DHARANIDHAR (AUTO.

) COLLEGE,
KEONJHA
R

Project report on
A STUDY ON IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE ON INDIAN EMERGING
MARKET
Submitted in the fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor ofCommerce (B.Com)
Session- 2022-23
UNDER MSCBD UNIVERSITY, BARIPADA
Guided by :
Dr. Sashikant Jena (HoD of Dept. of Commerce)
Presented by : Ankit Kumar Raj

B.Com 3rd Year

College Roll No. : BC20146

Autonomous Roll No. : 3120D011
Regd. No. : 16848/20

Signature : ………………… Signature : ……………….

Internal Examiner External Examiner : ……….

1
 DHARANIDHAR [ AUTO. ] COLLEGE , KEONJHAR
[ Department of Commerce ]

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that ‘’ Ankit Kumar Raj ‘’ of B.Com Third Year has
submitted major project report entitled ‘’ A STUDY ON IMPACT OF E-
COMMERCE ON INDIAN EMERGING MARKET ” in partial fulfillment for the
awardof Bachelor of Commerce of Dharanidhar Autonomous College, Keonjhar
in session 2022-23. It has been found to be satisfactory and hereby
approved for the submission.

Dr. Sashikant Jena

HoD in Dept. of Commerce
D.D. (Auto) College , Keonjhar
Signature …………………

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the accomplishment of project successfully, many people have best
owned upon me their blessings and the heart pledged support, this time I am
utilizing to thank all the people who have been concerned with this
project.
Primarily I would thank god for being able to complete this project
with success. Then I would like to thank our Principal Prof. Narendra Ku. Sahoo,
my guide Dr. Sashikant Jena, H.O.D in Dept. of commerce and other faculties of
Department of commerce. whose valuable guidance has been the ones that
helped me to patch this project and make it full proof success. His suggestion
and his instructions have served as the major contributor towards the
completion of the project.
Then I would like to thank my parents and friends who have helped
me with their valuable suggestions and guidance has been very helpful in
various phase of the completion of project.
Last but not the least I would like to thank my classmates who have
helped me a lot.

Place : Keonjhar Name : Ankit Kumar Raj

Date : \ \ 2023 Signature……………………

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 DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project work entitled “A STUDY
ON IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE ON INDIAN EMERGING MARKET” submitted to the
D.D (Auto.) College , Keonjhar, is a record of an original work done by Ankit
Kumar Raj under the guidance of Dr. Sashikant Jena, HoD in Dept. of
Commerce , D.D ( Auto.) College and this project work is submitted in the partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Bachelor of Commerce
(B. Com). The results embodied in this thesis have not been submitted to any
other University or Institute for the award of any degree or diploma.

Ankit Kumar Raj

Roll No. : BC-20-146

B.Com 3rd Year

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 ABSTRACT
Electronic Commerce is process of doing business through computer networks. A
person sitting on his chair in front of a computer can access all the facilities of the Internet
to buy orsell the products.
Unlike traditional commerce that is carried out physically with effort of a person to go
& get products, ecommerce has made it easier for human to reduce physical work and to save
time. E-Commerce which was started in early 1990’s has taken a great leap in the world of
computers, but the fact that has hindered the growth of e-commerce is security. Security is
the challenge facing e-commerce today & there is still a lot of advancement made in the field
of security.
The main advantage of e-commerce over traditional commerce is the user can browse
onlineshops, compare prices and order merchandise sitting at home on their PC.
For increasing the use of e-commerce in developing countries the B2B e-commerce is
implemented for improving access to global markets for firms in developing countries. For a
developing country advancement in the field of e-commerce is essential. The research
strategy shows the importance of the e-commerce in developing countries for business
applications.

Defination of E-commerce
Electronic commerce or ecommerce is a term for any type of business, or commercial
transaction, that involves the transfer of information across the Internet. It covers a range of
different types of businesses, from consumer based retail sites, through auction or music
sites, to business exchanges trading goods and services between corporations. It is currently
one of the most important aspects of the Internet to emerge.

