Professional Documents
Culture Documents
OCTOBER 2022
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IMPROVING GROWTH AND HEALTH PERFORMANCE IN HUBBARD AND
KABIR (Gallus gallus domesticus) PHENOTYPES THROUGH GENETIC
RECOMBINATION
OCTOBER 2022
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction 1
Expected Outputs 3
Chicken 5
Biological Characteristics 6
Physical Characteristics 6
Reproductive Behavior 7
Biological Characteristics 7
Physical Characteristics 8
Reproductive Behavior 8
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Methodology 9
Materials 9
Methods 9
Experimental Approach 9
Experimental Procedure 11
Housing 11
Feeding Management 11
Livability Rate 12
Morbidity Rate 12
Mortality Rate 13
Statistical Analysis 13
References 14
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INTRODUCTION
avoid wasting time, money, and effort. The study sought to document the
database, 10.64% of the 875 officially recognized chicken breeds in Europe will
cannot finance the needs of the business. Birds, like other animals and plants,
requiring expensive raising, large quantities of drugs, feed time, and controlled
and artificial living conditions. Thus, this study’s goal is to record the offspring's
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Significance of the Study improvement of society In what way?
meat production.
Guide for whom?
The Researcher. This research will be a useful reference for any researcher
who plans to conduct a similar study, as well as an instrument that will guide
Professor. This research will help them in the discussion regarding to the
related lessons. It will be easier for them to address related topics in this
research.
Students. This serves as a guide and reference for students pursuing studies
in society.
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Objectives of the Study
This study will determine the growth and health performance of Hubbard
2. To monitor the effect of strain and Sex on weekly Body Weights (kg).
The study's findings will provide scientific evidence for the use of Kabir
some extent.
This study will only be limited to the growth and health performance of
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aims to determine the outcome of the Kabir and Hubbard genetic
recombination. The poultry animals that will be involved in this study is the Kabir
December 2022.
How many days/months
The terms used in this study are listed and defined below.
Descriptions of the breed(??
Hubbard – the female chicken breed that will be used for cross-breeding.
Kabir – the male chicken breed that will be used for cross-breeding.
genetic recombination
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REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE
The review provides a discussion of related literature and the definition of terms
that are significant in the study. It covers the background on the efficacy of the Chicken
Genetic Recombination of Hubbard and Kabir in terms of growth and health performance
and genetics. Hubbard and Kabir are described in terms of origin, description, and health.
Chicken
The chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is one of the most common domestic
animals, it is a type of domesticated fowl, a subspecies of the red jungle fowl. Chicken is
one of the primary sources of food in humans consuming both meat and eggs and rarely
https://www.hubbardbreeders.com/
The Hubbard Chicken
State ilahang known phenotypes, growth/laying performances,
Description and Origin advantages/disadvantages,
The Hubbard chickens are broiler chickens grown by the Hubbard Breeders
Company. The company provides broiler stock of chickens to farmers and other
businesses all around the world. A broiler chicken has been bred and raised for the
purpose of producing meat. It originated from the Indian Subcontinent jungle fowl. The
broiler industry has grown since it is consumer demand, for affordable poultry meat and
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due to extensive breeding selection for rapid early growth and the husbandry used to
sustain this, broilers are susceptible to several welfare concerns, particularly skeletal
malformation and dysfunction, skin and eye lesions, and congestive heart conditions.
(Gerkensmeyer, 2020)
The environment influences broiler behavior, which changes as the broilers' age
and body weight rapidly increase. Examining the frequency of all sexual behavior reveals
a significant decrease with age, indicating a decline in libido. The decline in libido is
insufficient to explain the reduced fertility in heavy cocks at 58 weeks, and it is most likely
due to the large bulk or conformation of the males at this age interfering in some way with
the transfer of semen during copulations that otherwise appear normal. (P.M. Hocking,
2003) Nganong sex sex man ni, dapat biological characteristics sa hubbard, like feed to body weight
conversion rate, length of leg, etc. weight
Physical Characteristics
Hubbard chickens’ range in size from medium to large, depending on the species.
White, red, brown, black, grey, striped, multicolored, and any other color is appropriate.
They have short, robust legs that appear to travel faster than they can, as well as thick
yet supple feathers. Hubbard chickens can belong to a variety of species, and some
characteristics, such as the size of the animal's comb and beak, as well as the length of
its tail feathers, can vary. However, the feathers are generally thick. (Gerkensmeyer,
2020)
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Reproductive Behavior
Hubbard broiler behavior changes with age and body weight. The activity of
broilers reared outdoors is initially greater than broilers reared indoors but from six weeks
of age. The Hubbard Broiler sexual behavior decreases with age, suggesting a drop in
libido. The fall in libido is not enough to explain diminished fertility in hefty cocks at 58
weeks. The mass or conformation of the males at this age may interfere with the
The Kabir originated in the Middle East specifically from Iran, in the Arabic
language, the word Kabir means “large” due to its enormous size. Kabir has an
exceptional characteristic that made it a popular breed of chicken for backyard and small
business flocks. Its popularity spread throughout the entire world as a result of its unique
qualities. The Kabir chicken usually weighted almost five (5) to six (6) kilos when they are
Biological Characteristics Specifics, market weight, feed conversion ratio, average daily gain,
when will they reach maturity, etc.
