General Mathematics

Quarter 1 – Module 6:
Graph of Rational Functions
General Mathematics – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 6: Graph of Rational Functions
First Edition, 2020

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General Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
Graph of Rational Functions
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Mathematics – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode

(ADM) Module on Graph of Rational Functions!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions. Its purpose is to assist you, the

teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12

Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in

schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this

also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking

into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of

the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this

module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to

manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist

the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the General Mathematics – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode

(ADM) Module on Graph of Rational Functions!

One main characteristic of graph of a rational function is the existence of

asymptote, wherein it can be either vertical or oblique. An asymptote is a straight
line which gets closer and closer to the graph, but never touches it. Other vital parts
in making the sketch of the graph are comprised of the domain, range, intercept and
zeroes of the function.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

Today’s lesson will help you to:

1. find the domain and range of rational function (M11GM-Ib-5)
2. determine the (a) intercepts; (b) zeroes; and (c) asymptotes of rational function.
(M11GM-Ic-1)

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 What I Know

Write RF if the given is a rational function and NRF if not.

_____ 1. =0

_____ 2. 𝑓(𝑥) =

_____ 3. . 𝑦 =

_____ 4. . >4

_____ 5. ≤

_____ 6. 𝑓(𝑥) =

_____ 7. F(x) =

_____ 8. 𝐺(𝑥) =

_____ 9. ≅

_____ 10. ≠

_____ 11.

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_____ 12.

_____ 13.

_____ 14.

_____ 15.

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 Lesson

1 Graph of Rational Function

The graph of a certain function may be complex in nature. It is composed of

different parts that form unique curves for every type of expression it possesses.
However, every function’s graph is impossible without the following elements:
domain, range, intercept, zeroes, and asymptote.

What’s In

Find 10 words that correspond to rational function. (You may use a highlighter or
colored pen)

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 Notes to the Teacher
This module was made and written to prepare learners in the graph
of rational function. It also aims to familiarize learners with the 5
basic elements since it will also be discussed in the next modules.

What’s New

Label each part for the graph of the function: 𝑓(𝑥) = .

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 What is It

In graphing a rational function, we will be getting the elements one by one to

determine what kind of curve our function would look like. Let us discuss them one
at a time. Consider this function:

𝑥+1
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−2

Step 1: Asymptote

Asymptote refers to the line which continually approaches a certain point

but never crosses it.

Take note that there are two asymptotes in a rational function – vertical and
horizontal/slant.

Let us find the vertical asymptote by taking our denominator and equate it
with zero. So, we have:

𝑥−2=0

𝑥=2

This means that our vertical asymptote

is in (2, 0) as shown in the graph.

Now, let us find the horizontal/slant asymptote by getting the lead coefficient
of the numerator and denominator. We have:

Numerator = 1 (𝑥 + 1, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 1)

Denominator = 1(𝑥 − 2, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 1)

When we divide the identified numerator and denominator, we will have:

1
𝑦= =1
1

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 Thus, our horizontal asymptote lies on (0,1) so we have this in our graph.

Step 2: Intercepts

Intercepts refers to any given point of the curve which intersects the axis. A
certain point of the curve that intersects the x-axis is the x-intercept. The point of
the curve which intersects the y-ais is the y-intercept.

The intercepts of a rational function will be solved by substituting both

variables if they are equal to zero.

For y intercept, For x intercept,

Our graph will be like this.
when x=0. when y=0.

𝑥+1 𝑥+1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−2 𝑥−2

0+1 𝑥+1
𝑦= 0=
0−2 𝑥−2

1 𝑥+1=0
𝑦=
−2
𝑥 = −1

The intercepts of our graph will intersect at the points (0, ) and (-1,0).

Step 3: Zeros of the Function

Zeros of the function is denoted by which value will the function be zero. In
simple words, f(x)=0. So, we have:

𝑥+1
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−2

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 𝑥+1 Simplify using the rules in solving
0=
𝑥−2 rational equations.

𝑥+1=0

𝑥 = −1

This means that the function will be equal to zero when 𝑥 = −1.

Step 4: Domain and Range

Domain of the function refers to any set of values that will be your input, while
the Range contains the output values produced by a function.

For this example, we will use the denominator of our rational function in
getting the domain since we will be getting all values that is possible for x in order to
solve for y, using the denominator will deviate us from getting undefined values. The
domain of our function is set on 𝑥 − 2 = 0 leading us into all real numbers except 2.
Thus, domain of the function is 𝑥 > 2 or 𝑥 < 2 with an interval notation of (−∞, 2) ∪
(2, ∞). The range of the y>1 or y<1 with the interval notation of (−∞, 1) ∪ (1, ∞)

Let us use a table of values setting the values of x from -2 to 2. Then we will
achieve the values for y after substituting it in our function.

Observe the input of 2 leads us to a range of undefined since this value is

the zero of the function.