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 CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. LITRETURE REVIEW
3. OVERVIEW
4. NATIONAL SCENARIO
5. HISTORY OF E-COMMERCE
6. E-COMMERCE TIMELINE
7. OBJECTIVES/MERITS/ADVANTAGES OF E -COMMERCE
8. LIMITATIONS / DISADVANTAGES OF E-COMMERCE
9. CHARACTERISTICS/FEATURES OF E – COMMERCE
10. E-BUSINESS VS. E-COMMERCE
11. INDIA’S PROSPECTS IN E-COMMERCE
12. MODELS/TYPES OF ECOMMERCE
13. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
14. THE FUTURE OF E-COMMERCE
15. DATA FINDING AND ANALYSIS
16. CONCLUSION

17. REFERENCES

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 INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS ECOMMERCE?

E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and
services, or the transmitting of funds or data, over an electronic network, primarily the
internet.
E-Commerce or Electronics Commerce is a methodology of modern business, which
addresses the need of business organizations, vendors and customers to reduce cost and
improve the quality of goods and services while increasing the speed of delivery.
Ecommerce refers to the paperless
exchange of business information using the following ways −
• Electronic Data Exchange (EDI)
• Electronic Mail (e-mail)
• Electronic Bulletin Boards
• Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT)
• Other Network-based technologies

The Indian market has witnessed a significant transformation in the last decade,
especially with the advent of e-commerce. With a population of over 1.3 billion people and a
rapidly growing middle class, India has become a lucrative market for e-commerce companies.
The ease of online shopping, coupled with attractive discounts and fast delivery options, has
made e-commerce a popular choice for consumers across the country.

This project aims to analyze the impact of e-commerce on the Indian market, focusing on
the growth, challenges, and opportunities for e-commerce companies. The project will explore
the factors that have contributed to the growth of e-commerce in India, such as increasing
internet penetration, rising smart phone usage, and changing consumer preferences.
Additionally, the project will examine the challenges faced by e-commerce companies in India,
including regulatory hurdles, logistical constraints, and competition from brick-and-mortar
stores.

Through this project, we aim to provide valuable insights into the Indian e-commerce
market, which can be useful for both existing players and new entrants. We will use a
combination of primary and secondary research to gather data, including surveys, interviews,
and market reports. The findings of this project will help e-commerce companies in India to
make informed decisions, improve their operations, and capitalize on the opportunities
presented by this rapidly evolving market.

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 LITRETURE REVIEW

As we all know, E-commerce has emerged as a major force in the Indian market,
with the number of online shoppers growing exponentially in recent years. This study aims
to review the literature on the impact of e-commerce on the Indian market.

One of the key drivers of e-commerce growth in India is the increasing penetration
of the internet and smart phones. This has led to a rise in the number of online shoppers,
who are attracted to the convenience and ease of shopping online. According to a report by
Statista, the number of online shoppers in India is expected to reach 329 million by 2025.

E-commerce has also led to the growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in
India. Many small businesses have set up their online stores, enabling them to reach a wider
customer base and compete with larger companies. This has led to increased competition in
the market and has also given consumers more choices and better prices.

The impact of e-commerce on the Indian retail industry has been significant.
Traditional retailers have faced stiff competition from online stores, with many struggling to
keep up. This has led to a shift in consumer behavior, with more people opting to shop
online for convenience and lower prices.

Another key impact of e-commerce in India has been the growth of logistics and
supply chain management. E-commerce companies have invested heavily in logistics
infrastructure, leading to improvements in the speed and efficiency of delivery. This has not
only benefited the e-commerce companies but has also had a positive impact on the
broader economy, creating jobs and boosting growth.

However, there are also challenges associated with the growth of e-commerce in
India. One of the biggest challenges is the lack of a comprehensive regulatory framework,
leading to issues such as counterfeit products and fraud. There are also concerns about the
impact of e-commerce on traditional retail jobs and the environment.

In conclusion, e-commerce has had a significant impact on the Indian market, with
benefits such as increased competition, improved logistics, and greater convenience for
consumers. However, there are also challenges that need to be addressed in order to ensure
sustainable and equitable growth of the e-commerce industry in India.

8
 OVERVIEW

E-Commerce or Electronics Commerce

Electronic commerce or E-commerce is a platform through which trading of products and
services can be done using the internet. E-commerce businesses are employed in online shopping
websites, fund transfers, stock management systems, data collections and many more. In India, e-
commerce websites have gained massive success through online shopping. Other websites which
facilitate cab-booking, events-searching and trip-planning for customers have also experienced
accelerated growth.

