix
Publishing House
Grade 8 Math Learners Module

https://publicdomainvectors.org/en/free-clipart/Students-with-backpacks-
image/80797.html
http://www.jonblakely.com/wp-content/uploads/4_8v2.pdf

https://www.publicdomainpictures.net/en/view-
image.php?image=37296&picture=school-bus-clipart
https://pixabay.com/illustrations/student-child-care-elementary-school-2632361/

36
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

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