Names & Signature: Date Submitted: September 7, 2022

1. Charll Dezon A. Aba Date Performed: August 31, 2022

2. May Angela Gabriela P. Jaso
3. Ariane Mae P. Incornal
4. Edhane Justy J. Daguplo
5. Dannah Joy R. Tempra

Using the Analytical Balance

I. Objectives
 To determine and observe the sample of 5 pennies in the analytical
balance to weigh its results after the pennies were heated or warmed
in the oven with a petri dish and removed.
 To scrutinize the analytical balance on how it functions and utilize
appropriately that varies from the experiment being conducted on the
sample.
 To evaluate the standard deviation, mean, and median after the
pennies were measured the results of its unknown masses in the
analytical balance.
 The laboratory members shall have now the knowledge on how to
employ using the analytical balance with proper handling technique
and the after results of masses from the sample pennies with accurate
measures being acquired.
 To know the common sources of errors that affect the weight of a
sample are measured using the analytical balance.
II. Materials and Apparatuses
 Oven
 Forceps or Tweezers
 5 pieces of 5 centavo coins
 Petri dish
 Gloves
 III. Preparation of Reagent/Sample

Collection of Gathering of Washing of Drying of

pennies Materials and pennies. Pennies using
equipment’s. Oven for one
hour.

Placing the cover Picking of pennies Labelling of Detaching the

of petri dish on the one at a time pennis in the petri dish from the
balance pan of through tweezers. oven and letting it
paper.
Analytical Balance Making sure that cool for 15
and press Tare. there is no debris. minutes.

Putting the penny Closing of door Waiting for the After showing
inside the handle to avoid exact mass of the exact mass,
analytical balance additional penny to appear remove the
carefully. unnecessary in the display part penny and place
mass. of the equipment. the next one.
IV. Methods and Procedure
1. After you have been instructed in the use of the balance and have become
familiar with its use, obtain a set of pennies, an unknown aluminum cylinder,
and a pair of tweezers from the instructor.

2. Do not handle the pennies or the cylinder with your fingers; always use
tweezers. If you are using a mechanical balance, be sure to have the balance
in the "off" or "complete arrest" position whenever you remove anything from
or add anything to the balance pan.

3. Before you begin to determine masses, zero your analytical balance

carefully. Select five pennies from the vial containing the pennies, and weigh
each penny on your balance. Enter the data into your laboratory notebook.
Keep track of the identity of each penny by placing them on the labelled piece
of paper.

4. Verify that your balance is set to zero. Place these same five pennies on
the balance pan, determine their total mass, and record it.

5. Then remove one of the pennies from the balance, obtain the mass of the
remaining four, and record the mass.

6. Repeat this procedure, removing one penny at a time. Subtraction yields

the individual masses. This process is known as weighing by difference,
which is the way nearly all mass determinations are done in the analytical
laboratory.

7. Finally, check the zero on your balance and find the mass of the unknown
aluminum cylinder.
 V. Illustration & Step

Figure 1: Sterilizing the pennies in the oven.

After collecting the pennies and putting it one by one in the petri dish, the petri dish now is
being placed in the oven to eradicate certain bacteria or factors that may interfere with the
mass of the pennies when it is weighed. After putting the petri dish inside the oven, an
hour of waiting is necessary until it may get. Another fifteen minutes is allocated to further
cool down the temperature of the pennies.
 Figure 3: Weighing each of the pennies in the Analytical Balance.

This process is where each of the centavo coins is being weighed to get its mass. Each
coin is labeled according to its designated number so that it won't be switched to
another centavo coin that has a different designated number. Upon weighing each
penny, tweezers are used to place it in the petri dish inside the analytical balance. After
getting the mass, each value is recorded to be used in the next process which is to get
the weight difference.

Figure 2: Cooling the pennies.