Online retail stores

Flipkart, Snapdeal, Jabong, Koovs, Craftsvilla, Limeroad are all online websites which are
headquartered in India. The prime reason due to which these websites are a success is because of
the cash on delivery system, which allows customer an easy payment method.

Cab services
The biggest cab service company in India is the Ola services. Spread across the country, this
websiteprovides the first ride up to Rs100 free of cost for its customers. Their services are quick and
safe.
After the success of Ola, local cab and auto services in different cities have also begun.

Other startups
Startups like Saavn, Makemytrip, Zomato, nhance are all applications which make the life of
commoners easy. Saavn is an app where one can download and upload songs, makemytrip helps in
planning trips to various places around the world, Zomato searches for good eating joints around the
locality you live in and you can even rate it yourself and nhance is an application which helps people
to prepare themselves for business interviews and exams by bringing news related to that field from
around the world to one platform.

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 NATIONAL SCENARIO
1: FLIPKART
Every Indian living in metro cities has heard the name of Flipkart. They have viewed it, browsed
it and ordered from it. Flipkart initially began as an online bookstore. In today’s age it is the go to
place for the Indian youth to find books on topics ranging from fiction to sports to even high end
scientific research.

Flipkart will not leave you disappointed. It now covers a range of products from every area of
life. Ina very short span of time Flipkart has become the answer for everything.

It was the brainchild of Binny and Sachin Bansal; both of whom began with an investment of 4
lakhs and currently own a company that stands to make an increased profit of $1 billion by the end of
2014. The story of Flipkart is a stuff of legends

The candle of Flipkart lit when Binny and Sachin were working in Amazon and thought of
investing in their own start-up. There growth and success has been an inspiration for many other
start-ups that quickly lined up to enter the world of e-commerce.

2. Snapdeal
Snapdeal began its journey in the year 2007 as an online coupon directory. With time it
shifted its course and tried its hand at e-commerce. And the rest they say is history. Kunal Bahl
and Rohit Bansal were both tired of the boring day to day existence that they lead as company
employees. They shifted their focus towards creating something of their own.

Today, they believe that leaving their jobs was the best decision of their lives. They have a
customer base of over 20 million Indians and do business with over 50,000 sellers who constantly
post their products on their marketplace.

The story of Snapdeal is not a one day success story. In their four year experience, they
have gambled with 6 different business models until they finally hit the jackpot that is currently
set togenerate annual revenue of $1 billion.

Snapdeal was a better business model unlike other Groupon clones in India because
Snapdeal entered the internet with the backing of 50,000 merchants with whom they were
already working before they created their website. Therefore, when Snapdeal came to India, it
came with a level ofvariety that none of its competitors could wish to reach.

Snapdeal is right neck to neck with Flipkart in terms of e-commerce competition, it is hard to
decidewhich store will reach the finish line first.

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3.Jabong
Jabong is currently India’s most sought for branded clothing and accessories store. Unlike
Flipkartand Snapdeal, the business model of Jabong was slightly different. It aims at capturing the
brand conscious internet savvy population of India and has successfully done so. Jabong is
currently thepremium destination for Indians to look for branded wear. It began pretty late in the
year 2012, when its competitors had already set up a strong foothold in the arena. They were
different fromother e-commerce stores because of their streamlined delivery process.

Although, Jabong is half the age of its competitors, it is estimated to yield a profit of over $700
million.

While, Flipkart was the first in the e-commerce market to create a clutter free interface that
became an instant favorite, Jabong grabbed a hold of their attention with its unending catalog. No
matter what your age, Jabong has everything for everyone. Their aggressive marketing strategies
made them hit a huge online client base, all of whom responded with equal enthusiasm. Jabong’s
super fast delivery process has helped in making a space for this website on the e-commerce red
carpet.

4.Myntra
When it came to size, Myntra was a pretty small fish in a sea full of e-commerce sharks like
Jabong and Flipkart. But, Myntra was a persistent fish nonetheless. Mukesh Bansal is the
mastermind behind Myntra. He is an exceptionally smart and honest entrepreneur. From a
personalized gifting store to one of the leading online fashion stores, Myntra is always beating
heads with Jabong.

