Calculus for AT & EE

Guided self study – Week 3

1. Calculate the following expressions for 𝑧𝑧1 = 3 + 4𝑖𝑖, 𝑧𝑧2 = −7 + 11𝑖𝑖 and write them in the
form 𝑧𝑧 = 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 with 𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏 ∈ ℝ. (In other words, in Cartesian form, or rectangular form)
a) 𝑧𝑧1
b) |𝑧𝑧1 |
c) 𝑧𝑧1 + 3𝑧𝑧2
d) 𝑧𝑧1 − 𝑖𝑖𝑧𝑧2
e) 𝑧𝑧1 𝑧𝑧2
f) 𝑧𝑧2 ⁄𝑧𝑧1

2. Let 𝐴𝐴, 𝐵𝐵, 𝐶𝐶 ⊆ ℂ be defined as follows:

𝐴𝐴 = {𝑧𝑧 ∈ ℂ| Im(𝑧𝑧) ≥ 2}, 𝐵𝐵 = {𝑧𝑧 ∈ ℂ| |𝑧𝑧| = 2}, 𝐶𝐶 = {𝑧𝑧 ∈ ℂ| z = 𝑧𝑧}.
Draw the following sets in the complex plane.
a) 𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵
b) 𝐴𝐴
c) 𝐵𝐵 ∪ 𝐶𝐶

3. Use Euler’s formula to prove

a) 𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝑒𝑒 −𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
b) �𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 � = 1
c) cos 𝜃𝜃 = �𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 + 𝑒𝑒 −𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 �⁄2
d) sin 𝜃𝜃 = �𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 − 𝑒𝑒 −𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 �⁄2𝑖𝑖

4. Calculate the following for the vectors 𝐮𝐮 = 𝐢𝐢 − 𝐣𝐣 and 𝐯𝐯 = 𝐣𝐣 + 2𝐤𝐤.

a) 𝐮𝐮 + 𝐯𝐯, 𝐮𝐮 − 𝐯𝐯, 2𝐮𝐮 − 3𝐯𝐯
b) the lengths |𝐮𝐮| and |𝐯𝐯|
c) unit vectors 𝐮𝐮 � and 𝐯𝐯� in the directions of u and v respectively
d) 𝐮𝐮 ⋅ 𝐯𝐯
e) the angle between u and v
f) the scalar projection of u in the direction of v
g) the vector projection of v along u

5. For which 𝛼𝛼 ∈ ℝ are the following vectors orthogonal to one another?

𝐯𝐯 = 〈1,2, −3〉 𝐰𝐰 = 〈−4, 𝛼𝛼, −6〉

6. For which 𝛼𝛼 is it true that

|𝐯𝐯 × 𝐮𝐮| = |𝐯𝐯| |𝐮𝐮|
if 𝐯𝐯 = 〈1,2, −3〉 and 𝐮𝐮 = 〈−4, 𝛼𝛼, −6〉?
7. We define the dot product of two vectors as the sum of the products of their corresponding
components. With this definition it can be shown that
 𝐮𝐮 ⋅ 𝐯𝐯 = 𝐯𝐯 ⋅ 𝐮𝐮 and
 the distributive property holds, that is 𝐚𝐚 ⋅ (𝐛𝐛 + 𝐜𝐜) = 𝐚𝐚 ⋅ 𝐛𝐛 + 𝐚𝐚 ⋅ 𝐜𝐜
a) Using the definition of the dot product, prove that 𝐮𝐮 ⋅ 𝐮𝐮 = |𝐮𝐮|2
b) Use the cos rule [Section P7, Theorem 3 in Adams and Essex] to prove that
𝐮𝐮 ⋅ 𝐯𝐯 = |𝐮𝐮| |𝐯𝐯| cos 𝜃𝜃
if 𝜃𝜃 is the angle between u and v.

8. We shall prove the triangle inequality, a very important mathematical property:

a) Show that |𝐮𝐮 + 𝐯𝐯|2 = |𝐮𝐮|2 + 2𝐮𝐮 ⋅ 𝐯𝐯 + |𝐯𝐯|2
b) Show that 𝐮𝐮 ⋅ 𝐯𝐯 ≤ |𝐮𝐮| |𝐯𝐯|
c) Deduce from (a) and (b) that |𝐮𝐮 + 𝐯𝐯| ≤ |𝐮𝐮| + |𝐯𝐯| (This is the triangle inequality)

9. Does the notation 𝐮𝐮 ⋅ 𝐯𝐯 × 𝐰𝐰 make sense? Why? How about 𝐮𝐮 × 𝐯𝐯 × 𝐰𝐰?