After an hour inside the oven, the five centavo coins are being cooled for about fifteen
minutes to ensure that it is not hot anymore and to make the mass of the coin accurate
when it will be weighed in the analytical balance. It is necessary to cool down the
temperature of the pennies because the temperature is one of the factors affecting the
mass to be recorded.
 VI. Data & Computations
Table 1: Weight of Individual coins.

Sample Coin Weight in grams

Penny 1 2.2020
Penny 2 2.2038
Penny 3 2.2082
Penny 4 2.1735
Penny 5 2.1860

In Table #1 above shows the different weights in grams of each sample

pennies after removing the samples in the petri dish being heated in the oven for an
hour to acquire the results. The 5 pennies were placed on the piece of paper and
then labeled each of its coins since they’re identical to avoid disarray and difficulties
results of measures after they weighed on an analytical balance.
Table 2: Weights and Percent by differences of Individual coins.

Mass in Weight by Individual %

Sample Coin
grams differences Weight Differences

Penny 5 10.9727 2.1863 2.1860 - 0.0137%

Penny 4 8.7864 2.1731 2.1735 0.0184%
Penny 3 6.6133 2.2082 2.2082 0%
Penny 2 4.4057 2.2035 2.2038 0.0136%
Penny 1 2.2016 2.2016 2.2020 0.0182%

In Table #2 above exhibits the calculation results of weight and percent by

Figure 4: Getting the weight of difference. differences
After getting all the individual mass of each centavo coin, all of the coins are being placed
in the petri dish according to its designated number so that it would not get switched to
another coin that may destroy the order of the calculations. After placing all the centavo
coins in the petri dish, the mass will be recorded. Then, one coin will be off from the petri
dish and the mass of the remaining four coins will be recorded. This process will be
repeated until all the centavo coin will be out of the petri dish.
of each individual coins shown in the results. To get the outcome of weight by
differences is to subtract the p4 coin from p5 coin of mass in grams first for achieving
the outcome of its differences this applies and appertain to other sample coins on
the table. In p1 coin it’s a different result because considering it has no associate to
the next coin which led to copy the mass in grams for acquiring the results.
Additionally, The % difference is to subtract the individual weight to weight by
differences divided by to individual weight then multiplies by 100% to get the
answers on % differences of each sample coins.
VII. Observation & Discussions
Analytical balance is a laboratory apparatus used to measure mass
accurately and is highly sensitive. There are three types of analytical
balances: electronic analytical balances, single-disk analytical balances, and
electro-optical analytical balances. In this experiment, we used the electronic
analytical balance the weight of each penny because it is the most common
type of analytical balance used in laboratories.
We used the analytical balance to determine each penny's weight
after sterilizing them in the oven. Each cent weighs differently from the others,
as can be shown in Table 1. The first penny weights 2.2020 grams, the
second penny 2.2038 grams, the third penny 2.2082 grams, the fourth penny
2.1735 grams, and the fifth penny 2.1860 grams.
Table 2 displays the outcome of weighing five five-cent coins until
there is just one left in the analytical balance. The five pennies (designated
p5) together weigh 10.9727 grams. The weight changed to 8.7864 grams
after we removed one cent (designated p4), a difference of 2.1863 grams. We
took another cent out. Now there are three (labeled p3).
It weighs 6.6133 grams, which is 2.1731 grams lighter than p4. Next,
we took off one penny (designated p2), which had a weight difference of
2.2082 grams from p3 of 4.4051 grams. Last but not least, we eliminated p2,
leaving one cent in the analytical balance weighing 2.2016, 2.2035 grams
lighter than p2. We notice here that the weight difference gave a different set
of numbers. For example, when we removed p5, the weight difference should
be the same as the individual weight of the fifth five-centavo coin.
 The formula can be used to get the difference in table 2's "the %
difference" column (individual weight minus weight by difference over
individual weight times 100). P5's percent difference is -0.0137%, whereas
p4's percent difference is 0.0184%. P3 is 0%, on the other hand. P1 is
2.2035%, followed by p2 at 0.0136%.