Its acquisition by Flipkart is a high remark for this ambitious website. Its innovative step up in
selling sports merchandise and many other small moves separated Myntra from other low scale e-
commerce stores that are still little fishes while Myntra has only grown bigger with time.

Mukesh Bansal’s long term vision and his eye for the right investors helped him scale Myntra and
make it a nationally recognized brand in a span of three years. So much so, that Flipkart came out of
its way to woo Myntra and acquire it for its own; a great story for Mukesh Bansal to tell his kids.

5.Firstcry
Many may be shocked to see how Firstcry made this list. It is a website that has a niche
marketing base of infants and new born mothers this is a website that has an answer to
everything.

From cradles to infant clothes, they have just about everything. It is a one stop spot to get
the complete parenting kit. Firstcry gained its popularity from Facebook. With over 10,000
likes it is surely a well loved websites that has regular sales and offers everything from high end
to even affordable products.

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 Founded in the year 2010 by Maheshwari and Amitava Saha, Firstcry has over 70,000 products
and is a marketplace for over 400+ national and international brands. When it comes to niche
shopping stores, Firstcry has really made a name for itself.

This website is currently competing with the likes of other e-commerce websites like Babyoye.
But it is only a matter of time before it beats its competition and makes itself the go to place for
pregnancyand maternal care products.

6.Ola
Every Indian living in metropolitan cities has heard the name ‘Ola’. Or, probably have booked a
cab from it. Initially started as an online cab aggregator, Ola is one of the fastest growing
businesses in India that has expanded itself to numerous ranges i.e. Ola rentals, Ola auto, Ola café,
and now even‘Trip with Ola’. In a short span of time, Ola has become the answer to every ride.

Ola was the brainchild of a 29-year-old, IIT Bombay Graduate, Bhavish Aggarwal, who once
happened to rent a car and deal with a bad experience, where the car driver stopped in the middle
road to re-negotiate the deal. And, when Bhavish refused to agree, the driver proceeded to abandon
him en route to his destination. Well! The entrepreneur-head, instead of whining about the situation,
decided to solve it well, and at large! Currently, the company’s valuation is$3.5 Billion.

7.Make My Trip
Make My trip or MMT is a child of the quintessential brain of Deep Kalra, an IIM graduate, who
quit his corporate job to enhance a good travel experience. Being a part of an average Indian family,
Deep was surely aware of the hassle that travel includes, in India. As once, while travelling with his
wife, he had to stand a poor accommodation. At the same time, he was also observing the power of
the internet expanding day-by-day & things changing around it. Deep understood the needs of India
travellers and provided them with exactly ‘what they want’ by wearing the customer’s hat.

In 2000, with a backing of USD 2-Million from eVentures, MMT (earlier known as India Ahoy) the
ecommerce startups was found. Since then, getting listed on the International Stock Exchange and
with more than $900 million caps at NASDAQ, MMT has been a game changer in the travel segment.

8.Paytm
Two words that come while shopping to almost every Indian mind are “Paytm karo.” Launched in
2010 by Vijay Shekhar Sharma, a graduate from Delhi College of Engineering Paytm has brought a
paradigm shift in the retail industry by completely transforming the payment methodology
electronically. It was a dream dreamt when Vijay was struggling to make ends meet with 10 rupees
in the pocket. Always struggling with his hand in English, he quit his first job at an MNC, began a new
business but was unfortunately conned off.

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 The ‘eureka’ moment came in 2011 when he first pitched the ecommerce startups idea of
entering the payment ecosystem in front of his board of One97 (the parent company of Paytm).
Initially started as an online mobile recharge and bill payment platform, it now enables to make
every kindof transaction on a click of a button. In just a span of 8 years, Paytm has notched up 250
million registered users and 7 million transactions daily.

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 HISTORY OF E-COMMERCE

E-commerce was introduced about 40 years ago in its earliest form. Since then, electronic
commerce has helped countless businesses grow with the help of new technologies, improvements
in internet connectivity, added security with payment gateways, and widespread consumer and
business adoption.

With the wide adoption of the Internet and the introduction of the World Wide Web in 1991
and of the first browser for accessing it in 1993, most e-commerce shifted to the Internet. More
recently, with the global spread of smart phones and the accessibility of fast broadband
connections to the Internet, much e-commerce moved to mobile devices, which also included
tablets, laptops, and wearable products such as watches.