Kabir breeds are strong and healthy in that they can be bred and reared without
antibiotics, resulting in higher earnings and lower expenses. Kabir chickens are similar to
native chickens. Due to its quick growth, excellent body conformation, and effective feed
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conversion, it is best for meat conversion. The chicken is resistant to disease, illness, and
heat stress. It has a “native” taste flavor and texture. (LaGuardia, 2021)
which breed
Physical Characteristics
colors mentioned. According to the literature, pure strains of Kabir are covered with
white/yellow feathers. Male Kabir can weigh as much as 2.5 kilos in just nine weeks while
a female Kabir can weigh as much as two kilos in the same number of weeks. The
Physical appearance of Kabir can be mistaken with a native chicken except that they are
ostrich. Because of their weight, these chickens cannot fly high. Growths of loose, short,
and fine feathers are very observable in the lower portion of their thighs. (LaGuardia,
2021)
Reproductive Behavior
attention using various courtship movements such as wing panicking and flapping,
having two roosters in a cage oftentimes result in severe rivalry, fighting, serious injury
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METHODOLOGY
The researchers discussed the methods used in this research: the materials,
data were carefully recorded, analyzed and monitored, and utilized as a basis for the
Research design?
Theoretical Framework?
Subject of the Study?
Materials
Independent/dependent variables?
The materials used in the study were the following: feeders, weighing scale,
housing facilities, record book for the effect of strain and sex on weekly body weight, light
Experimental Approach
Three (3) healthy months-old Hubbard chicken and months-old Kabir chicken were
used as the experimental animals to assess the effect of the chicken genetic
recombination. The different mean body weights of combined sex per breed, and
phenotypic body structures combining pure breeds used in the study were as follows:
Suggestion:
Weekly ang data collection, much better daily if kaya, para accurate inyohang weight gain and
feed conversion ratio
Weeks 2
Weeks 4
Weeks 6
Weeks 9
Weeks 12
breed A= Weeks 2
breed B= Weeks 4
breed C= Weeks 6
breed D= Weeks 9
breed E= Weeks 12
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Replicates diay, suri
How many treatments? Groups? Replications
Experimental Procedure
The data will be collected by the researchers. To begin, the researchers will monitor
Hubbard and Kabir's genetic recombination or mating stage. The researchers will surely
establish the chicken's stability. After that, when genetic recombination occurs, the
researchers will begin to collect data and will certainly analyze, monitor, and determine
Housing
The cages were constructed using wooden barrels, nails, hammers, tie boxes, and
nets. The cages are divided into 3 compartments so that the researchers can separate
and recognize the genetic recombination of a male and female Hubbard, male Hubbard
and female Kabir, and the male and female Kabir until they can produce offspring. As a
result, the researchers can properly monitor the chicken genetic recombination before the
study begins.
Feeding Management How much feed per day, how many times a day do you feed? ,
specify which feed, aha ang tubig, uhawon ang manok ani
Diets for the offspring were implemented from pullet starter to post-peak. They
were fed from the first week up to the twelve weeks. Pullet starter will be given in the first
three weeks, and the chickens will be fed a post-peak from the 21st day up to the end of
the study.
cages and the surroundings were observed throughout the period of the study, for the
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safety of the chicken fencing will be done. Feeders and waterers were cleaned daily prior
to feeding and giving fresh water. Manure was disposed of every 2 days.
Weight gain will be determined by computing the difference of the final weight at
Livability Rate
The formula will be used to count the number of alive and dead birds each day to
Morbidity Rate
Birds with disease will be recorded, and the morbidity rate will be calculated using
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Mortality Rate
Deaths will be recorded, and the mortality rate will be determined by the formula
(Gilani 2021).
Number of deaths
Mortality rate (%) = 𝑥 100
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑠
The researchers should use a record book and weekly monitoring to observe and
monitor the phenotypic body structure of offspring and the 3 months old Hubbard and 8
months old Kabir at the beginning and end of the study. Furthermore, the phenotypic body
weeks.
how to measure pheno body structure?
State na measurement using tape measure, then measure ninyo wingspan and
leg length, etc.
Statistical Analysis
For Complete Random Design, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique will be used
to analyze the data on body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (CRD). Using
examined.
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REFERENCES
https://www.britannica.com/animal/chicken/additional-info#history
Gerkensmeyer, R. (2022, July 22). Hubbard Chickens. PetKeen. Retrieved October 22,
2022, from
https://petkeen.com/hubbard-chickens/
Hocking, P.M. (2003). Sexual behaviour and fertility in broiler breeder domestic fowl.
Sciencedirect.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0168159190901373#!
https://lopehpoultry.blogspot.com/2009/10/kabirchicken.html?m=1&fbclid=IwAR021nNV
m16_zm-KeKPe_aP6NG02zn8wD6jrf0jUFfGtdPGl7yY_Po8S8_A
LaGuardia, B. (2021, July 2). Poultry Chicken what is Kabir. Agriculture and livestock.
https://putakputak.com/poultry/chickens/what-is-kabir-chicken/
Hirsch, V. (2003). Brief Summary of the Biology and Behavior of the Domestic Chicken.
Animal legal and historical center.
https://www.animallaw.info/article/brief-summary-biology-and-behavior-chicken
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