VIII. Conclusion
In our observation and conclusion, we perceive the chemical
reaction on the sample pennies placed in the oven with a petri dish to
heat the coin for an hour of calefaction to attain the outcome of each
sample result. To distinguish these phenomena, we must know to
utilize the analytical balance to get the mass in grams in every 5
pennies heated in the oven. After heating the pennies, the next step is
to situate the coins and place them on a clean sheet of paper to
designate and adequately label the sample pennies to rescind disarray
and miscalculations on every penny. Furthermore, throughout the
sessions in the laboratory following all the procedures and methods
since we're the last group to weigh the sample coins, we discovered
and noticed something peculiar that pertains to the sample penny
aggregate its mass if we left the coins without touching and still the
coins in a paper became cold at room temperature which is interesting
and uncanny effect.

In this light of matter we therefore conclude, the penny is

composed of silvery metal which is nickel in particular. A nickel can resist
corrosion even at high temperatures. There are three ways that
temperature can affect metals; thermal expansion, resistance, magnetism.
When temperatures rise, metals experience a small increase in length,
width, overall area, and volume, a phenomenon known as thermal
expansion. When electrons flow through the bulk of a metal, they bounce
off other electrons as well as the boundaries of the metal, also known as
resistance.

This phenomenon is influenced by both hot and cold

temperatures. An increase in temperature increases the kinetic energy in
an electron, increasing its speed as a result, and ultimately leading to a
great amount of scattering and total resistance. Certain metals like cobalt,
iron, and nickel are spontaneously magnetic at room temperature.
Therefore, with the information presented, the temperature has an effect
to the mass of the penny. If the temperature is at normal, the penny will
remain at its constant and original mass. On the other hand, if the
temperature rises, the mass of the penny will increase as well.

Temperature is one of the factors that affects the mass of

the five centavo coins. It affects the pennies in a way that is visible
because as we weighed the five centavo coins fifteen minutes from
cooling, the measurements or the mass that is being reflected in the
analytical balance has a small difference to the measurements of the
pennies after getting its weight of difference where all of the coins are
being placed in the petri dish and getting off one by one until all has been
weighed with the reduced mass.

The time of weighing the second process which is getting

the weight difference was also affected by the phenomena which is being
in the last group to weigh our samples. As we let our sample be placed in
an open field with a room filled with air conditioner while waiting for the
first two groups to be done, its temperature also cooled down more
causing its mass to decrease also. Therefore, the mass of the five centavo
coins differs or depends according to the hotness or coldness of the area
where it is placed.

Therefore, based on the experiment being conducted, it can

be concluded that variations in the room temperature can swiftly affect the
weight of the penny. Strict temperature regulation is necessary to obtain
reliable readings from the analytical balance. To prevent air currents,
make sure that all three of the doors in the analytical balance remain shut
throughout the procedure. Because it may complicate analytical balance
processes, changing how a penny weighs, and may cause sensitive
equipment to display inaccurate measurements. Additionally, it is crucial to
examine and inspect the analytical balance to make sure that it continues
to provide an accurate reading and that nothing will impair its precision.

In this laboratory activity, we finally learned how to use the

analytical balance. Since we had to balance it first while waiting for the
coins to be fully sterilized, it is a little difficult. To do this, we had to make
sure that the bubble, which indicates the level of balance, was in the
center. After the coins had been sterilized, we had to wait for them to
return to room temperature because the unstable weight of the coins could
be a result of temperature.

I realized that it didn't give precise measurements because it

kept changing as we weighed the pennies one at a time. I had to remind
my group members not to touch the table where the analytical balance
was while we were weighing each of the coins. Why? It's because I
observed that even a small adjustment in the table's position might affect
the coins mass when being weighed. Analytical balances are delicate
devices, and since this one is electronic, we had to remain on the
unsteady table in order to reach the outlet.

Because the analytical balance was on the table where we

were working and it was impossible to move the table while the other
groups were also doing their tasks, I think our experiment wasn't flawless.
Wrong measurements are brought on by changes in pressure and even
force surrounding the analytical balance.