Ecommerce has come a long way since the CompuServe launch in 1969. Changes in technology
havecertainly driven ecommerce growth, along with global circumstances.

Ecommerce has evolved in many ways since its start, and it’s changing the way we live, shop and
do business. Let’s dive into the history and the future of ecommerce.

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 E-COMMERCE TIMELINE
1969: CompuServe is founded.

In the 1980s, CompuServe introduced some of the earliest forms of email and internet connectivity
to the public and dominated the ecommerce landscape through the mid- 1990s.

1979: Michael Aldrich invents electronic shopping.

This made it possible for closed information systems to be opened and shared by outside parties for
secure data transmission — and the technology became the foundation for modern ecommerce.

1994: Netscape Navigator launches as a web browser.

Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark co-created Netscape Navigator as a web browsing tool. During the
1990s, Netscape Navigator became the primary web browser on the Windows platform, before the
rise of modern giants like Google.
1995: Amazon launch.

Jeff Bezos introduced Amazon primarily as an ecommerce platform for books.

1999: Alibaba launches.

Alibaba Online launched as an online marketplace with more than $25 million in funding. By 2001,
the company was profitable. It went on to turn into a major B2B, C2C, and B2C platform that’s
widely used today.
2011: Google Wallet introduced as a digital payment method.

By linking the digital wallet to a debit card or bank account, users can pay for products or services via
these devices. Today, Google Wallet has joined with Android Pay for what is now known as Google
Pay.
2017: Shoppable Instagram is introduced.

Instagram Shopping launched with ecommerce partner BigCommerce. Since then, the
service has expanded to additional ecommerce platforms and allows Instagram users to
immediately click anitem, and go to that item’s product page for purchase.
2020: COVID-19 Drives Ecommerce Growth.

COVID-19 outbreaks around the globe pushed consumers online to unprecedented levels. By
May of2020, ecommerce transactions reached $82.5 billion — a 77% increase from 2019. It would
have taken four to six years to reach that number looking at traditional year-over-year increases.

Consumers have moved online to make purchases normally made in physical stores, such as
foodand household items, apparel, and entertainment. Many consumers say they’ll continue to
use online storefronts until a COVID-19 vaccine is available.

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 OBJECTIVES/MERITS/ADVANTAGES OF E -COMMERCE
(a) Enhances convenience: Customers can make orders for goods at their own convenience and
from the comfort of their homes without having to travel to the business premise. Orders are also
delivered to them at their most ideal locations. It’s the best shopping option for people who are
always busy.

(b) Allows for product and price comparison: Again, when making purchases, customers want to
get the best deals. This business model allows for product and price comparison by consumers so
that the best products are bought at the fairest prices. They can also enjoy extra benefits like
discounts, coupons, items on sale and also get the best deals.

(c) Easy fund-raising for start-ups ventures: So many people have the desire to venture into
business but lack sufficient funds to set up shop. Leasing a physical store can be quite expensive. E-
commerce makes it easier for start-ups to do business and grow.

(d) Efficient: E-commerce has the advantage of being efficient. Resources are used efficiently
since most of the business services are automated. Business owners sometimes spend a lot of
resources meeting business needs and this eats into profits. E-commerce thrives on efficiency.

(e) Customer reach: It’s easier to reach many customers on the internet. Using social media
links and good search engine optimization strategies, an online business can increase brand
awareness and grow its customer base. It also has the advantage of being able to connect buyers
and sellers from all corners of the globe.

(f) Prompt payments: Payments are fast since online stores use electronic or mobile
transactions payment methods. The mobile wallet system for merchant accounts drive up sales and
increase revenue generation.

(g) Ability to sell different products: The flexibility of conducting business over the internet
makes it possible for entrepreneurs to display and sell several products and also cater to a wider
demographic.

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 LIMITATIONS / DISADVANTAGES OF E-COMMERCE
(a) Poor quality products: You don’t physically see and inspect whatever you are paying for
before it’s delivered. Customers, therefore, run the risk of falling victim to false marketing and
buying poor quality products from the virtual shop.