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Step 5: Graph

Plot the points as indicated by the values on the table.

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 What’s More

Sketch the graph and determine the parts of 𝐺(𝑥) = , step by step.

Step 1: Asymptote

Step 2: Intercepts

Step 3: Zeros of the Function

Step 4: Domain and Range

x -2 -1 0 1 2

Interval Notation

a. Domain:

b. Range:

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Step 5: Graph of the Function

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 What I Have Learned

o What are the 5 steps that guide us in determining the parts and graph of
a rational function.

Step 1:

Step 2:

Step 3:

Step 4:

Step 5:

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 What I Can Do

Nowadays, online markets are such a huge hit. Aside from the convenience
for consumers of buying goods with just one click, people, specially those affected
by the pandemic are also using these platforms to sell their products and start
their business.

Zai, an OFW, decided to sell bananacue while waiting for his flight back to
Saudi Arabia. The graph shows the average cost he made for making bananacue.

a. What are the observations you have in his costing? Output?

b. Will you recommend to him to continue on his business? Justify.

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 Assessment

Determine the domain, range, intercept, asymptote and zeros of the following
function. Sketch its graph in one Cartesian plane.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) =

2. 𝐺(𝑥) =

3. ℎ(𝑥) =

Additional Activities

Observe the graph below.

Answer the following questions:

a. Describe the behavior of the curves based on the different elements presented.

b. As a citizen of our country, what can you contribute for the betterment of our
economy? Justify your answer.

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 18
What I have Learned What I know
1. NRF
Step 1 Asymptote
Step 2 Intercept 2. RF
Step 3 Zeros 3. RF
Step 4 Domain and Range
Step 5 Graph 4. NRF
5. NRF
6. RF
7. RF
8. RF
9. NRF
10. NRF
What’s New
11. RF
12. RF
13. NRF
14. RF
15. RF
What’s In
 Domain
 Range
 Intercept
 Rational
 Asymptote
 Graph
 Vertical Oblique
 Fraction
 Quotient
Answer Key
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Assessment: What’s More
𝟏 𝟏 Step 1: vertical x=-2
1. Domain −∞, ∪ ,∞
𝟑 𝟑
𝟐 𝟐 Horizontal y=2
Range −∞, ∪ ,∞ Step2:
𝟑 𝟑
𝟑 𝟏
x-intercept − , 𝟎 x-intercept , 𝟎
𝟐 𝟐
y-intercept (𝟎, −𝟑) 𝟏
y-intercept 𝟎, −
𝟏 𝟐
vertical asymptote 𝒙 = 𝟏
𝟑 Step 3: 𝒙 =
𝟐 𝟐
horizontal asymptote 𝒚 = Step 4:
𝟑
𝟑 Domain 𝒙 < −𝟐 𝒐𝒓 𝒙 > −𝟐
zeros: 𝒙 = −
𝟐
(−∞, −𝟐) ∪ (−𝟐 , ∞)
2. Domain (−∞, −𝟏) ∪ (−𝟏 , ∞)
Range 𝒚 < 𝟐 𝒐𝒓 𝒚 > 𝟐
Range (−∞, 𝟓) ∪ (𝟓, ∞)
𝟐 x -2 -1 0 1 2
x-intercept , 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
𝟓 y und -3
y-intercept (𝟎, −𝟐) −
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
vertical asymptote 𝒙 = −𝟏
horizontal asymptote 𝒚 = 𝟓
𝟐
zeros: 𝒙 =
𝟓
3. Domain (−∞, −𝟐) ∪ (−𝟐 , ∞)
Range −∞, −𝟐√𝟑 − 𝟒 ∪ 𝟐√𝟑 − 𝟒, ∞
x-intercept (𝟏, 𝟎)(−𝟏, 𝟎)
𝟏
y-intercept 𝟎, −
𝟐
vertical asymptote 𝒙 = −𝟐
slant asymptote 𝒚 = 𝒙 − 𝟐
zeros: 𝒙 = 𝟏 , 𝒙 = −𝟏
References
Dawkins, P. 2003-2020 Pauls Notes Online Lamar University Section 4-8 : Rational
Functions [online] Available at:
<https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/classes/alg/graphrationalfcns.aspx>
[Accessed 9 July 2020]

Pierce, R. 2018. "Definition of Rational Function". [online] Math Is Fun. Available at:
<http://www.mathsisfun.com/definitions/rational-function.html>
[Accessed10 Jul 2020]

Rivas, R. 2020. “What the Philippine economy could be like after the coronavirus”
[online]Rappler.com Available at: <
https://assets.rappler.com/612F469A6EA84F6BAE882D2B94A4B421/img/
B475FC59B78C442EA0EF76B84E0A8E77/screen-shot-2020-04-08-at-
2.33.26-pm.png> [Accessed 10 July 2020]

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