PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS:

Affirmative Negative Questions

STRUCTURE:
SUBJECT+HAVE/HAS+BEEN+VERB + ING
I have been working I have not been working Have I been working?
SUBJECT+HAVE/HAS+NOT+BEEN+VERB + ING
You have been working You have not been working Have you been working?
HAVE/HAS+SUBJECT+BEEN+VERB + ING

He has been working He has not been working Has he been working?
USE:
She has been working She has not beenworking Has she been working? - To place emphasis on the duration of an action which started
in the past and continues to the present.

It has been working It has not been working Has it been working? - Actions that started in the past, lasted for some time and their
result is visible in the present.

We have been working We have not been working Have we been working? - To express anger, irritation, annoyance, criticism

You have been working You have not been working Have you been working? EXAMPLES:
They have been working They have not been working Have they been working? - Ian has been surfing the net all day.

- Ruth is tired. She has been working non-stop for 10 hours.

TIME EXPRESSIONS
- Who has been making all this noise?
for, since, how long,
all day/morning/,
lately, recently
 PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE:
STRUCTURE:
Affirmative Negative Questions SUBJECT+HAVE/HAS+PAST PARTICIPLE
I have travelled I haven't travelled Have I travelled?
SUBJECT+HAVE/HAS+NOT+ PAST PARTICIPLE
You have travelled You haven't travelled Have you travelled?
HAVE/HAS+ SUBJECT+ PAST PARTICIPLE

He has travelled He hasn't travelled Has he travelled?

USE:
She has travelled She hasn't travelled Has she travelled? - Actions that started in the past and continue in the present
- Action in the past with visible results in the present.
It has travelled It hasn't travelled Has it travelled? - Actions that happened in the past (we don't know when)
- With "today","this morning/afternoon", "so far"... when these
periods of time are not finished at the time of speaking.

We have travelled We haven't travelled Have we travelled? - Recently completed actions

- Personal experiences /changes that have happened

You have travelled You haven't travelled Have you travelled?

EXAMPLES:
They have travelled They haven't travelled Have they travelled?
- Alex has been friends with Ben for ten years.
- Gary has shaved his beard. He looks younger.
- She has cleaned her room.( I don't know when)
TIME EXPRESSIONS
- He has called you three times today.
Already, yet, just, - Lenny has just hoovered the carpets.
ever, never,
- It's the first time we have travelled to Asia.
for, since, recently,
so far