(b) Impulsive purchases: Online stores display a large number of products and due to the
convenience of shopping, customers can find themselves making bad financial decisions through
impulsive purchases.

(c) Internet scammers: The internet is a good thing but some people have decided to use it for
all the wrong reasons. Scammers have made this type of business model unattractive for some
consumers.

(d) Lack of after sales support: As a result of lack of physical premises, customers find it hard to
access after sales support. It can take up to several days before any help is accorded to a customer in
need.

(e) Fast changing business environment: Technology evolves so fast. Some entrepreneurs find it
hard to keep up and lose a lot of business in the process. This may make business growth
unattainable.

(f) Loss of personal touch: Business is all about relationships. This business model erodes the
personal touch between a customer and the business owner. Cultivating loyalty can thus be a
problem since there are many such businesses that provide different options.

(g) Delivery of goods can get delayed: It takes time before the goods ordered for are delivered.
Sometimes the delivery delays and this inconveniences the customer. This is different from physical
business premises where customers walk out with the products bought.

Further, many critics of electronic commerce, however, have argued that this mode of buying and
selling has been endangering the livelihoods of traditional market sellers and shop owners who
prefer to sell face to face.

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 CHARACTERISTICS/FEATURES OF E – COMMERCE
E-Commerce provides the following features −

(a) Non-Cash Payment − E-Commerce enables the use of credit cards, debit cards, smart cards,
electronic fund transfer via bank's website, and other modes of electronics payment.

(b) 24x7 Service availability − E-commerce automates the business of enterprises and the way
they provide services to their customers. It is available anytime, anywhere.

(c) Advertising / Marketing − E-commerce increases the reach of advertising of products and
services of businesses. It helps in better marketing management of products/services.

(d) Improved Sales − Using e-commerce, orders for the products can be generated anytime,
anywhere without any human intervention. It gives a big boost to existing sales volumes.

(e) Support − E-commerce provides various ways to provide pre-sales and post-sales assistance
to provide better services to customers.

(f) Inventory Management − E-commerce automates inventory management. Reports get

generated instantly when required. Product inventory management becomes very efficient and easy
to maintain.

(g) Communication improvement − E-commerce provides ways for faster, efficient, reliable
communication with customers and partners

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 E-BUSINESS VS. E-COMMERCE
While some use e‐commerce and e‐business interchangeably, they are distinct concepts.

Basically, electronic commerce (EC) is the process of buying, transferring, or exchanging products,
services, and/or information via computer networks, including the internet. EC can also be benefited
from many perspective including business process, service, learning, collaborative, community. EC is
often confused with e‐business.

In e‐commerce, information and communications technology (ICT) is used in inter‐business or inter‐

organizational transactions (transactions between and among firms/organizations) and in business‐
to‐consumer transactions (transactions between firms/organizations and individuals).

In e‐business, on the other hand, ICT is used to enhance one’s business. It includes any process that
a business organization (either a for‐profit, governmental or non‐profit entity) conducts over a
computer‐mediated network.

E-commerce E-Business
Open system [statistics] Closed System
Not secured Secured
Deals more with technology Deals with processes needed to facilitate
e‐commerce
Does not involve the use of EDI Used EDI
Always operate on Internet Always operates on intranet
Involves all types of commerce transaction Involves explicitly business transactions
Used for small and bulky transaction Used for bulky transaction
Focused on Business to consumer activities Focused more on business to business
activities

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 INDIA’S PROSPECTS IN E-COMMERCE

a) Services for Producer:

The producer can take advantages of E-commerce by linking themselves with online, by giving
better information about their product to the other links in the business chain and by having brand
identity. The
producer can sell their goods directly to the consumers and retailers. The producer also provides has
easy potential for communication and they can no longer rely on the customer to be forced to
communicate with tem by sending leaflets or through advertisements.

b) Services for whole distributer:

The wholesaler can take advantages of E-commerce who is capable of establishing contractors
with reputed producer and linking their business with the online. E-commerce also decreases the cost of
creating, processing, distributing storing and retrieving information by digitizing the process.

c) Services for People :

People can buy anything with a click of button without moving from their house or office.
The avail the services such as Banking, Ticketing, Airlines Booking, Bus, Railways, Hotel Booking and
many more.

d) Services for Retailers :

They can make available much additional information about various things to the consumers, meet
electronic orders and be in touch with consumers all the times.

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 MODELS/TYPES OF ECOMMERCE

Business to Business [B2B]

B2B (business – to‐ business )is a kind of e-commerce, which refers to a company selling or buying
from other companies. One company communicates with other companies through electronic
Medias. Some of these transactions include sending and receiving orders, invoice and shopping
orders. It was an attractive alternative to the current process of printing, mailing various business
documents.

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B2C Model
Business – to Consumer [B2C] e‐commerce consists of the sale of products or services from
a business to the general public. Products can be anything from clothing to flowers and the
products can also be intangible products such as online banking, stock trading, and airline
reservations. Sellers that use B2C business model can increase their benefits by eliminating
the middlemen. This is called disintermediation because businesses sell products directly to

consumers without using traditional retail channels. Business – to Consumer [B2C] is

basically a concept of online marketing and distributing of products and services over the
internet.

C2C Business Models:

A website following the C2C business model helps consumers to sell their assets like
residential property, cars, motorcycles, etc., or rent a room by publishing their information
on the website. Website may or may not charge the consumer for its services. Another
consumer may opt to buy the product of the first customer by viewing the
post/advertisement on the website.

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Consumer-to-Business E-commerce (C2B)
In this model, a consumer approaches a website showing multiple business organizations for
a particular service. The consumer places an estimate of amount he/she wants to spend for
a particular service. For example, the comparison of interest rates of personal loan/car loan
provided by various banks via websites. A business organization who fulfills the consumer's
requirement within the specified budget, approaches the customer and provides its
services.

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Business - to - Government
B2G model is a variant of B2B model. Such websites are used by governments to trade and
exchange information with various business organizations. Such websites are accredited by
the government and provide a medium to businesses to submit application forms to the
government.

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Government - to – Business
Governments use B2G model websites to approach business organizations. Such websites
support auctions, tenders, and application submission functionalities.

Government - to – Citizen
Governments use G2C model websites to approach citizen in general. Such websites support
auctions of vehicles, machinery, or any other material. Such website also provides services
like registration for birth, marriage or death certificates. The main objective of G2C websites
is to reduce the average time for fulfilling citizen’s requests for various government services.

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 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research methodology is a systematic way of studying the research problem. The
research methodology means the way in which we can complete our prospected task.
Before undertaking any task it becomes very essential for an yone to determine the problem
of study. I have adopted the following procedure in completing my report study.
1. Research Problem.
2. Research Design.

3. Determining the data sources.

4. Tools used for analysis of data
5. Analysing the Data.

6. Interpretation of the data.

7. Preparing research report.

(1) Research Problem

I am interested in E-Commerce sectors and I want to make future in it. So, l have decided to
make my research study on the E-COMMERCE.

E-COMMERCE is very important these days. As my training is at a corporate, I have got the
project upon “E-COMMERCE”. This is my problem to be studied.

The study is being conducted for Online Shopping in Kankurgachi Area of Kolkata City only,
to find out the customer preferences in choosing Flipkart. It is required to find out the
preferences based on certain aspects (Income, levels selection of products, satisfaction level
of customers).

(2) Research Design

The type of design being used for making this project is Meta-Analysis Design. Meta-
analysis is an analytical methodology designed to systematically evaluate and summarize
the results from a number of individual studies, thereby, increasing the overall sample size
and the ability of the researcher to study effects of interest.

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(3) Determining the data sources
Both primary and secondary data are required in this study. Primary data is the first hand
information collected directly from respondents. The tool used here is questionnaire.
Primary Data is collected through surveys conducted among existing executives an
employees working in todays E-commerce Environment, including some top level executives
from some of the big E-Commerce company.
(4) Tools used for analysis of data .The survey process involved two phases: First phase
included identification and selection of the target audience to be studied and to determine
the parameters on which respondents will justify their preferences. A questionnaire was
designed to collect the needed information from the respondents. The Second Phase
involves collection of the primary data by making the respondents fill up questionnaires.

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 THE FUTURE OF E-COMMERCE

By 2022, ecommerce revenue in the U.S. alone is expected to reach $479 billion, with the
toys, hobby and DIY vertical seeing the largest growth. And it’s no passing trend, either.
It’s also interesting to note that looking ahead, ecommerce expert Gary Hoover’s data
projects that ecommerce retail sales will eventually even out with that of brick and mortar.
This means that even though the online sales trend will continue to grow, there’s plenty
of business to go around.But that’s not all.

Soon, most ecommerce interactions will be an omni‐channel experience for shoppers.

This means they’ll expect to be able to research, browse, shop, and purchase seamlessly
between different devices and on different platforms (like a standalone web store, an Amazon
presence, etc.).
Other trends to watch for in the future of ecommerce include:

• Robust customer journeys and personalization.

• Artificial intelligence‐enabled shopping.

• Digital currencies.

Overall, we have to remember that ecommerce is still fairly new in the big picture of retail.

The future holds endless opportunity, but its success and continuation will depend largely on buyers’
preferences in the future.

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 DATA FINDING AND ANALYSIS
1. Total World-wide E-commerce sales
Figure 1:

Figure 1: Data Finding & Analysis

Even with limited capital, it’s easy to set up a business nowadays thanks to ecommerce growth. With
consumers increasingly relying on online shopping — it is estimated that 95 % of purchases will be
made online by 2040 — ecommerce is opening the doors of opportunity to countless entrepreneurs.

And, those ecommerce sales opportunities are rapidly growing. In 2017, ecommerce was responsible
for $2.3 trillion in sales, which is expected to nearly double to $4.5 trillion by 2021. In the U.S. alone,
online shopping already accounts for 10% of retail sales and is expected to grow at a year-on-year rate
of 15%.

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2. Mobile E-commerce is up and Poised for Further Growth

Figure 2: Data Finding & Analysis

Worldwide, e-commerce growth is primarily being driven by consumers using their mobile
devices, phones and tablets, to acquire goods and services. According to eMarketer
estimates, retail e-commerce sales reached $2.3 trillion in 2017, a 23.2 percent increase
over the previous year. The mobile share of this stood at 58.9 percent, or $1.4 trillion. In
2021, mobile e-commerce could rake in some $3.5 trillion and then make up almost three
quarters (72.9 percent) of e-commerce sales.

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3.E-commerce Market Share:

Figure 3: Data Finding & Analysis

Though the United States is often thought of as the largest market for ecommerce, it isn’t.
However, it does make the list of the top 10 largest ecommerce markets in the world:

• China: $672 billion

• USA: $340 billion

• United Kingdom: $99 billion

• Japan: $79 billion

• Germany: $73 billion

• France: $43 billion
• South Korea: $37 billion

• Canada: $30 billion

• Russia: $20 billion
• Brazil: $19 billion 31
4.Payment Methods:

Figure 3: Data Finding & Analysis

Payment method aside, more Americans already prefer online shopping than shopping in a
physical store, with 51% percent clicking their way to making purchases. A total of 96% of
Americans have made at least one online purchase in their life, with 80% doing so in the last
month alone. However, Americans actually spend 64% of their budget in physical stores and
only 36% online.

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 CONCLUSION
We’ve looked at all corners of ecommerce, including its different types, the history,
how it's grown over the years, and its impact on consumers and how business is
conducted.
There are certainly advantages and disadvantages to ecommerce, but the future has
manyopportunities for even greater expansion.

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 REFERENCES
1. Awais Muhammad and Samin Tanzila (2012), “Advanced SWOT Analysis of E-
Commerce”, IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol 9, Issue 2,
No 2,pp. 569-574 Blasio, G.D. (2008).
2. “Urban-Rural Differences in internet usage, e-Commerce, and e-Banking : Evidence
from Italy”, Growth and Change, 39.2, pp.341-367 Chanana Nisha and Goele
Sangeeta, “Future of e-Commerce in India”, International Journal of Computing and
Business Research, ISSN (ONLINE): 2229-6166 Chou D.C. and Chou A.Y. (2000).
3. International Journal of Service Industry Management, Vol 15 Iss:2, pp.200-219
Dutta and Dutta (2009)
4. “A Study on Customer Perception towards HDFC Limited” International Journal of
Management Sciences and Business Research Volume 2, Issue 4-ISSN (2226-8235)
Hsieh, c, (2005), “Implemending Self Service Technology To Gain Competitive
Advantages” Communications of the IIMA, 5.1, pp77-83.

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